Matthiola spathulata Conti, Mem. Herb. Boiss.

Zeraatkar, Amin & Assadi, Mostafa, 2018, Notes on Matthiola spathulata Conti (Brassicaceae), Phytotaxa 338 (1), pp. 140-144 : 141-142

Matthiola spathulata Conti, Mem. Herb. Boiss. 18: 49. 1900.

Type:— IRAN. In monte Karaghan, 1882, Th. Pichler s.n. ( WU!).

= Matthiola odoratissima var. dentata Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 149. 1867. syn. nov.

Type:— IRAN. Azerbaijan. Khoi (Khoy), prope Shabanli, 3 May 1928, J. N. Szovits 171 G! (Lectotype designated by Al-Shehbaz on the specimens and here: G-BOIS-00332031!). Isolectotype: Armenia, J. N. Szovits 171 ( K!, K 000618623).

= Matthiola iranica Zeraatkar, Mahmoodi, F.Ghahrem. & Maassoumi, Phytotaxa 261(2): 195. 2016. syn. nov.

Type:— IRAN. Zanjan province. Zanjan-Dandi road, 4 km before Ghezel-Ozan river , 36°31’48.9000”N, 47°52’07.1760”E, 1450 m, 29 May 2014, M. Mahmoodi 100455 (holotype T!; isotype TARI!) .

Perennial herbs up to 40 cm tall, usually many-stemmed, covered with dendritic trichomes throughout, simple and 2 − 4-rayed trichomes mainly present on petiolar leaf bases along lower parts of stem, eglandular. Leaves 5–14.5 × 1.4– 3 cm, predominantly basal, especially in fruit, petiolate, mostly conduplicate, subspathulate, elliptic, sometimes ovate or obovate, slightly curved upward, entire, sometimes with few teeth, shallowly sinuate-dentate, sometimes dentate or rarely pinnatifid, obtuse to acute at apex, tapering into a long and distinct petiole, densely covered with (3–)10–13(– 16)-rayed trichomes, central vein obviously whitish. Stipulelike glands absent at the pedicel and leaf bases. Racemes 6–15-flowered, ebracteate. Flowering pedicels 2–6 mm long, elongating to 10 mm in fruit, erect-ascending, tomentose, covered with dendritic trichomes, simple and 2 − 4-rayed trichomes present or not. Flowers: sepals green, lanceolate, 11–13 × ca. 3 mm, acute at apex, abaxially tomentose, covered with dendritic trichomes; inner sepals gibbous at base; outer sepals flattened, sparsely covered near apex with long, 2–4-rayed trichomes. Petals sordid yellowish, turning dark or pale brownish when dried, 2.5–3.4 × ca. 0.4 cm; limb ± linear-oblong, curled once to twice outwards, undulate along margin, curved backwards proximally (not revolute), apex usually obtuse. Stamens glabrous, filaments linear; median filament pairs 10–11 mm long, narrowly unilaterally winged along proximal half, lateral filament pairs 6–7 mm long, wingless; anthers erect, ca. 4 mm long; nectar glands 2, semiannular, almost surrounding base of single filaments, oblong, flat, with a central furrow beneath, open above, with a well-developed lateral extension on each side on upper part, externally subtending base of paired filaments; median glands absent. Fruits linear, erect, white-glossy, straight or slightly curved, compressed throughout, (6.5–)13–16(–20) cm × 3–4 mm, readily dehiscent, smooth at margin, dorsiventrally slightly torulose, with ± conspicuous midvein, clearly constricted below stigma, attenuate at apex, oblong in transverse section, tomentose, with dendritic trichomes; style inconspicuous; gynophore inconspicuous; stigma 2- lobed, elongated, often terminating into broad capitate and fleshy lobes, usually slightly narrower than the fruit width, unappendaged. Seeds 24–42 per fruit, oval or oblong, brown-green or mid brown, 4.3–5 × 3–3.5 mm, wing 0.4–0.5 mm wide, minutely reticulate.

Distribution: NW & W Iran, southern Armenia. It is likely that the species will be found in nearby Turkey and Azerbaijan ( Fig. 2O ).

Ecological notes:— Matthiola spathulata often grows in marl and sometimes red marls ground. Flowering: middle April to early June, late May to June (fruiting period).

Specimens examined:— IRAN. Zanjan province: Zanjan, 50 km on the Zanjan-Dandi road, toward Kaltakeh village, 1.5 km after Haji-Bache village , 36°35’9.78”N, 47° 58’ 11.2794”E, 1908 m, 1 May 2013, M. Mahmoodi 99568 ( T, TARI) ; Zanjan, 45 km on the Zanjan-Dandi road, between Gowjeh Qaya and Gholtugh villages, 36°30’27.5400”N, 48°05’24.9000”E, 1902 m, 30 June 2014, M. Mahmoodi 100456 ( T, TARI) ; Zanjan, Zanjan-Dandi road, 4 km before Ghezel-Ozan river, 36°31’48.9000”N, 47°52’07.1760”E, 1450 m, 25 May 2015, M. Mahmoodi 100458, ( T, TARI). Zanjan, 50 km on the Zanjan-Dandi road, toward Kaltakeh village , 1.5 km after Haji-Bache village , 36°35’9.78”N, 47° 58’ 11.2794”E, 1908 m, 25 May 2015, M. Mahmoodi 100457 ( T, TARI). Zanjan, Zanjan-Dandi road, toward Kaltakeh village , 1.5 km after Haji-Bach village , 36°35’9.78”N, 47° 58’ 11.2794”E, 1908 m, 19 June 2015, A. Zeraatkar 12841 & 16006 ( T, Shiraz University herbarium) . Ardabil province, Asalem to Khalkhal, before Shal , 37°38’N, 48°35’E, 2354 m, 1 June 2004, M. Assadi 86500 ( TARI) . East Azerbaijan province, 22 km SW Ahar, 38°23’46.35”N, 46°51’19.57”E, 1550 m, 18 May 1960, H. Pabot 26885 ( TARI). ca. 18 km NW of Marand, between Kashk-Sarah & Erelan, 38°37’16.73”N, 45°42’15.15”E, 1500 m, 15 June 1988, M. Assadi & A. Shahsavari 65444 ( TARI). mountains W of Bazargan, 39°23’28.25”N, 44°23’40.04”E, 1500–1700 m, 28 June 1978, M. Assadi & V. Mozaffarian 30200 ( TARI). Tabriz to Marand , after Sufian, Sterile reddish soil slope, 38°11’25.95”N, 46° 8’0.33”E, 1500 m, 26 June 1978, M. Assadi & V. Mozaffarian 29812 ( TARI) . West Azerbaijan province, 14 km S of Khoy on road to Shahpur (Salmas), 38°21’28.98”N, 44°52’20.29”E, 1200 m, 24 April 1976, P. Wendelbo & M. Assadi 19263 ( TARI). Goja Bel-pass, summit shale, 1250 m, 30 May 1971, Lamond ( E: sheet no. E00377296 (photo)) . Qazvin province, Abgarm, Kharamaghan , between Hesar & Esmailabad, 35°49’N, 49°00’E, 1735 m, 20 May 2005, V. Mozaffarian 87297 ( TARI) .— ARMENIA. Ararat province, Artashat region, Garnix Zovashen , 1100 m, 22 June 1970, V. Avetisian et al. ( E: sheet no. E00377416 (photo)). Surrounding area North West of the Village Zovashen. Phryganes on South hanging cliff boulders, made of sandstone, 1230–1400 m, 30 Aug. 1956, A. A. Akhverdov , N. Mirzoeva and Japaridze ( W: sheet no. W 2006-0007987 ). prox. al embalse Azat , c. Landjazat , 40°05’19”N 44°38’23”E, 1167 m, 2 July 2005, cerros yesiferos, matorral, C. Navarro et al. 5827 ( W: sheet no. W 2007-0018587 ; MA: sheet no. 742267 MA (photo)). Montanas de Hadis , camino de Raghtsaghem a Vedi 39.956667°, 44.684444°, 1220 m, 1 July 2005, matorrales sobre sustratos calizos, C. Navarro et al. 5731 ( MA: sheet no. MA744352 (photo)) . Yerevan province, SE of Yerevan, c. 12 km WSW of Garni, c. 1 km N Bartsrashen , 40°06’10”N 44°35’36”E, 10 May 2005, G. Fayvush et al. ( W: sheet no. W 2008-0006530 , MO, LI, ERE) . Kotayk province, valley of river Asat c. 9 km WSW of Garni, NE of the water reserve, 40°05’06”N 44°38’01”E, 1085 m s.m., 4 May 2005, G. Fayvush et al. ( W: sheet no. W 2008-0005595 ). Kotayk District, between Garni and Zovashen villages, c. 5 km S Zovashen village, 40.086850°, 44.635867°, 1100 m, 20 July 2004, K. Tamanyan & G. Fayvush 46- 2004 ( P: sheet no. P04657106 , W: sheet no. W 2007-0018587 , Ny: sheet no. NY03090995 , ERE) . Syunik province, Vedi region, 1738 m, 28 May 1948, Achverdov & Mirzoeva ( E: sheet no. E00381551 (photo)). Vayotsdzor province, Yeghegnadzor distr. , c. 6 km dry shrubland, limestone, 1320 m s.m., 26 June 2002, Fayvush et al. s.n. ( B: sheet no. B100040910 , W 2004-0006056 (photo), ERE, PAL, SEV, G, W, FI, HJU, CAT, M.). Yeghegnadzor distr, between villages Agarakadzor and Boloraberd , 5 km S of Agarakadzor , Ayar gorge, 39.71667, 45.35000, 1350 m, 26 June 2003, Barkworth et al. ( UTC: sheet no. UTC00239343 (photo)). Armenia (Ny: sheet no. NY03091002 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. M and N: habitat and habit of M. spathulata, Iran, Zanjan, Hajibacheh village, photographs from A.Z.