Bokermannohyla nanuzae ( Bokermann & Sazima 1973 )

Walker, Marina, Lourenço, Ana Carolina Calijorne, Pimenta, Bruno V. S. & Nascimento, Luciana Barreto, 2015, Morphological variation, advertisement call, and tadpoles of Bokermannohyla nanuzae (Bokermann, 1973), and taxonomic status of B. feioi (Napoli & Caramaschi, 2004) (Anura, Hylidae, Cophomantini), Zootaxa 3937 (1), pp. 161-178 : 174-176

Bokermannohyla nanuzae ( Bokermann & Sazima 1973)

Hyla nanuzae Bokermann & Sazima 1973 . Holotype: WCAB 45808 (now MZUSP 73648). Type locality: “riacho de montanha, a altura do km 126 da Serra do Cipó, Jaboticatubas, Minas Gerais, Brasil ” (mountain creek, ca. km 126 of the road of Serra do Cipó, municipality of Jaboticatubas, in a literal translation to the English).

Hyla feioi Napoli & Caramaschi 2004 . Holotype: MNRJ 21356. Type locality: Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca (21°84’39” S, 43°85’59” W; 1,180m altitude), Conceição do Ibitipoca , Municipality of Lima Duarte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. New synonymy.

Bokermannohyla feioi— Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler 2005.

Bokermannohyla nanuzae —Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler 2005.

Redescription of Bokermannohyla nanuzae ( Bokermann & Sazima 1973)

Diagnosis. A small-sized species of the Bokermannohyla circumdata group (SVL males 37.9 ± 0.25 mm; females 40.2 ± 0.35 mm) diagnosed by the following characters and/or states: (1) head longer than wide, approximately 1/3 of SVL; (2) tympanum diameter ca. 50% of eye diameter (males 2.44 ± 0.25mm; females 2.58 ± 0.31); (3) flanks and ventral surfaces immaculate; (4) hidden parts of the body, including anterior/posterior surfaces of thighs, reddish or purple on live specimens; (5) completely regular dark brown transverse bars on the dorsal surfaces of thighs; (6) at least two call types: one with pulsed structures, varying in number and interval between pulses, and the other formed by a single long sequence of pulses.

Measurements and morphology. Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region oblique. Tympanum rounded, partially covered by the supratympanic fold, which extends from the posterior edge of eyes to the origin of arms or nearly before. Vomerine teeth in two separate series, posterior and between the choanae; vocal sac single, subgular, poorly developed; males with two vocal slits, lateral to the tongue; tongue cordiform.

Dermal crenulated fringe on forearm present or absent; when present, may reach finger V. Inner metacarpal tubercle absent; outer metacarpal tubercle poorly developed, cordiform, sometimes divided. Subarticular tubercles rounded, well developed; supernumerary tubercles rounded, small, abundant. No webbing between fingers II and III. Eighteen different web formulae found on hands on the combination III 2 (2½) – 3 (2, 2½, 3½) IV 2 ½ (2, 3) – 2 (2½, 3) V. The most common was II – III 2 – 3 IV 2 ½ – 2 V, present in 25 specimens (35.7%).

Skin of belly, chest, and ventral surfaces of thighs granular; dorsal, flank, and gular surfaces smooth.

Weak dermal fringe on feet and calcar flap present or absent; distinct ovoid inner metatarsal tubercles; outer metatarsal tubercles absent; subarticular and supernumerary tubercles rounded; the latter small and abundant. Fiftytwo webbing formulae were found on foot on the combination I 1 ½ (1, 2) – 2 (0, 1½, 2½) II 1 ½ (1, 2) – 2½ (2, 3) III 1 ½ (1) – 2½ (2, 3, 3½) IV 2 (0, 1, 2½, 3½) – 1½ (0, 1) V. The most common was I 1 ½ – 2 II 1 ½ – 2½ III 1 ½ – 2½ IV 2 – 1 ½ V, observed in four specimens (5.7%).

Measurements (range, mean, and standard deviation) of the 17 morphometric parameters analyzed for B. nanuzae are presented in Table 0 4.

Color of live specimens. Dorsum reddish brown; hidden surfaces of body reddish or purple. Some individuals with white spots on dorsum, normally on heels, elbows, and knees, sometimes on the cloacal region and dorsum, covering bars or other drawings.

Color of preserved specimens. Same as that of live specimens except for the light to medium brown dorsum (depending on the number of spots and stains) and loss of the reddish or purple pigmentation on the hidden surfaces of body.

Sexual dimorphism. As previously shown, morphometric differences between males and females were found only in five of the 17 measurements obtained. Forearms are not hypertrophied on males as usually seen on other species of the B. circumdata group. Males with a single, curved, hypertrophied, protruding, spine-shaped prepollex and no nuptial pads on the inner edge of finger II; smaller and not protruding prepollex present in females.

Natural history. Bokermannohyla nanuzae occurs at the riparian vegetation of streams on the Espinhaço and Mantiqueira mountain ranges, usually higher than 1,000 m above sea level. Males call alone or mostly in pairs (approximately 1 m from each other) and normally answer to calls of other males or playbacks. Call sites include branches, rocks, inside crevices on rocks, and among roots of the creek bank. These sites are situated more than 1 m from the creek and between 0.3 and 1.0 m from the ground. Other species of the B. circumdata group have been observed calling from inside holes or hollow surfaces ( Caramaschi & Feio 1990; Heyer et al. 1990; Napoli & Caramaschi 2004; Pombal & Gordo 2004). The highest density of calling males was observed in Serra do Caraça, where about 10 males were split into pairs, and each pair was more than 5 m from another. Reproductive activity was observed between October and March, the wet season in Southeastern Brazil. Tadpoles have nocturnal activity and were found in streams hidden among leaves and submerged branches, or swimming over rocky bottoms. During the day, they form clusters under rocks or roots in the stream bed. In order to understand the context of calls emission, breeding behavior, and patterns of microhabitat use by adults of B. nanuzae at Serra do Caraça, see Lima et al. (2014a, b).

Geographic distribution. The type series of B. nanuzae was collected in a stream near km 126 of the road crossing Serra do Cipó, Jaboticatubas, Minas Gerais State ( Bokermann & Sazima 1973). This site now corresponds to km 116 of the road MG–010 (1,265 meters above sea level) located in the Municipality of Santana do Riacho, between the district of Serra do Cipó and the Municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro, at the southern region of the Espinhaço mountain range.

Bokermannohyla nanuzae occurs in streams near the road and inside the boundaries of the Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó. The species is also found in other protected areas in Minas Gerais, such as Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural ( RPPN) Santuário do Caraça, Municipality of Catas Altas; RPPN Capitão do Mato, Municipality of Nova Lima; Parque Estadual (PE) Serra do Intendente and Parque Municipal Ribeirão do Campo, both in the Municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro; PE do Rio Preto, Municipality of São Gonçalo do Rio Preto; Área de Proteção Ambiental Serra da Brígida and PE do Itacolomi, Municipality of Ouro Preto. Its occurrence was also confirmed in the municipalities of Caeté, Rio Acima, Barão de Cocais, Ouro Branco, Serro, Congonhas, Augusto de Lima, Itabira, Mariana, and Rio Vermelho. In addition, B. nanuzae occurs in the Mantiqueira mountain range at the PE do Ibitipoca , Conceição do Ibitipoca , Municipality of Lima Duarte.

The municipalities of São Gonçalo do Rio Preto and Lima Duarte represent the northern and southern limits of the distribution of B. nanuzae , respectively. The distribution gap currently observed among the watersheds of the Doce, Paraíba do Sul, and Grande Rivers may be due to lack of sampling, since several Brazilian regions remain unexplored regarding the amphibian fauna.