Koppe, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001

Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Netherlands: Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln, pp. 276-296 : 276-278

Genus Koppe gen. n.

Type species.— Koppe montana sp. n.

Described species.— K. montana sp. n., ♂♀, W Java; K. minuta sp. n., ♂♀, N Sumatra and W Java; K. kinabalensis sp. n., ♂ ♀, Borneo, Mt, Kinabalu; K. princeps sp. n., ♂♀, N Sulawesi; K. baerti sp. n.. ♂♀, N Sulawesi; K. no sp. n.. ♂♀. C Sulawesi; K. calciphila sp. n., ♂♀. SW Sulawesi; K. kuntneri sp. n.. ♂♀, Ceram island; K. doleschalli sp. n., ♂♀, A mbon; K. sumba sp. n., ♂♀, Sumba Island. The species are described in geographic order.

Species described in other genera.— Medinassa annata Simon, 1896: 4 1 5, no figures (♀ Sri Lanka) was incorrectly placed in Medmassa and is here moved to Koppe . Oedignatha radiata Thorell probably belongs in Koppe . Thorell (1881: 210, and 1897; 199, no figures) emphasises that the carapace is shiny and has undulating margins and the clypeal boss is lacking. Scotinella tinikitkita Barrion and Litsinger 1995: 178 , fig. 102 (♀, Luzon, Quezon Pro v.. Llavac Village) belongs in Koppe ,

Unidentified specimens ( map 21):

Loc. 1: prope K. no , Java, 1 ♀, Gua (cave) Keskindo, 2.vi. 1994, Beron and Beshkov, NMNHS.

Loc. 2: prope K, montana , Bali, rainforest in Nat. Park W Bali and in Central Bali, ♂ ♀, 31/ 2 mm.

Loc, 3: Philippines, Luzon, Quezon Nat. Park, 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 6 mm.

Loc. 4: cf. K. tinikitkita , Philippines, Luzon, Quezon Nat. Park ♀, 2 1/ 2 mm.

Loc. 5: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Apo, ♂ ♀, 2 1/ 2 mm.

Loc. 6: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Apo, 2 ♀ 4 1/ 2 mm.

Loc. 7: Queensland, 1 ♂, Kuranda, garden, in pitfall trap, x.1997

Loc. 8: Aru Islands I, Wokan, 1 ♀ 2 1/2 min, primary forest on limestone, 22.viii.1991, and 1 ♀, Kola island, Wafan, secondary forest on limestone, 27.viii.1991, D. Agosti (MHNG).

Loc. 9: Aru Islands II, 1 ♀, 4 1/ 2 mm. Kola island, Wafan, secondary forest on limestone, 27.viii. 1991. and 1 ♂. Tanimhar Islands, Yamdena island, 18.ix.1991, D. Agosti (MHNG),

Old material studied.— K. armata (Simon) in the Simon collection.

Diagnosis.— Koppe species can be distinguished from other Southeast Asian corinnid s by the distally constricted cymbium and the presence of a flat embolar plate in the male palp and in the epigyne by having a membranous or partly chitinized flap posteriorly lying over the window. Characteristic of Koppe are the enlarged intercoxal discs ( figs 386, 416), infringing on the carapace and giving its margins an undulating appearance. On the ventral surface of the anterior tibiae and metatarsi are serial pairs of strong spines, Koppe species are related to Oedignatha and share the massive chelicerae with anterior spine and basic structure of genital organs. They are distinct from Oedignatha by the more feeble or absent clypeal protrusion, the smooth, thin-walled carapace which is pale to chestnut brown with a vague pattern of radiating streaks, furthermore by the spineless femora (exception: K. armata ) and the absence of hairbrush at the base of the posterior lateral spinnerets.

Koppe has been confused also with Medmassa : the latter is a castianeirine.

Description.— Small to medium (2 1 4-5 mm), reddish- or yellowish brown spiders with smooth carapace marked with dark radiating lines and spots. AME larger than other eyes, about equal to width of clypeus. Chilum triangular, rebordered ( fig. 376), fused with clypeus. Thoracic groove distinct, as in Oedignatha . Eye rows both procurved, AER slightly shorter than PER, AME often larger than other eyes. Chelicerae with 3 strong teeth on the promargin, 5-6 smaller on the retromargin with distal most near fang base; one spine on anterior surface, as in Phrurolithus and Otacilia . Carapace connecte d with sternum by chitin strips between the coxae and enditcs. A flat round intercoxal disc each between coxae I and II, II and III and III and IV infringing into the carapace border and giving it a lobed appearance. A large retrocoxal w indow present. Anterior tibiae and metatarsi more or less flattened ventrally. spines very strong, tuberculate at base in most species. Tibial and metatarsal leg spination as in Oedignatha , but posterior legs most often spineless, all femora spineless. Tarsi with thin claw tufts of spatulate hair, tufts of posterior legs denser; claws with 3 teeth. Dorsal and ventral epigastric scutum often thin and leathery. Posterior spinnerets with truncate tip bearing 2 or 3 atypical cylindrical gland spigots which are difficult to see. PMS in female triangular in diameter, with at least 2 such spigots, PL spinnerets with 1-2 mesally ( figs 396, 415); in males, posterior spinnerets not small and flattened as in Oedignatha ( fig. 414), with spigots as in the female, or smaller. Hairbush at median base of PL spinnerets absent. There are spines ventrally on palpal femora of male, except in males of minuta . Male palpal cym biu m with retro lateral groove, the part distal to alveolus longer and narrower than in Oedignatha , alm ost parallelsided in profile, sometimes constricted, which distinguishes it from palps in Oedignatha . Embolu s arising posteriorly or retrolaterally from a sclerotized embolic plate, separated from tegulum by a suture; embolus filiform, encircling tegulum clockwise in left palp; three-dimensional conspicuous conductor and small membranous tegular apophysis present. Epigyne with posterior window covered by a membranous flap or cover, at the base of which the copulatory openings. Apodemes are visible on the abdominal wall on either side of the vulva ( figs 400, 413). Vulva consisting of an anterior cavity ('bursa“) and a posterior spermatheca, usually smaller than bursa, In some species (for instance Koppe no and an undescribed species from Mindanao island) there are wide interspiralling tubes anteriorly running between bursae and spermathecae. in K. baerti both bursae and spermathecae are tubiform and spiralling.

Habitat,— Moist evergreen, predomin antly undisturbed rainforest, from sea level up to 1600 m.a.s. in the litter layer; often in ravines.

Distribution. — Sri Lanka, Indonesian Archipelago, Philippines, probably New Guinea; not found on the Asian mainland. Collected also in North Queensland (unpublished). The highest diversity is probably found in the eastern Indonesian islands and the Philippines. Most often limited to a small distribution range.

Etymology.— Koppe is an old Dutch word for spider, as in “spinnekop”, The gender is feminine.