Critoniopsis hermogenesii M.Monge & Semir, 2019

Monge, Marcelo, Volet, Danilo Poso & Semir, João, 2019, Critoniopsis hermogenesii (Vernonieae, Asteraceae), a new endemic species from Serra do Mar Mountain Range, São Paulo state, Brazil, Phytotaxa 397 (2), pp. 177-185 : 178-182

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.397.2.5
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287D3-122E-FFA9-1DC0-FA8D24A9EBAA
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Critoniopsis hermogenesii M.Monge & Semir
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Critoniopsis hermogenesii M.Monge & Semir View in CoL , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1–3 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 ).

Critoniopsis hermogenesii differs from the other species of the genus by leaves with red glandular trichomes abaxially and adaxially,

venation semicraspedodromous, prominent abaxially and adaxially, congested inflorescences, and creamy involucral bracts. Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Luis do Paraitinga, Rodovia São Luis do Paraitinga-Ubatuba, nativa do alto da Serra, 20 July 1969,

Leitão-Filho H.F. 869 ( holotype: UEC177605 About UEC !; isotypes: IAC020819, SP, UEC066481 About UEC !, S) .

Trees, 4–5 m tall. Branches striate, strigose, inconspicuous bulbous base, or sericeous, sericeous above the buds, golden or rufous at the apices. Leaves simple, opposite, petiolate, petiole 4–17(–22) mm long, blade 6–13.2 × (1–)2– 4(–4.6) cm, elliptic or lanceolate, rarely oblanceolate or straight oblong, base cuneate, or rounded, asymmetric, margin sparsely serrulate, revolute, apex acute or acuminate; discolorous, abaxial surface strigose, denser on venation, globose red glandular trichomes, sunken, head two-celled, adaxial surface strigose, deciduous, base persistent, glabrescent, globose red glandular trichomes, sunken, head two-celled; venation semicraspedodromous, prominent abaxially and adaxially. Inflorescence congested, paniculiform, corymbiform, axillary and apical, scorpioid cymes, corymbs with apical capitula, or thyrsoid, shortened dichasial, or dichasial compound with two monochasia at the apex. Capitula 6– 8.5(–10.4) mm lenght, pedunculate or subsessile, peduncle (0.6–)1.5–3.5(–6) mm length, strigose, iconpicuous bulbous base, or sericeous, golden, rufous at the apex; involucre 4–7.2 × 2.4–2.9 mm, cylindrical, straight-campanulate, 6–7 series, creamy, 4–5 outer series, involucral bracts (1–)2.2–3.5 × 0.8–1 mm, ovate, triangular, lanceolate, persistent, sericeous, margin ciliate, apex acute; 2 inner series, involucral bracts 4.7–5 × 1–mm, straight elliptic, deciduous, sericeous, margin ciliose, apex acute, glabrescent. Receptacle convex, plane, with smooth fruit scars, glabrous, epaleaceous. Flowers ca. 4, corolla 3.9–4.7 mm lenght, tubulose, throat 2–3 mm lenght, tube 1–1.1 mm length, glabrous, lobes 1.1–1.7 mm length, pubescent and with globose glandular trichomes, two-celled; anther 2.6–2.7 mm length, calcarate base, dentate, with obconical trichomes, surculate; apical appendage elliptic, acute, non–glandular; style base expanded, branches acute, sweeping hairs reaching below the bifurcation, unicellular, narrowly cylindric, apex acute. Cypselae (0.8) 1.7–4.4 mm lenght, slightly obconical, terete, with small constriction at the apex, striate, light-brown, creamy, greenish, pubescent, trichomes whitish, golden and reddish glandular trichomes, carpopodium ca. 0.2 mm length, dark-yellowish; pappus 2 series, whitish, inner row 4–6.5 mm long, bristle, cylindrical, barbellate, outer row 1–1.2(–2) mm long, dorsiventrally compressed, ciliate. Pollen grains spherical, echinate, type A.

Aditional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Cunha , Mata Pluvial Tropical de altitude, Trilha do rio Bonito , 1.100 m, 19 March 1996, A. Rapini et al. 80 ( UEC113169 About UEC !, SP!) ; estrada do Rio Bonito e Paraibuna, 20 March 1994, J.B. Baitello 516 (SPSF16965!, UEC085966 About UEC !). São Luis do Paraitinga , Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar , Núcleo Santa Virgínia , trilha do Rio Ipiranga , 925 m, 23º 20’ 66” S, 45º 07’ 30”W, 21 November 2001, Disciplina de Métodos em taxonomia nº 21 (SPSF030017!; HRCB) ; Rodovia Ubatuba-Taubaté, 31 May 1990, M. Kirizawa & J. Angelo 2324 ( UEC177606 About UEC !; SP!); ( São Luis do Paraitinga ) Ubatuba, Serra do Mar , 20 September 1968, H.F. Leitão-Filho 542 (IAC20223; UEC067229 About UEC !, UEC128421 About UEC !) .

Distribution, Ecology, and Conservation Status:— Critoniopsis hermogenesii is known from the Serra do Mar mountain range, in the municipalities of Cunha and São Luis do Paraitinga, in São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil. There is one conservation unit where this new species was collected, Serra do Mar State Park, at the Santa Virgínia and Cunha administrative offices ( Figure 2 View FIGURE 2 ). It grows in Tropical Montane Rain Forest in the Atlantic Forest domain ( IBGE 2012), at ca. 1.000 m of elevation. According to the IUCN (2017) criteria, the new species is categorized as Critically Endangered (CR) following the B1ab(i, iii) criteria, with an estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of 56 km ² and Endangered (EN) following criteria B2ab(ii, iii) with an estimated area of occupancy (AOO) of 24 km ². We will follow the most conservative estimate, Critically Endangered, as a precaution, because this new species was collected in only two localities, and its last collection has been made 17 years ago. The search for new populations is encouraged in other forest remnants in the Serra do Mar or in Paulista Plateau.

Phenology:—Flowering and fruiting simultaneously from November to March.

Etymology:—The specific epithet is a tribute to Hermógenes Freitas Leitão-Filho (1944–1996), who was a renowned Brazilian synantherologist and who collected specimens of this new taxon.

Taxonomy: —The new species is characterized by being a tree, with striate branches, with strigose trichomes with inconspicuous bulbous base, or sericeous indumentum ( Figure 3A View FIGURE 3 ), with golden or rufous color at the apex of the branch, conspicuously sericeous above the buds, strigose indumentum at the leaves ( Figure 3B and 3C View FIGURE 3 ), red glandular trichomes, globose, sunken in small depressions, with two-celled heads ( Figure 3C View FIGURE 3 ), semicraspedodromous leaf venation, prominent abaxially and adaxially; congested inflorescences, creamy involucral bracts; sweeping hairs unicellular, narrowly cylindric, apex blunt ( Figure 3D and 3E View FIGURE 3 ), acute Apex of the anther ( Figure 3F View FIGURE 3 ), denticulate basal anther appendage, with surculate trichomes ( Figure 3G View FIGURE 3 ), obconical cypselae, terete, with small constriction at the apex, striate ( Figure 3H View FIGURE 3 ), pubescent ( Figure 3I View FIGURE 3 ), golden and reddish glandular trichomes, dorsiventrally compressed outer pappus series ( Figure 3J View FIGURE 3 ), and ciliate. But the most conspicuous character is the presence of red glandular trichomes, globose, sunken in small depressions, with two-celled head ( Figure 3C View FIGURE 3 ). This new species belongs to the genus Critoniopsis due to the presence of opposite leaves ( Figure X1 View FIGURE 1 ), pubescent lobes corolla ( Figure 3K View FIGURE 3 ), with glands ( Figure 3L View FIGURE 3 ), denticulate basal anther appendage, with surculate trichomes ( Figure 3F View FIGURE 3 ), and enlarged stylar node ( Figure 1H View FIGURE 1 ), unicellular sweeping hairs, narrowly cylindric, apex blunt ( Figure 3D and 3E View FIGURE 3 ), echinate pollen grains, spinulose, spherical, type A ( Figure 3M View FIGURE 3 ; Robinson 1980, 1993). Another interesting feature of Critoniopsis hermogenesii is the morphological variation of the inflorescence, which is congested but arranged in different ways, such as paniculiform, corymbiform, axillary or apical, scorpioid cymes, corymbs with apical capitula, or thyrsoid, shortened dichasial, or dichasial compound with two monochasia at the apex.

Critoniopsis hermogenesii resembles C. stellata (Spreng.) Robinson (1993: 622) because they are both trees, with dense indumentum at leaves and branches, and deciduous involucral bracts. They are differentiated by thinner leaves [(1–)2–4(–4.6) cm wide] in C. hermogenesii (vs. 6–8 cm in C. stellata ), as well as the red glandular trichomes, globose, sunken in small depressions on leaves in C. hermogenesii (vs. golden in C. stellata ), congested inflorescences in C. hermogenesii (vs. lax in C. stellata ), cylindrical or straight-campanulate involucre in C. hermogenesii (vs. campanulate or rounded in C. stellata ), and 2.4–2.9 mm wide involucre in C. hermogenesii (vs. 3.8–4.5 mm in C. stellata ).

Critoniopsis hermogenesii is also morphogically similar to C. quinqueflora (Less.) Robinson (1993: 621) because both are trees, with branches with strigose indumentum, with inconspicuous bulbous base, golden and rufous at the apex, leaf blades with strigose trichomes, semicraspedodromous venation, and congested inflorescences. These two species are differentiated by sericeous trichomes above the buds in C. hermogenesii (vs. dense strigose in C. quinqueflora ), elliptic, lanceolate, rarely oblanceolate, rarely straight oblong leaves in C. hermogenesii (vs. obovate, oblanceolate or elliptic in C. quinqueflora ), red glandular trichomes, globose, sunken in small depressions on leaves in C. hermogenesii (vs. golden in C. quinqueflora ), sparsely serrulate margin in developed leaves in C. hermogenesii (vs. conspicuously serrate in C. quinqueflora ), and creamy involucral bracts in C. hermogenesii (vs. brown involucral bracts in C. quinqueflora ).