Aneflomorpha linearis (LeConte)

Lingafelter, Steven W., 2022, Revision of Aneflomorpha Casey and Neaneflus Linsley (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the United States with an illustrated key to species, Insecta Mundi 2022 (954), pp. 1-59 : 32-34

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.7399054
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:08BF4EE0-E69C-4E09-BECA-26481D49BFDE
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7470047
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887C8-FFD1-FFFE-FF45-0C04FCBC974F
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Aneflomorpha linearis (LeConte)
status

Treatment

Aneflomorpha linearis (LeConte) View in CoL

( Fig. 1i View Figure 1 , 2g View Figure 2 , 5i View Figure 5 , 6o View Figure 6 , 7i, o View Figure 7 , 8h, n View Figure 8 , 9h, n View Figure 9 , 10i, o View Figure 10 , 11e View Figure 11 , 15a, b, d, f, h View Figure 15 , 16c View Figure 16 )

Elaphidion lineare LeConte 1859: 80 View in CoL .

Aneflomorpha longipennis Casey 1912: 472 View in CoL . Synonymy by Linsley (1963: 57).

Aneflomorpha parowana Casey 1924: 242 View in CoL . New synonym.

Aneflomorpha testacea Casey 1924: 243 View in CoL . Synonym of parowana View in CoL by Linsley (1963: 56). New synonym.

Aneflomorpha elongata Linsley 1936: 473 View in CoL . Synonym of parowana View in CoL by Linsley (1963: 56). New synonym.

Aneflomorpha californica Linsley 1936: 476 View in CoL . Synonym of parowana View in CoL by Linsley (1963: 56). New synonym.

Diagnosis. Length 9–17 mm, pronotum averages 1.05 times longer than wide, elytra together average 3.55 times longer than wide ( Fig. 1i View Figure 1 , 2g View Figure 2 ). Integument testaceous ( Fig. 1i View Figure 1 , 15a, b, d View Figure 15 ). Antennae carinate ( Fig. 9h, n View Figure 9 ). Spine of third antennomere slightly longer than second antennomere, projecting away from antennal plane by less than 45 degrees, acute at apex ( Fig. 9h, n View Figure 9 ). Pronotum with moderately dense punctures partially obscured by pubescence; usually with small, irregular, impunctate, post-median callus ( Fig. 5i View Figure 5 ). Elytral apices most often weakly bidentate ( Fig. 8h, n View Figure 8 ). Elytral pubescence white, sparse, mostly recumbent, with very few scattered long erect to suberect setae ( Fig. 7i, o View Figure 7 ). Procoxal cavities broadly open by nearly twice the width of the barely expanded prosternal process ( Fig. 10i, o View Figure 10 ). Protibiae flattened and carinate at base ( Fig. 11e View Figure 11 ).

Discussion. When Elaphidion lineare LeConte, 1859 was transferred to the new genus Aneflomorpha (feminine in gender) by Casey (1912), lineare should have been changed to linearis to agree in gender. It is corrected herein. When Casey (1924) described A. parowana , he compared it to A. linearis and differentiated it as being “a little larger, less pallid in color, with larger eyes, more deeply and densely punctured pronotum, and slightly longer hairs of the elytra.” Examination of the primary types of both species ( Fig. 1i View Figure 1 , 2g View Figure 2 , 15a, b, d View Figure 15 ) and their synonyms demonstrates that these characters are trivial, in some cases mischaracterized, and not of value for discriminating the species. My determination is that A. parowana ( Fig. 2g View Figure 2 , 15b, f View Figure 15 ) is a new synonym of A. linearis , rendering that species as the single Aneflomorpha occurring in the western coastal states of the United States. The holotypes of all the synonyms of A. parowana of Linsley (1963) ( A. testacea Casey, 1924 , A. elongata Linsley, 1936 , and A. californica Linsley, 1936 ) were examined and are determined to be new synonyms of A. linearis as well.

Aneflomorpha linearis is most similar to a new species described herein, A. paralinearis Lingafelter , new species, from Arizona and New Mexico ( Fig. 2e View Figure 2 , 11g View Figure 11 , 15c, f, g, i View Figure 15 ) due to the laterally flattened protibia with a dorsal carina at the base, open procoxal cavities, and carinate antennae. That species is distinguished by its larger average size, more rufous or brunneous rather than testaceous coloration, more strongly bidentate or bispinose elytral apices, more abundant erect elytral setae, as well as differences in the mesosternum and aedeagus as discussed in the description of A. paralinearis . Aneflomorpha yumae (elevated from subspecies level herein) shares the feature of having the base of the protibiae flattened, carinate dorsally, and as thick at the base as at the apex ( Fig. 11j View Figure 11 ). It is distinguished by its relatively dense, thick, white, recumbent setae over much of the dorsal and ventral surface, particularly dense on the scutellum, inner eye margins, metasternum, and basal abdominal sternites ( Fig. 3f View Figure 3 , 16h View Figure 16 ), much denser than in A. linearis . The dense punctures of the pronotum are mostly hidden in A. yumae ( Fig. 6x View Figure 6 ) and the pronotum usually lacks a callus unlike A. linearis which has the pronotal punctures mostly exposed and usually has a posteromedian impunctate callus ( Fig. 5i View Figure 5 ). Another species from Arizona, A. linsleyae , also has the protibia moderately flattened at the base, however, it is not carinate dorsally. Aneflomorpha linsleyae is easily distinguished by its elytral pubescence consisting of only erect and suberect setae ( Fig. 7j View Figure 7 ), whereas the elytral setae in A. linearis are mostly recumbent ( Fig. 7i View Figure 7 ). Specimens of A. linearis resemble some lighter colored specimens of A. rectilinea , but the narrow protibial base which is not flattened ( Fig. 11f, h View Figure 11 ) and nearly closed procoxal cavities of A. rectilinea ( Fig. 10q, r View Figure 10 ) will easily distinguish that species.

Distribution and biology. This species was described from Fort Tejon, Kern County, California ( LeConte, 1859). With the synonymy of A. parowana , the range is extended to the east to include Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and primarily northwest and central Arizona ( Bezark 2022; Linsley 1963; Heffern 1998). Craighead (1923) records the larvae as being twig girdlers of Quercus species. Linsley (1963) records Q. agrifolia , Q. emoryi , and Q. arizonica as larval hosts. Tyson (1970) added Purshia tridentata (Pursh) as a host. One specimen examined for this study was collected on Purshia glandulosa Curran in the Hualapai Mountains in Arizona. Cope (1984) reared several specimens from Quercus dumosa Nuttall in Riverside Co., California and Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. and Arn. in San Diego Co., California. Vlasak in Heffern et al. (2018) added two additional larval host records when he reared specimens from girdled stems of Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. and Arn. from El Dorado Co. and Rhus aromatica from Riverside Co., California. An additional specimen reared from Rhus sp. from Utah was examined.

Material examined. USA: California: Tejon (holotype, MCZ) ; Ash Mt., Sequoia National Park (holotype of A. californica , CASC) ; Santa Ana Canyon , Orange Co. (holotype of A. elongata , CASC) ; Red Bluff , 20 mi NW, Tehama Co., 27 August 1971 ( UAIC) ; San Gabriel Mtns. , 1 mile above Mt. Baldy Village, 29 July 1989, G. H. Nelson, at uv light (2, FSCA) ; San Gabriel Mtns., Mouth of San Antonio Canyon , 9 July 1985, G. H. Nelson, uv lights (2, FSCA) ; San Bernardino Co., 10 mi. SE Cima , 5 July 1985, G. H. Nelson, at uv light ( FSCA) ; Los Angeles Co., W fork San Gabriel River , 18 July 1973, R. B. Miller ( FSCA) ; Mt. Hamilton, Isabel Creek , uv light, R. L. Morrison ( FSCA) ; same, but 6 June 1973 ( FSCA) ; Clarksburg , 10 July 1931, A. T. McClay (2, USNM) ; River Co., Santa Rosa Mountains, Pinyon Flats Campground , 17 June 1997, M. W. Gates ( SWLC) ; San Diego Co., Kitchen Creek , reared 10 July 2017 from girdled Quercus collected on 29 April 2017 Josef Vlasak ( SWLC) ; El Dorado Co., Rt. 50 near Riverton , 11 June 2015, larva in Ceanothus integerrimus, J. Vlasak (SWLC) ; Los Angeles Co., Placerita Canyon Park , 1550′, 10 August 1985, F. T. Hovore ( FSCA) ; Los Angeles Co., Wrightwood vic., 5 August 2001, Morris & Hovore (3, RFMC) ; Tehama Co., Red Bluff , 8 July 1970, uv light, D. L. Wilson (4, BTC, donated to SWLC) ; Santa Clara Co., Loma Prieta , 20 July 1969, night light, J. Smith ( BTC, donated to SWLC) ; Santa Clara Co., 3 mi. SW Los Gatos , 10 August 1969, Robert Criswell (2, BTC, donated to SWLC) ; Santa Clara Co., Alum Rock Park , 1 August 1965, B. A. Tilden ( BTC, donated to SWLC) ; Mariposa Co., Varain Road , 28 July 2000 (2, BTC, donated to SWLC) ; Placer Co., Meadow Vista , July 1969, B. Paul ( BTC, donated to SWLC) ; Yuba Co., 9448 Rice′ s Texas Hill Rd , Oregon House , 121.25° W, 39.35° N, uv light, 9–16 August 2008, David L. Wilson (7, BTC, donated to SWLC) GoogleMaps ; Yuba Co., 6 mi. S. Marysville, beating Quercus, David L. Wilson ( BTC, donated to SWLC) ; Alameda Co., Mocho Creek , 2 August 1969, uv light, B. A. Tilden ( BTC, donated to SWLC) ; Nevada Co., Nevada City, Grass Valley , 19 July 1991, S. Miller (2, JGPC) ; San Gabriel Mtns. Foothills , 6–8 September 1963, R. H. Grandall (4, TAMU) ; Los Angeles Co., Burbank , 23 August 1971, D. G. Marqua (2, TAMU) ; Joshua Tree National Monument , Covington Flat, E. L. Sleeper (many dates) (45, TAMU) ; California: Joshua Tree National Monument, Pleasant Wash, Fried Liver Wash, E. L. Sleeper , 15 July 1965 (25, TAMU) ; Joshua Tree National Monument, Quail Guzzler , Hanging Bait, E. L. Sleeper and S. L. Jenkins ( TAMU) ; Los Angeles Co., Eaton Canyon Park , 8 August 1972, P. H. Sullivan and K. Nickel ( TAMU) ; Nevada Co., Grass Valley , 19 July 1991, S. Miller (4, JAGC) ; Santa Clara Co., Mt. Hamilton , August 1973, B. A. Tilden ( BTC) ; Butte Co., Slaughterhouse Ravine, Magalia , off Lafayette Circle , 39.83861°N, 121.61694°W, July (various dates), A.B. Richards, MV light (23, ABRC) GoogleMaps ; Mohave Co., Hwy 259 near mile 3, 2.1 km S. I-40, 35.16717°N, 113.88993°W, 1415 m, A.B. Richards (2, ABRC) GoogleMaps ; Butte Co., Magalia: Slaughterhouse Ravine off Lafayette Circle , 39.8386°N, 121.6169°W, 23–27 July 2012 (and other dates), 730 m. AB Richards (10, EGCCRC) GoogleMaps ; Madera Co., T65, R21E, 25SE, Lewis Cr., 10 April 1983 (2, TAMU) ; Santa Clara Co., Alum Rock Park , 20 July 1967 (4, TAMU) ; Kern Co., Erskine Cr., July 1979, J. Anderson (2, TAMU) ; Arizona: Oraibi , 10 August 1970, W. F. Chamberlain (2, TAMU) ; Pinal Co., 12 mi. SE Oracle , 23 July 1973, D. G. Marqua ( TAMU) ; Gila Co., Pinal Mtns., Russel Gulch , 9 mi. SSW Midland City, 9 August 1987 ( JGPC) ; Prescott , 29 July 1970, J. McCleve ( TAMU) ; Gila Co., Sierra Ancha Mtns. , 27 July 2003, F. W. Skillman, Jr. ( FWSC) ; Gila Co., Pinal Mountains, Russell Gulch , 9 miles SSW Midland City, 9 August 1987 ( JGPC) ; Gila Co., Fossil Creek @ old Power Plant , 21 August 2008, F. W. Skillman, Jr. (2, FWSC) ; Gila Co., Pinal Mtns. , Jct. FS roads 55 and 651, 30 July 1994, uv lights, scrub oak zone, WB and BC Warner ( FWSC) ; Mohave Co., Hualapai Mtn. Road, mile 9, County Highway 147, SE Kingman , 10 August 2019, A.B. Richards, 35.12391°N, 113.91426°W, 1587 m, uv lights (2, ABRC) GoogleMaps ; Mohave Co., Hualapai Mtn. Park , 7 July 1975, D. G. Marqua ( TAMU) ; Mohave Co., Pinyon Pines Estates, Hualapai Mtns. , 20–26 August 1978, F. Hovore (4, FSCA) ; Mohave Co., Pinyon Pines Estates, Hualapai Mtns. , 5–6 August 1977, F. Hovore ( SWLC) ; Mohave Co., Hualapai Mtns. , 5 August 1978, E. Giesbert ( FSCA) ; Mohave Co., Hualapai Mtns., Hualapai Mt. Pk. , 27 July 1974, on Purshia glandulosa, G. H. Nelson (FSCA) ; Pima Co., Baboquivari Mtns , 18 July 1999, F. W. Skillman, Jr. ( FWSC) ; Gila Co., Mogollon Rim, See Canyon , 34.325° N, 111.015° W, 25 June 2020, mv/uv lights, J. T. Botz (1 male, SWLC) GoogleMaps ; Santa Catalina Mtns., Bear Canyon , 24 July 1971, K. Stephan ( FSCA) ; Yavapai Co., Mayer , 19670 E. Juniper Dr., 3766 ft, 12S 397143 3797688 UTM, on wall, August 2018, P. Kaufman #14309 ( ASUC) ; Globe , 8 July 1949, F. Werner, W. Nutting ( UAIC) ; Colorado: Durango , 27 July, E. J. Oslar, Wickham Coll. ( USNM) ; Utah: Parowan Mtns. (lectotype and paralectotype of A. parowana , USNM) ; Eureka (lectotype and paralectotypes of A. testacea, USNM ) ; San Juan Co., Moab , reared from Rhus sp. , 22 November 2018, J. Vlasak ( SWLC) ; 14 mi. S. Hanksville, Fairview Ranch , 21 July 1973, Robert Gordon ( USNM) ; Dividend, Tom Spalding , 7 August, Wickham Collection (2, USNM) ; Nevada: Lincoln Co., Silver King Rd. , 17.5 mi. W . US 93, 5714′, 15 August 2016, F. W. Skillman, Jr. and S. Lee (4, FWSC) ; Douglas Co., North Minden , 5 July 1978, D. B. Thomas ( TAMU) .

MCZ	Museum of Comparative Zoology
UAIC	University of Alabama, Ichthyological Collection
FSCA	Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology
USNM	Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History
ABRC	Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center

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Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Coleoptera
Family	Cerambycidae
Genus	Aneflomorpha