Cipomyia totofusca Norrbom & Prado

Norrbom, Allen L. & Prado, Paulo Inácio, 2006, New genera and host plant records of Asteraceae­feeding Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil, Zootaxa 1139, pp. 1-17 : 4-7

Cipomyia totofusca Norrbom & Prado , new species

Figs. 1 , 4–10 .

" Acrotaeniini n. gen. 2 sp.1”: Prado & Lewinsohn 2004: 1173.

Description

Length 3.5–4.5 mm; wing length 3.7–4.3 mm; mesonotum length 1.70–1.95 mm.

Head: Mostly yellow to orange, with large dark brown area on occiput and postgena. Genal height less than 0.1 times long diameter of eye. Eye 0.5–0.65 times as long as high (shortest vs. longest diameter). Face with narrow, weak carina. Frons narrow, as broad as eye in dorsal view; with 3 frontal setae yellow, acuminate; anterior orbital seta yellow, posterior seta brown; ocellar seta yellow, about as long as frontal setae. 1–2 genal setae and numerous genal setulae brown. Facial ridge with 2–3 rows of minute, pale brown, acuminate setulae. Antenna short, first flagellomere slightly longer than pedicel, 1.6 times as long as wide, rounded apically; arista pale brown, bare. Labella capitate; palpus moderately stout, slightly dorsally curved.

Thorax: Largely dark brown and entirely microtrichose; scutum, except extreme lateral and posterior margins, and middle of anepisternum densely gray microtrichose. Scutal setulae all whitish, slightly lanceolate, nearly evenly distributed. Scutellum relatively flat, with whitish setulae evenly distributed on disk. Postpronotal setulae brown, acuminate except for 2 slightly longer, white, lanceolate setulae laterally. Proepisternum with vertical row of 3–4 white lanceolate setulae and several smaller brown acuminate setulae ventrally. Anepisternal, katepisternal, and anepimeral setulae brown, acuminate.

Legs: Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown; tibiae and tarsi yellow.

Abdomen: Entirely brown, and entirely moderately microtrichose. Setulae brown, acuminate.

Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus simple, short, in lateral view ( Fig. 6 ) without posterodorsal lobe, in posterior view ( Fig. 4 ) nearly forming oval with epandrium, apex mesally curved. Glans ( Figs. 9–10 ) relatively stout, mostly sclerotized, with 2 membranous apical lobes, one tapering and with row of tooth­like spines, the other broad, extending laterally, and ending in fringe of tooth­like spines; acrophallus relatively stout, apical half slanted in dorsal view, and basal half fused to outer sclerotized sheath laterally.

Female terminalia: Oviscape 1.5 mm long, 0.77 times as long as mesonotum, dark brown, with short, slender, brown acuminate setulae. Aculeus ( Fig. 7 ) 0.80 mm long, 0.24 mm wide, moderately stout, tip ( Fig. 8 ) slightly ventrally curved, thicker medially than laterally, broadly triangular, lateral margins gradually tapering to blunt apex. Spermathecae elongate ovoid.

Biology

In an extensive survey of flowerhead Tephritidae (see notes on Lewinsohnia magna ) this species was reared from flowerheads of Eremanthus elaeagnus (Mart. ex DC.) Sch. Bip., E. glomerulatus Less. , E. incanus Less. , Lychnophora diamantinana Coile & S.B. Jones , L. villosissima Mart. , L. ericoides Mart. and at least one other unidentified species of Lychnophora . Eremanthus Less. and Lychnophora Mart. are the two largest genera in the Lychnophorinae, a subtribe of Vernonieae ( Asteraceae ) that is restricted to the Brazilian Plateau ( Robinson 1999). The highest diversity of these genera is in the “campo rupestre” (grasslands in shallow rocky soils above 1,000 m in the mountain ranges of central Brazil), but many species reach the contiguous “cerrado” vegetation (savanna­like grasslands and scrublands at lower altitudes). Cipomyia totofusca was reared from flowerheads from all areas of campo rupestre in Minas Gerais state sampled by Prado et al. (2002), except in Serra do Cabral, the westernmost site (17°43’S 44°44’W). However, the specimens from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso state and from Batatais, northern São Paulo state, show that like some of its host plants this fly species occurs in cerrado areas. Additional sampling in cerrado and campo rupestre sites (Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Goiás and Bahia states) is needed to determine the full geographic range of C. totofusca , but it is reasonable to suppose that it is a specialist on Lychnophorinae, and thus is restricted to the Brazilian Central Plateau.

Distribution

Brazil (Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo).

ex capitula Eremanthus glomerulatus ]. Paratypes: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Diamantina, São João da Chapada, Serra da Guiné, 18°06.06’S 43°44.08’W, 0 7 Sep 1996, T. Lewinsohn, P. Prado, A. Santos, J. Silva, PIC96676, [reared ex capitula of Lychnophora sp.], 3ɗ1Ψ (ZUEC); same, PIC96678, [reared ex capitula of Lychnophora villosissima ], 2ɗ (ZUEC); same, PIC96679, [reared ex capitula of Lychnophora diamantinana ], 2ɗ1Ψ (ZUEC); Grão Mogol, Trilha da Tropa, 16°33’S 42°54’W, 0 5 Sep 1996, P. Prado, A. Santos, PIC96649, [reared ex capitula of Eremanthus incanus ], 1ɗ (ZUEC); Grão Mogol, Vale do Rio Itacambiruu, 16°36.01’S 42°57.22’W, 0 5 Sep 1996, T. Lewinsohn, J.C. Silva, PIC96643, [reared ex capitula of Eremanthus incanus ], 1ɗ (ZUEC); Joaquim Felcio, Serra do Cabral, cerrado, 17°43.80’S 44°11.20’W, 19 Jul 1995, P. Prado & T. Lewinsohn, PIC95330, [reared ex capitula of Eremanthus aff. glomerulatus ], 1ɗ (ZUEC); Ouro Branco, Serra do Ouro Branco, 2030.23’S 4338.78’W, 28 Jul 1995, P. Prado, T. Lewinsohn, B. Buys, V. Motta, PIC95487, [reared ex capitula of Eremanthus glomerulatus ], 1Ψ (ZUEC); same, 2030.38’S 4338.09’W, 12 Sep 1996, T. Lewinsohn, P. Prado, A. Santos, J. Silva, PIC96806, [reared ex capitula of Lychnophora ericoides ], 1 (ZUEC); Ouro Prêto, ruisseau et maquis [river and dry scrub vegetation], st. 2, 27–29 Apr 1993, C. Dufour & J.­P. Haenni, 1Ψ (MHNG USNMENT00212908); Serra do Cipó [Chapéu do Sol, 19°17.95’S 43°36.14’W], [reared ex capitula] Eremanthus [ glomerulatus ], 16 Jul 1989, P. Prado col. 50, 4ɗ1Ψ (ZUEC), 1Ψ (USNM USNME NT00213204); same, [reared ex capitula] Eremanthus [sp.], 10 Aug 1989, col. 56, 1ɗ1Ψ (USNM USNMENT00213202­03); Serra do Cipó [Estrada da Usina, 19°17.51’S 43°36.04’W], [reared ex capitula] Eremanthus [ elaeagnus ], 17 Aug 1989, P. Prado, col. 89, 3ɗ (ZUEC); Serra do Cipó [Estrada da Usina, 19°17.51’S 43°36.04’W], [reared ex capitula] Eremanthus [ glomerulatus ], 14 May 1993, P. Prado, V. Solferini & T. Lewinsohn, col. 657, 1ɗ (ZUEC); same, 14 Jul 1994, P. Prado, V. Solferini & P. Orlandi, col.733 [reared ex capitula Eremanthus glomerulatus ] 4ɗ3Ψ (ZUEC); same, Estrada da Usina, 19°17.25’S 43°35.92’W, 27 Jul 1995, P. Prado, T. Lewinsohn, B. Buys, V. Motta, PIC95469, [reared ex capitula of Eremanthus glomerulatus ], 1ɗ (ZUEC). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães [15°26’S 55°45’W], [1882­86, H. H. Smith], 1ɗ (AMNH USNMENT00213199). São Paulo: Batatais [20°53’S 47°35’W], Mar 1943, A. Stafuzza, 2ɗ (MZUSP USNMENT00213200­01); Batatais, Sep 1946, P. Pereira, 1Ψ (MZUSP USNMENT00213198).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 3. Wings: 1, Cipomyia totofusca; 2, Eutretopsis albipunctata; and Lewinsohnia magna.

FIGURES 4 – 10. Cipomyia totofusca, male and female terminalia: 4, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 5, base of phallus, phallapodeme, and hypandrium, ventral; 6, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and base of phallus, lateral; 7, aculeus, ventral; 8, aculeus tip, ventral; 9, glans, lateral; 10, glans, dorsal.