Ammophila W. KIRBY, 1798

Dollfuss, Hermann, 2015, Revision of the wasp genus Ammophila KIRBY, 1798 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Sub-Saharan Region of Africa, Linzer biologische Beiträge 47 (1), pp. 307-412 : 309-313

Key to Sub-Saharan species of Ammophila W. KIRBY, 1798

Females

Unknown and not included: A. africana , A. arnoldi , A. bispinosa , A. centroafricana , A. kenyensis , A. longiclypeata , A. malickyi , A. nigri , A. nigrifrons , A. pseudodolichodera , A. zambiensis .

1 Forewing with two submarginal cells (Note: in some specimens of A. gracillima and A. dolichodera crossvein 1 r-m is lost, resulting in two submarginal cells. If mesothoracic venter produced anteriorly go to couplet 7 and if pronotal collar elongate, not transversely striate and scutum with coarse transverse rugae, as in Fig. 103 , go to couplet 23)..........................................................................................................................2

- Forewing with three submarginal cells................................................................................6

2 Anterior angles of pronotal collar elevate to form obliquely truncated tubercles ( Fig. 119 ). Scutellum and metanotum distinctly elevate and tuberculate medially (Figs 528, 529). Pronotal collar characteristically shaped in lateral view: Fig. 83. 21- 22 mm. Kenya, Namibia................................................................... A. tuberculiscutis (R. TURNER)

- Anterior angles of pronotal collar rounded and not distinctly tuberculate laterally. Scutellum slightly and metanotum more distinctly tuberculate medially (Fig. 530) or scutellum and metanotum not elevate. Pronotal collar differently shaped in lateral view ( Figs 84, 85, 86 )..................................................................................................................3

3 Pronotal collar finely transversely striate ( Figs 86 , 122 ). Episternal sulcus extends to anteroventral margin of mesopleuron. Propodeum dorsolaterally with reddish-brown patch. 17.5 mm. Namibia................................................ A. namibiensis DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

- Pronotal collar and scutum coarsely transversely ridged ( Figs 84, 85 ). Episternal sulcus ends at level of scrobe. Propodeum dorsolaterally black....................................................4

4 Scutellum slightly, metanotum more distinctly tuberculate medially (Fig. 530). Mesopleuron clearly punctate (punctures 0-2 diameters apart). Pronotal collar: Figs 84 , 120. 17.5-22 mm. Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe..... ................................................................................................... A. saussurei (du BUYSSON)

- Scutellum and metanotum not elevate medially. Mesopleuron irregularly transversely rugose and more or less punctate........................................................................................5

5 Mesopleuron irregularly transversely rugose and coarsely punctate. Scutum anteromedially with triangular patch of golden appressed setae ( Fig. 121 ). Larger specimens: 24 mm. Central African Republic, Uganda. A. crassifemoralis (R. TURNER)

- Mesopleuron irregularly, finely, transversely rugose. Scutum anteromedially without triangular patch of golden appressed setae. Smaller specimens: 15-18 mm. Algeria, Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Israel, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Morocco, Niger, Syria....................... .............................................................................................................. A. theryi (GRIBODO)

6 Pronotal collar more or less transversely striato-rugose. Episternal sulcus ends at level of scrobe..............................................................................................................................7

- Pronotal collar smooth or punctured, without rugae. Episternal sulcus ends at level of scrobe or extends to anteroventral margin of mesopleuron...............................................13

7 Mesothoracic venter anteriorly produced and concave for reception of forecoxa, depression margined by carina that forms in most specimens two distinct lobes. Pronotal collar elongate, covered by coarse transverse rugae ( Figs 88 , 126 ). Head, thorax and propodeum laterally covered with dense appressed silvery setae. Clypeus nearly flat, with straight foremargin ( Figs 16 , 52 ). 16-19 mm. Ethiopia, Sudan, North Africa, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Syria, Central Asia, China, India............................................. ................................................................................................. A. gracillima TASCHENBERG

- Mesothoracic venter anteriorly not distinctly produced, rounded. Pronotal collar and clypeus differently shaped. Appressed silvery setae varying..............................................8

8 Anterior border of pronotal collar distinctly marginate, forming sharp angle with almost vertical anterior surface ( Figs 87 , 89 , 125, 127 ). Arolia absent...............................9

- Anterior border of pronotal collar slightly rounded, anterior face more obliquely in lateral view ( Figs 91, 94 ). Arolia present or absent...........................................................10

9 Dorsal surface of pronotal collar with not more than three straight, more or less complete transverse carinae, medially not elevate ( Figs 87 , 125 ). Propodeal enclosure irregularly reticulate medially, transversely ridged laterally. Large specimens: 28-36 mm. Benin, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe....................... ....................................................................................................... A. vulcania du BUYSSON

- Dorsal surface of pronotal collar with more than three transverse carinae and medially slightly elevate ( Figs 89 , 127 ). Propodeal enclosure all transversely striate. Smaller specimens: 26-28.5 mm. Central African Republic, Ivory Coast, Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda.......................................................................... A. clypeolineata DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

10 Arolia absent. Gastral apex with metallic shine. Pronotal collar not elongate ( Figs 123, 124 )...................................................................................................................................11

- Arolia present. Gastral apex without metallic shine or with slight one. Pronotal collar elongate ( Figs 128, 129 )....................................................................................................12

11 Thorax with at least traces of reddish-brown collar. Dorsal surface of pronotal collar as long medially as laterally ( Fig. 123 ). Gastral apex pruinose. 19-31 mm. Widely distributed and fairly abundant................................. A. beniniensis (PALISOT de BEAUVOIS)

- Thorax entirely black. Dorsal face of pronotal collar shorter medially than laterally ( Fig. 124 ). Gastral apex in most specimens not pruinose. 27-34 mm. Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe....... ................................................................................................................ A. calva (ARNOLD)

12 Pronotal collar coarsely transversely striate (5-7 striae more or less interrupted medially, space between them shiny, not pruinose), marginated anteriorly ( Figs 92 , 128 ). Median lobe of clypeus with lateral teeth ( Fig. 21 ). Pronotal collar reddishbrown. Gastral apex with slight metallic shine. 19-23.5 mm. Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe............. ..................................................................................................... A. bechuana (R. TURNER)

- Pronotal collar finely transversely striate (10-11 striae), pruinose ( Figs 94 , 129 ). Median lobe of clypeus without lateral teeth ( Fig. 22 ). Pronotal collar black or reddishbrown. Gastral apex black. 17.5-20 mm. Namibia, South Africa........ A. braunsi (R. TURNER)

13 Gastral apex with metallic shine. 17-20 mm. Chad, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Kenya, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Yemen.................................... A. dubia KOHL

- Gastral apex without metallic shine..................................................................................14

14 Ventral part of clypeus elongate, abruptly truncate in front, with sharp angle to lateral margins, these in many specimens concave ( Figs 23, 24 ).................................................15

- Ventral margin of clypeus convex, or if slightly truncate then not sharply angular on each side of median lobe and lateral margins not concave................................................16

15 Scutum transversely striate and punctate between striae. Clypeus: Fig. 23 . Large specimens: 26-33 mm. Widely distributed in Africa and western Asia................................. .............................................................................................................. A. insignis F. SMITH

- Scutum transversely striate, without punctures. Clypeus: Fig. 24 . Smaller specimens: 18.5 mm. South Africa (Kalahari desert) ................................ A. snizeki DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

16 Pronotal collar dorsally elevate to form prominent median tubercle or distinctly trituberculate ( Figs 133-136 ).............................................................................................17

- Pronotal collar not tuberculate dorsally.............................................................................22

17 Pronotal collar smooth, excavated in front of each side of midpoint, appearing bluntly trituberculate when viewed from above, shoulders forming additional tubercles ( ARNOLD 1928: 269) ( Fig. 133 ). 20-28 mm. South Africa............. A. peringueyi (ARNOLD)

- Pronotal collar not distinctly trituberculate.......................................................................18

18 Episternal sulcus ends at level of scrobe. Scutum dull and sparsely punctate to nearly impunctate. Pronotal collar distinctly elevate and in most specimens with longitudinal furrow dorsally ( Figs 136 , 524 ). 17.5-20.5 mm. Namibia.......... A. kohli DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

- Episternal sulcus extends to anteroventral margin of mesopleuron. Scutum distinctly transversely striate and punctate or dull and finely transversely striate laterally. Pronotal collar more or less elevate dorsally.....................................................................19

19 Pronotal collar distinctly elevate dorsomedially ( Figs 522, 523 ). Scutum distinctly transversely striate and punctate.......................................................................................20

- Pronotal collar slightly elevate dorsomedially and anterior face slightly concave on each side of midpoint ( Figs 525 , 138 ). Scutum dull, finely, sparsely punctate and finely transversely striate laterally...............................................................................................21

20 Pronotal collar impunctate or at most finely, sparsely punctate ( Figs 134 , 522 ). 20.5- 23.5 mm. Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe A. conifera (ARNOLD)

- Pronotal collar distinctly coarsely punctate ( Figs 135 , 523 ). 21-23 mm. South Africa......... ................................................................................................ A. turneri DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

21 Pronotal collar impunctate, anterior face oblique ( Figs 101 , 525 ). Clypeus distinctly elongate ( Fig. 30 ). Sterna III-V in most specimens reddish-brown. 19-28 mm. Namibia, Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe............................. A. dolichocephala CAMERON

- Anterior face of pronotal collar nearly vertical ( Fig. 102 ). Clypeus slightly elongate ( Fig. 29 ). Sterna III-V black. 21 mm. Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania........ A. barbarorum ARNOLD

22 Scutum coarsely transversely rugose and without erect setae ( Fig. 139 ). Clypeus not elongate ( Fig. 31 ). Episternal sulcus ends at level of scrobe. Forecoxa with little tooth ventrally. Pronotal collar dull and more or less elongate ( Fig. 103 ).................................23

- Scutum differently shaped and in most specimens with erect setae. Clypeus more or less elongate. Episternal sulcus extends to anteroventral margin of mesopleuron. Forecoxa without little tooth ventrally. Pronotal collar not elongate................................24

23 Pronotal collar distinctly elongate and oblique in lateral view ( Figs 103 , 139 ). Mesopleuron more or less reddish-brown. 16-25 mm. Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe............................................................................................. A dolichodera KOHL

- Pronotal collar slightly elongate and nearly vertical anteriorly ( Figs 117 , 153 ). Mesopleuron black. 23-26 mm. Burkina Faso, Kenya, Namibia........................................... ............................................................................. A. pseudodolichodera DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

24 Head (except vertex), thorax and propodeum evenly covered with fine appressed silvery setae that obscure underlying sculpture (Note: in old specimens appressed setae on scutum disk may be destroyed, then integument shiny and finely punctate, punctures partly confluent). Pronotal collar reddish-brown. 20-24 mm. Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali.......................................................... A. schalleri DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

- At least scutum not covered with appressed silvery setae, underlying sculpture not obscured. Scutum clearly punctate or punctures on scutum laterally confluent or scutum transversely striate and more or less punctate or scutum microstriate. Pronotal collar black or reddish-brown...........................................................................................25

25 Scutum clearly punctate (punctures 0-2 diameters apart), punctures not confluent..........26

- Punctures on scutum laterally confluent or scutum all transversely striate and more or less punctate or microstriate.............................................................................................27

26 Pronotal collar and thorax laterally all black. 16.5-20.5 mm. Botswana, Namibia, South Africa (Kalahari) ............................................................................ A. kalaharica (ARNOLD)

- Pronotal collar reddish-brown, mesopleuron and propodeum laterally with reddishbrown spots. 19.5-22 mm. Mozambique, South Africa......................................................... ............................................................................... A. pseudokalaharica DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

27 Mesopleuron along mesopleural suture with dense appressed silvery setae, metapleuron without such setae or with distinctly more sparse ones................................28

- Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum laterally uniformly covered with more or less dense appressed silvery setae.....................................................................................31

28 Mesopleuron and propodeum laterally partly reddish-brown. 19-25 mm. South Africa....... ................................................................................. A.parapunctaticeps DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

- Mesopleuron and propodeum laterally black....................................................................29

29 Vertex and pronotal collar dull, nearly impunctate. Scutum distinctly transversely striate and punctate ( Fig. 143 ). Pronotal collar anteriorly oblique in lateral view ( Fig. 107 ). 20-21 mm. Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe........... ...................................................................................................... A. curvistriata CAMERON

- Vertex and pronotal collar more or less punctate. Scutum and pronotum varying............30

30 Pronotal collar black, shiny and distinctly punctate. Pronotal collar more vertical anteriorly in lateral view ( Fig. 110 ). Scutum coarsely, densely punctate and transversely rugose laterally. 17.5-23.5 mm. Angola, Cameroon, Kenya (Mt. Kenya 3000 m), Zambia....................................................................... A. zetteli DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

- Pronotal collar reddish-brown and slightly punctate. Pronotal collar more oblique anteriorly in lateral view ( Fig. 109 ). 19-26 mm. Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia..................................................................... A. fischeri DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

31 Pronotal collar distinctly punctate (0-1 diameter apart), punctures as large as on frons. Scutum densely punctate, punctures transversely confluent.............................................32

- Pronotal collar impunctate or at most finely punctate. Scutum finely transversely striate or densely punctate and transversely rugose or microstriate transversely.............33

32 Mesopleuron and propodeum laterally black. 21-23 mm. Ethiopia, Kenya (Mt. Kenya 3000 m), Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Zaire, Zimbabwe.................................................................................... A. punctaticeps (ARNOLD)

- Mesopleuron and propodeum laterally partly reddish-brown. 19-25 mm. South Africa....... ................................................................................ A. parapunctaticeps DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

33 Erect setae on head and pronotal collar as long as scape. Scutum densely, clearly punctate and transversely rugose. 24 mm. Angola, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Togo, Zambia.......................................... A. caprella ARNOLD

- Erect setae shorter. Scutum coarsely transversely striate and distinctly punctate or scutum dull and transversely microstriate.........................................................................34

34 Vertex and pronotal collar dull and impunctate. Scutum transversely microstriate and more or less finely striate. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum laterally covered with dense appressed silvery setae that more or less obscure underlying sculpture. Mesopleuron black. 15.5-23 mm. Botswana, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe..... .................................................................................................... A. argyrocephala ARNOLD

- Pronotal collar more or less shiny and more or less punctate. Scutum more or less shiny and more or less coarsely transversely striate and punctate. Mesopleuron black or with reddish-brown spots and covered with more or less dense appressed silvery setae..35

35 Thorax laterally black, covered in most specimens with dense appressed silvery setae that in many specimens obscure underlying sculpture. Vertex sparsely punctate, pronotal collar shiny and sparsely punctate (punctures 1-3 diameters apart). Scutum transversely striate and distinctly punctate ( Fig. 150 ). Clypeus: Fig. 42. 18.5-21 mm. South Africa............................................................................... A. ressli DOLLFUSS nov.sp.

- Thorax laterally black or with reddish-brown spots, covered with fine appressed silvery setae that not obscure underlying sculpture. Vertex and pronotal collar at most finely punctate. Scutum transversely striate and more or less punctate............................36

36 Thorax and propodeum with reddish-brown spots, not all black. 20-26 mm. Widely distributed. (Not all females can be separated from A. rubripes , when in doubt see males)........................................................................................... A. rubiginosa LEPELETIER

- Thorax and propodeum all black or with reddish-brown spots. 17.5-23.5 mm. Widely distributed ............................................................................................ A. rubripes SPINOLA

Figures

Figs 101-106: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 119-124: pronotal collar of female in dorsal view.

Figs 83-88: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 21-25: clypeus of female.

Figs 125-129: pronotal collar of female in dorsal view.

Figs 16-20: clypeus of female.

Figs 47-64: clypeus of female in lateral view.

Figs 89-94: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 130-135: pronotal collar of female in dorsal view.

Figs 136-143: pronotal collar of female in dorsal view.

Figs 522-527: pronotal collar in posterodorsal view.

Figs 26-31: clypeus of female.

Figs 113-118: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 150-154: pronotal collar of female in dorsal view.

Figs 107-112: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 38-43: clypeus of female.