Aclerdinae Cockerell

Hodgson, Chris, 2020, A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males, Zootaxa 4765 (1), pp. 1-264 : 199

Aclerdinae Cockerell

Subfamily diagnosis based on adult male morphology ( Figs 78–84 ). Body size small to moderate; antennae about half total length of body; body with few setae, possibly entirely hs; fs on limbs generally easy to differentiate from hs. Body often with frequent small convex pores (cp) dorsally. Head. Genae generally unsclerotised; without reticulations; usually with 1 pair hs genal setae. Ocelli present and generally distinct. Ocular sclerite with polygonal reticulations. Postocular ridge short. Postoccipital ridge absent. Cranial apophysis extending far forward on head, between ventral simple eyes, on the end of long preoral ridges; postoral tentorial bridge pronounced. Antennae 10-segmented; with short fs and an occasional hs; antennal bristles apparently undifferentiated; apical segment with 3 capitate setae. Prothorax usually with 1 or 2 pairs of prosternal setae; small convex pores (cp) present or absent on dorsum. Mesothorax: Prescutum small. Membranous area of scutum quite small, about twice as wide as long; with 0–2 pairs hs scutal setae. Scutellar setae (scls) present or absent. Area within mesopostnotum usually with a large sclerite, (possibly absent on A. tillandsiae and L. macropoda ). Basisternum with median ridge weak or absent; without basisternal setae; lateropleurite very large, often extending anteriorly as well as laterally; furca basally rather short but broad. Mesothoracic spiracles each with 0–5 disc-pores, each with 3–6 loculi. Metathorax: postmesospiracular setae absent. Metathorax with a pair of hs metatergal seta. Dorsal part of metapleural ridge absent. Metathoracic spiracle placed more posteriorly than on most Coccomorpha , with 0–6 disc-pores. Anterior metasternal setae and posterior metasternal setae absent. Wings without alar lobes or alar setae. Hamulohalteres absent. Leg setae usually all hs or spur-like. Trochanter each with campaniform sensilla in a line. Tibia with one large apical spur. Tarsal spurs absent or barely differentiated; tarsal campaniform pore absent. Claws without a denticle. Abdomen usually with small convex pores (cp) dorsally. Abdominal sternites and tergites all with sclerites; pleurites on segments IV–VII generally showing varying degrees of sclerotisation. Abdominal setae all hs. Segment VIII tergite sclerotised; caudal extension generally absent; pleural area usually with a seta at least half as long as penial sheath; without ante-anal setae medially; sternite sclerotised, forming anterior section of penial sheath, with strongly sclerotised lateral margins (absent on L. macropoda ); without setae. Glandular pouch usually absent. Sternite VIII strongly sclerotised and plate-like, often with lateral margins ridge-like. Genital segments: Penial sheath rather short, articulating anteriorly with sclerotised sternite of segment VIII; segment IX fused to style; penial sheath broadest anteriorly, narrowing abruptly to a blunt, narrow, rather parallel-sided style. Anus surrounded by a sclerotised ring. Aedeagus (aed) rather short but generally exceptionally broad, approximately parallel-sided. Many species with a long membranous extrusion from end of style, possibly an endophallus.

Figures

FIGURE 78. Aclerda arundinariae McConnell. Macropterous male. (Aclerdidae, Aclerdinae). Where A=cranial apophysis, P=loculate pore and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.

FIGURE 79. Aclerda distorta Green. Macropterous male. (Aclerdidae, Aclerdinae). Where A=cranial apophysis, E=loculate pore and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.

FIGURE 80. Aclerda tillandsiae Howell. Macropterous male. (Aclerdidae, Aclerdinae).

FIGURE 81. Aclerda tokionis Cockerell. Macropterous male. (Aclerdidae, Aclerdinae). Where A=cranial apophysis.

FIGURE 82. Aclerda sp. A. Michoacán, Mexico. Macropterous male. (Aclerdidae, Aclerdinae). Where A=cranial apophysis, C=loculate pore, D=simple pore and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.

FIGURE 83. Aclerda sp. B. South Dakota, USA. Macropterous male. (Aclerdidae, Aclerdinae). Where A=cranial apophysis, C=loculate pore, D=simple pore and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.

FIGURE 84. Lecanaclerda macropoda Hodgson & Millar. Macropterous male. (Aclerdidae. Aclerdinae). Where A=cranial apophysis, D=simple pore, K=apex of antennal capitate seta and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.