Hypothenemus lunzi Atkinson and Flechtmann, 2021

Atkinson, Thomas H. & Flechtmann, Carlos A. H., 2021, New species, new records and synonymy of Brazilian species of Hypothenemus Westwood, 1834 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Insecta Mundi 2021 (846), pp. 1-33 : 11-16

Hypothenemus lunzi Atkinson and Flechtmann , new species

Fig. 6

Diagnosis. This remarkable species is unlike any other species known from the New World fauna. Like the previous three species it will key to couplet 10 in Wood’s 2007 key based on size and number of asperities on the anterior margin and anterior slope of the pronotum. It differs from all of these because of the asperate texture of the entire surface of the pronotum and elytra.

Female. Total length: 1.98 mm (1.85–2.10), maximum width: 0.93 mm (0.85–1.00), length of elytra: 1.30 mm (1.10–1.35), total length / width: 2.14, elytra length / total length: 0.66, pronotal length / width: 0.73 (n = 14).

Frons convex, without concavities, impressions or elevations. Surface prominently, longitudinally aciculate from vertex, becoming more reticulate near epistoma. A shallow, longitudinal impression is present from the upper level of the eyes to the epistoma. Vestiture in central area of sparse, hair-like setae. Antenna with four segments in flagellum (plus pedicel); club oval with clearly marked sutures, narrower than width of compound eye.

Pronotum with two prominent teeth on the anterior margin, 10–14 asperities on anterior slope; surface reticulate, vestiture of hair-like setae. Summit well defined, not elevated, about in center of pronotum in lateral view. Disc reticulate -granulate; vestiture a mixture of hair-like and spatulate setae.

All elytral surfaces are completely reticulate with both strial and interstrial punctures completely obscured by extensive reticulation. Interstriae only visible by a uniseriate row of erect setae. Disc with striae slightly impressed, subequal in width to interstriae. Interstriae with erect, uniseriate, short scale-like setae, truncate at their apex, their length about ¼ of the distance between rows. Some hair-like, recumbent setae also present in the interstrial ground vestiture almost to base, on both sides of erect setae. Uniseriate fine granules present on interstriae almost to base. Strial setae recumbent, short, hair-like.

Declivity evenly convex. Striae impressed, as wide as interstriae. Interstriae with numerous strong, uniseriate granules, each associated with an erect scale-like seta. In addition to erect setae, interstriae with two rows of recumbent setae, these wider than the narrow strial setae.

Male. Unknown.

Type material. Holotype female: Brazil: Pará: Rio Maria, Fazenda Rongi Porã , Tectona grandis stand planted 2004, 07°38′00.8″S 50°01′14.3″W, ethanol-baited flight intercept trap, 19-IX-2011, A.M. Lunz ( MEFEIS).

Paratypes: Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, Sadia Frigobrás Indústria e Comércio S.A, Fazenda Mutuca, cerrado fragment, 15°35′21.59″S 55°56′47.45″W, XII-1998, A. Dorval ( UTIC, 1); Mato Grosso do Sul: Selviría, UNESP Farm, cerrado fragment, 20°22′58″S 51°24′42″W, ethanol-baited flight intercept trap, several dates between 2013- 2015, F.L.L. Leonel ( MEFEIS, 3, UTIC, 3); Pará: Pau d’Arco, Serraria TKX Indústria Madeireira, 07°48′48.6″S 50°03′18.6″W, ethanol-baited flight intercept trap, several dates in 2011, A.D. Antonio ( MEFEIS, 17); Rio Maria, Fazenda Rongi-Porã, Tectona grandis stand planted 2004, 07°38′00.8″S 50°01′14.3″W, ethanol-baited flight intercept trap, various dates in 2011, A.M. Lunz ( MEFEIS, 3, UTIC, 1); São Domingos do Araguaia, Fazenda Guzerá, Tectona grandis stand planted Nov2003, 05°31′54.4″S 48°42′35.0″W, ethanol-baited flight intercept trap, several dates in 2012, D.B. Guinhazi ( MEFEIS, 5); Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, CEPLAC Cocoa Research Station, terra firme ombrophilous forest, 10°43′12.60″S 62°13′45.40″W, ethanol-baited flight intercept trap, VIII-2011, O. Trevisan ( MEFEIS, 1); São Paulo: Sud Menucci, Fazenda Jangada, 15-yr old Hevea brasiliensis clone RRIM 600, 20°44′46.4″S 50°51′37.4″W, F. Magrini ( UTIC, 1); Jardinópolis, Sítio São José, Persea americana var. Geada stand planted 10-X-2009 w/o Phytophthora root rot, 21°0′13.2″S 47°44′10.44″W, ethanol-baited flight intercept trap, 30-V-2016, N.A. Lima ( MEFEIS, 1).

Other localities. Minas Gerais: Nova Porteirinha, Khaya Woods Group , 15°41′1.99″S 43°17′44.48″W, 6-VII-2018, F.R.P. Alves ( MEFEIS, 1) ; Pirapora, Fazenda Atlântica Agropecuária , 17°29′28.57″S 44°57′24.02″W, ethanolbaited flight intercept trap, 23-VIII-2017, 4-X-2017, L.S. Covre ( MEFEIS, 6) .

Etymology. This species is named for Alexandre Mehl Lunz, researcher at EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental in Belém, state of Pará, responsible for many surveys throughout the state of Pará (where this new species was recorded) and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The four species described above will all key to couplet 10 of Wood’s 2007 key. The following modification of that key will aid in their identification. Photographs of H. barinensis Wood , H. rotundicollis (Eichhoff) and H. meridensis Wood are included as an aid to the reader. Text excluded from Wood’s key is shown as stricken out. Figure references are to this paper, not to Wood (2007).

9(8). Elytral declivity much more broadly convex, its posterior profile more broadly rounded; declivity occupying half of elytral length ( Fig. 7B ); anterior slope of pronotum (excluding anterior margin and summit) with numerous asperities (>20), summit not strongly elevated ( Fig. 7A ) pronotum strongly, coarsely reticulate; declivity dull, minutely rugose, discal interstriae almost smooth, shining on posterior half, rugose near base; scales on declivital interstriae each four (rarely six) times as long as wide, their length very slightly shorter than distance between rows; Venezuela (Barinas); 1.2–1.4 mm ................................................................ H. barinensis Wood — Elytral declivity less strongly convex, its posterior profile more narrowly rounded; declivity occupying only one-third of elytra length ( Fig. 1B , 2B , 3B , 4B ); anterior slope of pronotum) with 10-12 large asperities, summit strongly pronounced and elevated ( Fig. 3A , 4A , 5A , 6A ); pronotum shining or partly, weakly reticulate; elytra either smooth, shining or rugose.......................... 10a

10a(9). Interstrial vestiture of declivity and posterior portion of disc consisting only of erect interstrial setae, in addition to small, recumbent strial setae ( Fig. 3A, D , 4A, D , 5A, D )........................ 10b

— Interstrial vestiture of declivity and posterior portion of disc including abundant recumbent ground vestiture in addition to erect interstrial setae, these sometimes appear to be in uniseriate rows on either side of the erect setae, these distinct from strial setae ( Fig. 6A, D , 8A, D , 9A, D )............. 10d

10b(10a). Erect interstrial setae on declivity in uniseriate rows, each seta subtending a small, distinct granule ( Fig.

4 A, D)............................................. H. wilsoni Atkinson and Flechtmann — Erect interstrial setae on declivity distinctly confused on interstriae 1–3 ( Fig. 3A, D , 5A, D )...... 10c

10c(10b). Declivity weakly bisulcate; declivital striae strongly impressed, interstriae correspondingly elevated, 1 and 3 notably higher than 2; interstrial vestiture consisting of short, erect, truncate scales with length <interstrial width ( Fig. 3 )......................... H. subsulcatus Atkinson and Flechtmann

— Declivity evenly convex, striae not impressed, all interstriae similar in height; interstrial vestiture consisting of longer, erect spatulate scales (apices rounded) with length> interstrial width ( Fig. 4 )...................................................... H. murariae Atkinson and Flechtmann

10d(9). Entire surface of pronotum and elytra strongly reticulate, strial punctures of elytral disc and declivity obsolete, striae impressed; all declivital interstriae with prominent uniseriate granules ( Fig. 6 ).......................................................... H. lunzi Atkinson and Flechtmann

— Posterior portion of pronotum and base of elytra glabrous (declivity may be reticulate), shining; strial punctures shallow, clearly distinct, striae not impressed on disc (may be on declivity); granules on declivital interstriae absent or minute ( Fig. 8–9 )........................................ 10e

10e(10d). Pronotum disc partly to mostly shining, reticulation weak (when present); elytral interstriae mostly to entirely smooth, shining, with little, if any rugosity; SE USA to Mexico (Nayarit, Oaxaca); 1.5–1.7 mm ( Fig. 8 ).................................................. H. rotundicollis (Eichhoff)

— Pronotum mostly weakly reticulate; elytral interstriae minutely rugose, dull, without any smooth, shining areas on disc; erect interstrial scales each about twice as long as wide, each equal in length to about half distance between rows; Venezuela and Brazil; 1.4–1.7 mm ( Fig. 9 )....... H. meridensis Wood

Figures

Figure 1. Dorsal and anterior views of the pronotum. A–B) Hypothenemus subsulcatus new species, female holotype. C–D) H. wilsoni new species, female holotype. E–F) H. foelkelae new species, female holotype. G–H) H. cordeiroi new species, female holotype. Photos by T.H. Atkinson.

Figure 2. Dorsal view of elytral disc. A) Hypothenemus concavodeclivis new species, female holotype. B) H. lunzi new species, female holotype. C) H. foelkelae new species, female holotype. D) H. murariae new species, female holotype. Photos by T.H. Atkinson.

Figure 3. Hypothenemus subsulcatus new species, female holotype. A) Dorsal view. B) Lat-

Figure 4. Hypothenemus wilsoni new species, female holotype. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral

Figure 5. Hypothenemus murariae new species, female holotype. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral

Figure 6. Hypothenemus lunzi new species, female holotype. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. C) Frontal view. D) Posterolateral view. Photos by T.H. Atkinson.

Figure 7. Hypothenemus barinensis Wood, female holotype. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. C) Frontal view. D) Posterolateral view. Photos by S.M. Smith. Copyright National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., published by permission.

Figure 8. Hypothenemus rotundicollis (Eichhoff), female. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. C) Frontal view. D) Posterolateral view. Photos by T.H. Atkinson.

Figure 9. Hypothenemus meridensis Wood, female holotype. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. C) Frontal view. D) Posterolateral view. Photos by T.H. Atkinson. Copyright National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., published by permission.