Spilonota Stephens, 1834

Choi, Seokhoon, Kim, Jeong-Nam, Bayarsaikhan, Ulziijargal, Jang, Chang Moon, Kim, Hanul, Nasu, Yoshitsugu & Bae, Yang-Seop, 2024, Taxonomic study of the genus Spilonota Stephens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Eucosmini) with descriptions of two new species in Korea, Zootaxa 5418 (4), pp. 357-370 : 358-359

Genus Spilonota Stephens, 1834

Spilonota Stephens, 1829 [June], Nom. Br. Insects: 46.

Type species: Tortrix comitana Hübner, [1799] = Tortrix ocellana [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775.

Tmetocera Lederer, 1859 , Wien. Ent. Monatschr., 3: 124.

Type species: Tortrix ocellana [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775.

Bathrotoma Meyrick, 1881 , Proc. Linn. Soc. NSW 6: 675.

Type species: Bathrotoma constrictana Meyrick, 1881 .

Description. Wingspan. 12–19 mm; small to medium-sized adult.

Head. Ocellus moderate; frons usually brown and dark or bright depending, with moderate, projecting scales in upper part, remainder of frons with minute, appressed scales; labial palpus about 2x as long as eye diameter, porrect, anterior straight protruded; second segment large, strongly, sinuate; terminal segment short, slender; antennae reaching beyond middle of forewing, flagellum with basal notch in male, scape dense scale, flagellum uniform rectangular scales.

Thorax. Without crest. Legs unmodified.

Wings. Forewing length 5.6–8.4 mm; forewing narrowly subrectangular, sometimes slightly widening distally, costa slightly curved, apex slightly projecting, termen sinuate and slightly oblique; discal cell long, accessory cell narrow and often very short with chorda variable, from halfway between R 1 and R 2 to between R 4 and R 5, but some species go beyond R 5 ( S. ocellana , S. semirufana ); M-stem usually appears as weak trace in membrane, extends to M 3; CuA 1 strongly curved and distally approximated to M 3; CuP faintly visible near boundary; developed costal strigulae and apex usually with black spots or darkens and with at least some parts of ocelloid patch present, usually two silvery bands with remnants of one or more black dashes in between; hindwing light gray or dark brown, with thin and long hairs on anal margin, and short hairs on termen; Rs and M 1 usually closely approximated at base; base of M 2 strongly bent towards M 3; M 3 and CuA 1 basal stalked and apical separated, sometimes combined into one stalked; CuP halfway between CuA 2 and 1A+2A, latter distant from anal margin, no trace of 3A visible.

Pregenital abdomen. Membranous pockets in female between S6 and S7, small, half circle shaped; in male hind-margin of S8 strongly bilobed, T8 with inverted T-shaped sclerotisation.

Male genitalia. Uncus absent; socii horn-shaped; tegumen high, robust, with strong shoulders; gnathos two weak, lateral bands, not always apparent; phallus bends lightly with deciduous cornuti; anellus wide ring; caulis long and wide; juxta triangular; vinculum generally small; valva long and slender; basal opening wide; sacculus often bent, with thin hairs; valva neck slender; cucullus expanding into rounded or subquadrangle, numerous thin or sturdy hairs; pollex pointy, one large thorn at end of cucullus.

Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes subreniform, anteriorly narrower, with long and short hairs; sterigma fused with medially concave hindmargin of S7, forming a wide sclerotised funnel leading to ostium; ostium small, size varies slightly for each type of lamella antevaginalis; lamella antevaginalis broadly triangular lobe, usually medially deeply concaved; posterior portion of ductus bursae sclerotised to conspicuously narrow; colliculum about half as long as ductus bursae, sclerotised except at origin of ductus seminalis; ductus seminalis, arising posterior end of colliculum; corpus bursae roundish, teardrop-shaped, minutely spinulose or dimpled, with weakly sclerotised area in neck; signa two strong thorns with sclerotised, roundish or triangular base.