Okanopteryx Archibald & Cannings, 2021

Archibald, Bruce, Cannings, Robert A., Erickson, Robert J., Bybee, Seth M. & Mathewes, Rolf W., 2021, The Cephalozygoptera, a new, extinct suborder of Odonata with new taxa from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America, Zootaxa 4934 (1), pp. 1-133 : 75-76

Okanopteryx Archibald & Cannings , new genus

Figs. 44–60 .

Diagnosis. Wings separated from other genera of Dysagrioninae by a combination of pterostigma 2.5 times longer than wide [separated from Okanagrion : 3–3.5, rarely 4 times; Stenodiafanus : almost 4; Phenacolestes : 4.5–5; Furagrion : 3; Primorilestes : 3.5; Dysagrion : 3–7.5; Dysagrionites species: unknown]; with oblique brace vein [separated from Okanagrion , Phenacolestes , Primorilestes ; not separated from Dysagrion , Furagrion , Stenodiafanus : present; unknown in Electrophenacolestes , Dysagrionites as wing region not preserved]; costal space 2 cells wide distal to pterostigma [distinct from Dysagrion , Furagrion , Phenacolestes : all 1; Okanagrion : 3–5; shared by Primorilestes , Stenodiafanus : both 2; Electrophenacolestes , Dysagrionites species: not known by preservation]; subnodus with normal obliquity [separated from Dysagrion : reversed obliquity; all others: normal obliquity, slight to notable]; no accessory antenodal crossveins [distinct from Phenacolestes , Electrophenacolestes , some Dysagrion species: with; not separated from others: also without]; IR2 origin rather evenly between RP1-2, RP3-4, connected to RP1- 2, RP3-4 at similar level [ Dysagrion : between RP1-2, RP3-4, closer to RP3-4, connected with RP1-2 distinctly more distally than to RP3-4; other genera as in Okanopteryx , except some Okanagrion species: IR2 origin close to or on RP1-2]; MA linear to mid-wing, somewhat to strongly zigzagged to margin [separated from Okanagrion: MA linear or only slightly zigzagged from quadrangle to margin; Primorilestes: MA not zigzagged; Dysagrion: MA linear from quadrangle to zigzagged roughly mid-wing or further, linear again near, to margin; Furagrion : similar to Dysagrion (but deeply curved distally); Phenacolestes : very slightly zigzagged or not in mid-portion; not separated from Stenodiafanus , Dysagrionites species (known portions, none known to margin): also linear to midwing, somewhat to strongly zigzagged to margin]; MA, MP close at margin (difficult to be sure of exact identity of MA near margin by strong zigzag) [distinct from Okanagrion , Furagrion , Primorilestes , Electrophenacolestes: MA, MP widely separated; not distinct from Dysagrion : 1–2 cells apart at margin; not distinct from Stenodiafanus : also identity of MA near margin unsure by strong zigzag, but close, probably separated by two cells; Dysagrionites species: also difficult, perhaps one cell]; CuA increasingly zigzagged from to about mid-wing to strongly near margin [distinct from Electrophenacolestes , Primorilestes , Okanagrion : linear or very slightly zigzagged; Furagrion : slightly zigzagged distal to level of origin of RP2; Phenacolestes : slightly zigzagged in parts; not distinct from Stenodiafanus : zigzagged to various degrees distal to about mid-wing; from Dysagrion : increasingly zigzagged distal to level of nodus; or from Dysagrionites species as known, but distal portions not preserved]; further from Okanagrion by wing apical region with less dense crossvenation; distinct from all other Dysagrionidae genera except Okanopteryx by RA, RP1, IR1, RP2 distinctly converge, almost meeting at apex; postnodal, postsubnodal crossveins mostly aligned at least in proximal half [distinct from Phenacolestes , Primorilestes madseni , Dysagrion : all not; not separated from Stenodiafanus , Primorilestes violetae , Electrophenacolestes , Furagrion ]; further from Primorilestes by no intercalary vein in CuA–A space. Separated from Valerea (tentative Dysagrioninae ) by no linear supplementary sector between RP1, IR1 [ Valerea : with such sector]; costal space 2 cells wide distal to pterostigma [ Valerea : maximum 5]; origins of IR1, RP2 further from nodus; origin of IR2 between RP1-2, RP3-4 [IR2 origin not preserved, only preserved to level of nodus, where it is closer to RP3-4]. Most easily separated from fossil genera regarded here as possible Dysagrionidae as follows: from Thanetophilosina by no linear sectors between RP1, IR1, between IR1, RP2 [ Thanetophilosina : with], by pterostigma 2.5 times longer than wide [about 6]; from Chickaloon specimen ( Garrouste & Nel 2019) by CuA becoming zigzagged mid-wing to margin [linear in all preserved portion to near margin]; from NHMUK I.9866/I.9718 by origin of RP3-4 [distinctly closer to subnodus: subnodus to anterio-distal corner of quadrangle about 4.5 times distance to origin of RP3-4]; from cf. Dysagrionidae genus A, species A (“ Megapodagrionidae ” genus A, species A of Petrulevičius et al. 2008) by colouration [preserved portion infuscate except apex distal to pterostigma], MA, CuA zigzagged in distal portion to margin [linear].

Okanopteryx males also separated from those of other Dysagrioninae genera by colouration, mostly hyaline with broad, dark fascia across mid-wing from level of nodus to just apical to mid-distance between nodus, pterostigma (see discussion, below).

Type and included species. Type species: Okanopteryx macabeensis ; other included species: Okanopteryx jeppesenorum , and Okanopteryx fraseri .

Description. Wing. RA terminates on margin at or posterior to apex. MP, RP3-4, IR2 rather straight (at most very gently curved in part except at very base); IR1 almost straight, slightly zigzagged to origin; pterostigma stout for Dysagrionidae (length 2.5 times width), subtending 2.5 cells (but pterostigma not known in O. fraseri ).

Etymology. The genus name is a toponym formed from Okan- from “Okanagan Highlands” and the Greek πτέρυξ, pteryx, meaning wing. Gender feminine.

Range and age. Okanagan Highlands localities of McAbee, BC, Canada and the Klondike Mountain Formation, at Republic, Washington, USA; second half of the Ypresian.

Discussion. We describe 22 specimens of three species of Okanopteryx : six of O. jeppesenorum , five of O. fraseri , four of O. macabeensis , and seven unassigned to species. Colouration is consistent throughout all 22 specimens (in a few poorly preserved). We know that paratype 1 of O. macabeensis is a male. As in O. hobani , although we expect that the chances that there are only males in this collection seem small, this could be true. We, therefore, conservatively treat this wing patterning as male, with female colouration unknown.

Figures

FIGURE 44. Okanopteryx jeppesenorum holotype, SR 13-005-013. A, photograph of part SR 13-005-013A; B, photograph of counterpart SR 13-005-013B; C, drawing from part and counterpart.All to scale, 5 mm

FIGURE 45. Okanopteryx jeppesenorum paratype 1, SR 11-43-09. A, photograph; B, drawing. Both to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 46. Okanopteryx jeppesenorum paratype 2, SR 18-002-001. A, photograph; B, drawing. Both to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 47. Okanopteryx jeppesenorum paratype 5, SR 07-22-05. A, photograph; B, drawing; paratype 3, SR 15-003-001: C, photograph; D, drawing. All to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 48. Okanopteryx jeppesenorum paratype 4, SR 02-32-23. A, photograph; B, drawing; paratype 6, SR 19-005-002: C, photograph; D, drawing. All to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 49. Okanopteryx fraseri holotype, GSC 141104/F-778. A, photograph of entire specimen (part: GSC 141104); B, drawing of wing. Both to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 50. Okanopteryx fraseri paratype 1, RBCM P1551. A, photograph; B, drawing. Both to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 51. Okanopteryx fraseri paratype 3, PB-4157. A, photograph; B, drawing; paratype 2, F-1091: C, photograph; D, drawing.All to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 52. Okanopteryx fraseri paratype 5, RBCM P1552. A, photograph; B, drawing; paratype 4, F-1045: C, photograph; D, drawing. All to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 53. Okanopteryx macabeensis holotype, GSC 141100: A, photograph; B, drawing. Paratype 4: RBCM 3087: C, photograph; D, drawing. All to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 54. Okanopteryx macabeensis paratype 1, GSC 141101. A, photograph of specimen; B close-up photograph of male anal appendages; C, drawing of male anal appendages labelling abdominal segments 8–10 and indicating paraprocts (red) and cerci (green). A, to 5mm scale, B, C, to 3 mm scale.

FIGURE 55. Okanopteryx macabeensis and O. fraseri. A, O. macabeensis paratype 1, drawing of body; B, holotype O. fraseri drawing of body; abdominal segments labelled; C–F, wings of O. macabeensis paratype 1. A, B and C–F to scales, 5 mm.

FIGURE 56. Okanopteryx macabeensis paratype 2, F-790. A, labelled drawing of wing; B, drawing of specimen; C, photograph of specimen. A to scale, B, C to scale, both scales 5 mm.

FIGURE 57. Okanopteryx macabeensis paratype 3, GSC 141102. A, photograph of specimen; B, drawing of upper wing in A, (vertically inverted for anterior margin on top); C, drawing of bottom wing in A. All to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 58. Okanopteryx incertae sedis. F-1046: A, photograph; B, drawing; SRUI 99-72-96: C, photograph; D, drawing; SRUI 99-97-44: E, photograph; F, drawing. All to scale, 5 mm.

FIGURE 59. Okanopteryx incertae sedis, A–D, and Cephalozygoptera incertae sedis, E. GSC 141103:A, photograph; B, drawing; SR 13-005-015: C, photograph; D, drawing; E, photograph SR 14-003-004. A–D to scale, E to scale, scale bars are 5 mm.

FIGURE 60. Okanopteryx incertae sedis. UWBM-72324:A, photograph; B, drawing; RBCM P1553: C, photograph; D, drawing. All to scale, 5 mm.