Tipula (Vestiplex) levisoni Starkevich & Podenas, 2022

Starkevich, Pavel, Podėnas, Sigitas & Sivell, Duncan, 2022, Tipula (Vestiplex) levisoni sp. nov., a new cranefly (Diptera, Tipulidae) from the Western Himalayas, Zootaxa 5115 (1), pp. 131-145 : 133-137

Tipula (Vestiplex) levisoni Starkevich & Podenas sp. nov.

( Figs 1–20 )

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: INDIA, Kashmir , Gulmarg, 29.vi.1931, Fletcher coll., B.M.1932.13 [larval exuvium on same pin, male genitalia slide No. PS 0375m] ( BMNH) . PARATYPES: INDIA, same data as holotype, 26.vii.1931 [genitalia slide No. PS 0376f] (1 ♀, BMNH) ; same data as holotype, 9.vii.1931 (1 ♀, BMNH) . NEPAL, Baitadi , Tinkar Khola, 13,000 ft. [3962 m], 5.vii.1953. J.B. Tyson; W. Nepal Expedition, B.M.1953-592 (1 ♂, BMNH) .

Diagnosis. Tipula (V.) levisoni sp. nov. can be recognized by its brownish-yellow body, elongated antenna which reaches the base of the abdomen and the epandrium forming a large, crescent in outline, saucer-shaped plate with deep posterior U-shaped notch bordered by denticles on either side. The gonocoxite is unarmed with a rectangular ventromesal part. Females are large with an elongated abdomen and a body length longer than 30 mm. Cercus slender with upturned tip and ventral margin distally with small, distinct serrations. The hypovalva comprises a pale, elongated, slender filament. The median incision between the hypovalvae is deeper than the posterior margin of sternite 8, with the lateral incision deep and narrow.

Description. Male. Body length 18.9–21.0 mm, wing length 20.6–21.2 mm (N=2). General body colour brownish yellow ( Figs 1, 2 ).

Head. Vertex and occiput grey with narrow brown median line ( Fig. 2 ). Rostrum brownish yellow, dorsally thinly dusted with grey pruinescence. Nasus distinct. Antenna 13-segmented, when bent backward almost reaching base of abdomen. Scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellar segment yellow, brown at tip, remaining flagellomeres brown. Each flagellomere, except first, with basal enlargement with small incision and narrowing apex; below narrowing, with additional narrowing at apex, making each segment slightly sinuous. Apical flagellomere small. Longest verticils approximately same length as their corresponding segments. Palpus with basal segment pale, second segment pale with brown surface, last segments dark brown.

Thorax. Pronotum yellowish brown with brown median line. Prescutum and presutural scutum with four greyish brown stripes narrowly bordered with brown ( Fig. 2 ). Medial pair of stripes fused in basal half, distally narrowly separated. Interspaces yellowish grey, anteriorly with small brown dots. Postsutural scutum with lobes each having greenish-brown nearly oval spot bordered with brown. Scutellum yellowish brown, mediotergite brown, thinly dusted, both sclerites with brown medial line. Pleura yellowish brown, thinly dusted with grey pruinescence. Coxae yellow, thinly dusted, trochanter yellow, femora and tibiae yellow, narrowly darkened at tip; first tarsal segment yellow, darkened at tip, remaining tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw without tooth. Wing patterned with brown ( Fig. 4 ). Halter pale with brown knob.

Abdomen. Brownish yellow, terminal segments brown. Tergites with broad brown median and lateral stripes.

Hypopygium ( Figs 5–14 ). Brown, broader than abdomen. Epandrium forming large, concave, sclerotised saucer-shaped plate, crescent-shaped in outline ( Figs 5–7 ). Main body of plate brown with blackened rim. Posterior margin of plate broadly emarginated medially with deep U-shaped notch, laterally bordered by black denticles on either side; rest of margin toothed. Lateral angle of plate broadly obtuse. Anterior and lateral portions of plate raised into narrow sclerotised border, posterolaterally terminating in large, black and obtuse teeth. Gonocoxite unarmed, ventromesal part rectangular in shape ( Fig. 8 ). Outer gonostylus flattened, leaf-shaped ( Fig. 9 ). Inner gonostylus, large, curved, claw-shaped with single black, large mid-dorsal tooth. Beak extended into blackened, narrowed rostrum with indistinctly split tip ( Fig. 10 ). Aedeagal guide inshape of narrow, elongated tube, base with dorsal flange narrow and elongated, membranous at base, ventral flange flattened; distal margin bent inward forming two microscopic hooks ( Fig. 11 ). Gonocoxal fragment large with lateral and medial sclerites well-developed ( Fig. 12 ). Medial sclerites fused, anterior apodeme distinct, flattened and narrowed in middle; posterior part broadly flattened, expanded at base, distal parts flattened and arched. Lateral sclerites U-shaped. Sperm pump with small and flattened central vesicle ( Fig. 13 ). Compressor apodeme with broad median emargination. Posterior immovable apodeme longer than compressor apodeme, large and extended laterally into broad plate, medially with darker ridge. Anterior immovable apodeme nearly triangular, narrowed at lateral margin. Aedeagus with distal part ventrally membranous ( Fig. 14 ).

Female. Body length 33.8–38.2 mm, wing length 25.9–27.4 mm (N=2). Generally similar to male, but abdomen more elongate ( Fig. 3 ).

Female terminalia ( Figs 15–20 ). Tergite 10 shiny brown. Cercus brownish yellow, about as long as tergite 10, slender with up-turned tip ( Fig. 15 ). Ventral margin distally with small, distinct serrations. Hypovalva pale, elongated, filamentous, with short trichia at tip ( Fig. 15 ). Median incision between hypovalvae deeper than posterior margin of sternite 8. Lateral incision deep and narrow, about three times as deep as maximum width. Posterolateral angle of sternite 8 rounded. Sternite 9 with posterior part shovel-shaped, margin with lateral incisions, medially forming groove; anterior parts flattened ( Fig. 17 ). Furca flattened, base narrow ( Fig. 18 ). Bursa copulatrix with spermathecal ducts sclerotised at the base, in shape of curved, slender, dark brown sticks ( Fig. 19 ). Cul-de-sac of bursa copulatrix curved. Spermatheca pear-shaped ( Fig. 20 ).

Etymology. The new species is named after Levison James Wood (1982–), a British army officer, explorer and writer, best known for his remarkable expeditions in the Himalayas, Central America, the Arabian Peninsula and walking the entire length of the River Nile.

Distribution. India (Jammu and Kashmir), Nepal (Sudurpashchim Province).

Remarks. Tipula (V.) levisoni sp. nov. is assigned here as a member of T. (V.) leucoprocta species group proposed by Savchenko (1960, 1964) and as discussed by Starkevich et al. (2020). Males of the leucoprocta species group are distinguished by an unarmed gonocoxite, the epandrium having a large sclerotised plate with an extensive saucer with a raised border, posterolaterally terminating in teeth and a remarkably large gonocoxal fragment. In females, the bursa copulatrix and basal part of the spermathecal ducts are sclerotised. Two members of the leucoprocta species group are known from the Western Himalayas, T. (V.) tanycera ( Pakistan) and T. (V.) mitchelli ( India) .

Tipula (V.) levisoni sp. nov. is closest to T. (V.) tanycera based on body colouration and the shape of the hypopygium. Both species are characterized by a crescent-shaped epandrium, inner gonostylus with middorsal tooth, slender aedeagal guide and the shape of the gonocoxal fragment. Females are characterized by sternite 8 with deep lateral incisions.

Males can be separated by their antennae which reaches the base of the abdomen in T. (V.) levisoni sp. nov. while in T. (V.) tanycera the antenna is longer,almost reaching the middle of the abdomen. They can also be separated by the following details of the epandrium: T. (V.) levisoni sp. nov. has the posterior margin with a deep median notch and a large posterolateral tooth ( Fig. 7 ), while in T. (V.) tanycera the median notch is shallower and has a distinctly smaller posterolateral tooth ( Fig. 43 ). The outer gonostylus of T. (V.) levisoni sp. nov. is flattened, leaf-shaped ( Fig. 9 ), while in T. (V.) tanycera it is nearly oval ( Fig. 45 ). The inner gonostylus bears a middorsal tooth with a broadly expanded base in T. (V.) levisoni sp. nov. ( Fig. 10 ). Tipula (V.) tanycera has a middorsal tooth with a distinctly less expanded base ( Fig. 46 ).

Females can be separated by their body size which exceeds 30 mm in T. (V.) levisoni sp. nov. and is less than 20 mm in T. (V.) tanycera . The cercus has small serrations and a nearly rounded tip in T. (V.) levisoni sp. nov. ( Fig. 15 ), while in T. (V.) tanycera the serrations are distinct on the distal end and the cercus tip is pointed ( Fig. 51 ).

Another regional species related to T. (V.) levisoni sp. nov. and T. (V.) tanycera is T. (V.) mitchelli , which can be separated by a rectangular epandrium and the inner gonostylus lacking a middorsal tooth.

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Tipula (Vestiplex) levisoni sp. nov. 1, holotype male with larval exuvium, lateral view; 2, head and thorax, holotype, dorsal view; 3, female, paratype, dorsal view; 4, wing, male, paratype. Scale of 1, 3, 4 = 0.5 mm; 2 = 1 mm.

FIGURES 5–14. Male terminalia of Tipula (Vestiplex) levisoni sp. nov. 5, hypopygium, dorsal view; 6, hypopygium, lateral view; 7, epandrium, dorsal view; 8, left gonocoxite, lateral view; 9, left outer gonostylus; 10, left inner gonostylus, lateral view; 11, aedeagal guide, lateral view; 12, gonocoxal fragment, dorsal view; 13, sperm pump, dorsal view; 14, distal part of intromittent organ, lateral view. Abbreviations: aia, anterior immovable apodeme; ca, compressor apodeme; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; ig, inner gonostylus; ls, lateral sclerite of gonocoxal fragment; ms, medial sclerite of gonocoxal fragment; mt, mid-dorsal tooth of inner gonostylus; og, outer gonostylus; pia, posterior immovable apodeme; pt, posterolateral tooth of epandrium. Scale a: 5, 6 = 0.5 mm; b: 7–13 = 0.5 mm; c: 14 = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 15–20. Female terminalia of Tipula (Vestiplex) levisoni sp. nov. 15, ovipositor, left lateral view; 16, sternite 8 with hypovalvae, ventral view; 17, sternite 9, dorsal view; 18, furca, dorsal view; 19, bursa copulatrix, dorsal view; 20, spermatheca. Abbreviations: bp sd, basal part of spermathecal duct; cds, cul-de-sac of bursa copulatrix; c, cerci; h, hypovalvae; s8, sternite 8; t10, tergite 10. Scale a: 15 = 1 mm; b: 16–20 = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 41–50. Male terminalia of Tipula (Vestiplex) tanycera. 41, hypopygium, dorsal view; 42, hypopygium, lateral view; 43, epandrium, dorsal view; 44, left gonocoxite, lateral view; 45, left outer gonostylus; 46, left inner gonostylus, lateral view; 47, aedeagal guide, lateral view; 48, gonocoxal fragment, dorsal view; 49, sperm pump, dorsal view; 50, distal part of intromittent organ, lateral view. Abbreviations: mt, mid-dorsal tooth of inner gonostylus; pt, posterolateral tooth of epandrium. Scale a: 41, 42 = 0.5 mm; b: 43–49 = 0.5 mm; c: 50 = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 51–56. Female terminalia of Tipula (Vestiplex) tanycera. 51, ovipositor, left lateral view; 52, sternite 8 with hypovalvae, ventral view; 53, sternite 9, dorsal view; 54, furca, dorsal view; 55, bursa copulatrix, dorsal view; 56, spermatheca. Abbreviation: cds, cul-de-sac of bursa copulatrix. Scale a: 50 = 1 mm; b: 51–54 = 0.5 mm.