Cautires, Waterhouse, 1879
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2016.219 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:638FB522-533A-4EF7-9582-2E0ADF798777 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853393 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487FE-F035-FFCF-FF37-A451FAD0FE45 |
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treatment provided by |
Valdenar |
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scientific name |
Cautires |
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Key to males of Cautires from the Malay Peninsula
1. Pronotum with three areolae, i.e., only median longitudinal keel present in pronotum with narrow areola embedded in posterior part (species group C. obsoletus ) ………………………2
– Pronotum with more than three areolae, i.e. postero- and antero-lateral ridges developed in pronotum, either of them can be vestigial, but always at least some part remains apparent ( Cautires sensu Kleine, 1933 ) ………………………………………………………………………………………11
2. Pronotum wide, flat, with very slender median areola in basal half of median keel …………………3
– Pronotum narrow frontally, without wide lateral areolae, median areola slightly wider, usually longer than frontal keel ……………………………………………………………………………………4
3. Only basal part of elytral costae brightly red coloured, phallus slender ……………………………… …………………………………………………………………… C. pauperulus (Bourgeois, 1883)
– Basal two thirds of elytra light brown, phallus widened apically … C. malayensis (Kleine, 1930)
4. Whole elytra uniformly black ……………………………………………………………………5
– At least humeral part of elytral costae with bright red or orange pubescence or variable humeral part of elytra brightly coloured ……………………………………………………………………6
5. Phallus parallel-sided, without any extended part ……… C. parallelus Jiruskova & Bocak, 2015 – Phallus widest in apical fourth ………………………………………… C. imitator (Kleine, 1930)
6. The maximum eye diameter 1.2–1.3 larger than interocular distance …………………………7 – The maximum eye diameter small, 0.6–0.9 times their interocular distance ……………………9
7. Phallus very slender, widest in middle part, apical two-fifths parallel-sided, lamella of antennomere 5 about twice longer than its stem ………………………………………… C. coccineus (Kleine, 1930) – Phallus widest in apical third, apical part gradually narrower to apex …………………………8
8. Lamella of antennomere 5 about twice longer than its stem, apex of phallus rounded ……………… …………………………………………………………… C. paraimitator Jiruskova & Bocak, 2015
– Lamella of antennomere 5 about 1.5 times longer than its stem, apex of phallus pointed ………… …………………………………………………………… C. tanahratensis Jiruskova & Bocak, 2015
9. Antennomere 5 with lamella about twice longer than its stem, elytral costae with bright pubescence in whole length ……………………………………… C. nebulosus ( Kleine, 1930b)
– Antennomere 5 with lamella at most 1.5 times longer than its stem, elytral costae with bright pubescence at most in humeral half ………………………………………………………………10
10. Phallus widest in middle part …………………………… C. tapahensis Jiruskova & Bocak, 2015 – Phallus widest in apical third …………………………………………… C. indus ( Kirsch, 1875)
11. Whole elytra uniformly black ……………………………………………………………………12 – At least humeral part of elytral costae with bright red or orange pubescence or variable humeral part of elytra brightly coloured ……………………………………………………………………21
12. The maximum eye diameter 1.1 times larger than interocular distance.…… C. linardi sp. nov. – The maximum eye diameter 0.4–0.95 times interocular distance ……………………………13
13. Male antennomeres 3 and 4 with slender basal part of their lamellae, lamella attached to basal part of antennomere ( Figs 10, 12 View Figs 2–20 ) ………………………………………………………………14
– Male antennomere 3 and 4 with basally robust lamella, lamella attached to middle or apical part of antennomere ( Figs 4, 6, 8, 15, 17, 20 View Figs 2–20 ) ………………………………………………………16
14. Antennomere3with lamella about 1.5times longer than stem of antennomere, phallus relatively robust, pointed at apex, 6.7 times longer than wide at widest point ( Fig. 78 View Figs 59–78 ) …… C. tenebricus (Kleine, 1930)
– Antennomere 3 with lamella twice or more longer than stem of antennomere ( Figs 10, 12 View Figs 2–20 ), if phallus pointed at apex then very slender, nine times longer than wide at widest point ( Fig. 68 View Figs 59–78 ) ………15
15. The apex of phallus widely rounded, antennomere 3 with its lamella three times longer than stem of antennomere ( Fig. 10 View Figs 2–20 ) …………………………………………………… C. jasarensis sp. nov.
– The apex of phallus acutely pointed, antennomere 3 with its lamella about twice longer than stem of antennomere ( Fig. 12 View Figs 2–20 ) ……………………………………………… C. kirstenae sp. nov.
16. Phallus parallel-sided and very slender, at least nine times longer than width in widest part ( Figs 62, 64 View Figs 59–78 ) …………………………………………………………………………………………………17 – Phallus relatively robust, often widened in some part ( Figs 60, 71, 73, 76 View Figs 59–78 ) ……………………18
17. Phallus extremely slender, almost parallel-sided in apical part, antennomere 3 triangular, without slender lamella ( Fig. 6 View Figs 2–20 ) …………………………………………………… C. berembanensis sp. nov.
– Phallus slender, gradually narrowed in apical part ( Fig. 64 View Figs 59–78 ), antennomere 3 withlamella about twice longer than stem of antennomere ( Fig. 8 View Figs 2–20 ) …………………………………… C. communis sp. nov.
18. Maximum eye diameter about 0.9 times interocular distance ……………………………………19 – Maximum eye diameter 0.5–0.8 times interocular distance ………………………………………20
19. Basal part of phallus considerably slenderer than apical half ( Fig. 60 View Figs 59–78 ) ……… C. andujari sp. nov. – Basal part of phallus only slightly slenderer than apical half ( Fig. 76 View Figs 59–78 ) … C. simillimus Kleine, 1926
20. Maximum diameter of eyes about 0.7–0.8 times larger than interocular distance, the phallus very wide in apical half ( Fig. 71 View Figs 59–78 ) …………………………………………… C. maseki sp. nov.
– Maximum diameter of eyes about 0.5–0.6 times larger than interocular distance, the phallus moderately wide in apical half ( Fig. 73 View Figs 59–78 ) …………………………………… C. nervosus Kleine, 1926
21. Maximum eye diameter equal or larger than interocular distance ………………………………22 – Maximum eye diameter 0.7 times interocular distance ………………………… C. alexae sp. nov.
22. Maximum diameter of eyes equal or up to 1.4 times interocular distance ……………………23 – Maximum diameter of eyes extremely large, more than 1.6 times interocular distance, phallus moderately robust, parallel-sided ( Fig. 65 View Figs 59–78 )………………………………… C. griseus Kleine, 1930
23. Pronotum as wide as long at midline, phallus slender, gradually narrower from widest part at two fifths of its length to base and apex ( Fig. 77 View Figs 59–78 ) ………………………… C. selangorensis Kleine, 1930
– Pronotum at least 1.1 times wider than long at midline, in most species 1.3–1.4 times wider, phallus robust, parallel-sided or wide part spoon-shaped …………………………………………24
24. Maximum eye diameter smaller than 1.2 times interocular distance ……………………………25 – Maximum eye diameter larger than 1.25 times interocular distance ………………………………27
25. Male antennomeres 3 and 4 with slender basal part of lamella, lamella attached to basal part of antennomere ( Fig. 7 View Figs 2–20 ) ………………………………………………………… C. campestris sp. nov.
– Male antennomeres 3 and 4 with basally robust lamella, lamella short, about 1.5 times length of antennomere stem ( Figs 13, 17 View Figs 2–20 ) …………………………………………………………………26
26. Parallel-sided part of phallus occupies lightly more than basal half of its length …………… …………………………………………………………………………… C. kotatinggensis sp. nov.
– Parallel-sided part of phallus occupies about one basal third of its length, phallus slender ………… ……………………………………………………………………………… C. pahangensis sp. nov.
27. Lamella of antennomere 3 shorter than 1.3 times stem of antennomere, phallus slender in basal two thirds, widened apical part almost twice wider than basal part of phallus, widest close to mid of phallic length ……………………………………………………… C. arribasae sp. nov.
– Lamella of antennomere 3 at least 1.5 longer than stem of antennomere, phallus slender in basal third, or gradually widened from base to middle part ( Figs 67, 74–75 View Figs 59–78 ) …………………………28
28. Phallus gradually widened from base to middle part, with obtuse apex ( Fig. 67 View Figs 59–78 ) … C. katarinae sp. nov. – Phallus almost parallel sided at least in basal quarter of its length, with slender apex ( Figs 74–75 View Figs 59–78 ) …29
29. Phallus slightly constricted in middle of widest part …………………………… C. renatae sp. nov. – Phallus widest in middle of widened part ( Fig. 75 View Figs 59–78 ) ………………………… C. reverandi Pic, 1925
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