Notiophilus aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Dearborn, Richard G., Nelson, Robert E., Donahue, Charlene, Bell, Ross T. & Webster, Reginald P., 2014, The Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Fauna of Maine, USA, The Coleopterists Bulletin 68 (3), pp. 441-599 : 460-461

Notiophilus aquaticus (L.) (Plate 36) Notiophilus borealis Harris (state records only

Habitat: In the high mountains found on the from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and tundra, farther south in areas of open gravel, Bousquet (2010)) sandy paths, even bare soil under trees in an Habitat: Typically (in our area) at high elevation, apple orchard. on dry, rocky substrates with discontinuous or

Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, flight observed very short vegetation. in Europe. Flight dynamics: Most are short-winged and

Biology: Gravid females appear in late July into incapable of flight, but fully-winged forms capmid-August; overwinters either as adult or larva. able of flight are known.

General range: A circumpolar species. In the Old Biology: Teneral adults tend to appear in late World, across Scandinavia and Siberia to August into September; adults overwinter. Egg- Kamchatka Peninsula, isolated in the British laying seasonality unknown but probably occurs Isles; in the Faeroe Islands, Iceland, Pyrenees, in early summer. higher mountains of southern Europe from north- General range: Holarctic; in North America, in ern Spain to former Yugoslavia, Asia Minor, Iran, the alpine, arctic, and boreal realms, from and Caucasus. In North America, northeast to Newfoundland and Labrador in the east, west Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec north to the Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory to Ft. Chimo, in Ontario and Manitoba north and Alaska, south of the Canadian border to to Hudson Bay, in Alaska north to Brooks New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Range, west to the Aleutian Islands. Southern Maine localities: No specific Maine localities limit less well-documented, but known south known. in the mountains to British Columbia, not in Cascade Range, but south in the Rockies to Notiophilus nemoralis Fall (records from Majka Montana, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, east et al. (2011)) (Plate 36) of the Rockies, south to northern Wisconsin, Habitat: Open subalpine coniferous forests of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York. spruce and fir, on dry ground.

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Flight dynamics: All known specimens are short- Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged.

winged and incapable of flight. Biology: A snail eater, recorded feeding on the Biology: Teneral adults appear in August ; adults snail Triodopsis tridentata (Say) , but doubtoverwinter. Egg-laying seasonality unknown lessly preys on other species. A large larva but probably occurs in early summer. was collected in October. Teneral adults appear General range: In the northeastern USA only – from late July to late September ; hibernates in Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, New both the larval and adult stage. A large beetle, Hampshire , and Maine. it shelters by day in mouse burrows, if dis- Maine localities (2): Lewiston ( MFS), Augusta ( MFS). turbed produces large stridulating sound like

a rattlesnake, if further disturbed it squirts

Notiophilus novemstriatus LeConte (Plate 36) droplets of a defensive fluid from pygidial Habitat: Dry oak forest edges, especially at cliff glands. These adaptations have been shown tops and bluffs. to protect it from small mammals. In late after- Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, no flight noon, it moves out of the burrow and shelters records. under superficial cover in preparation for the Biology: Unknown. night’ s hunt.

General range: An eastern and central North General range: An Appalachian species. Northeast American species. Northeast to Maine , north to to Nova Scotia and New Brusnwick, in Québec the White Mountains of New Hampshire , the north to Québec City, in New York west to Champlain Valley in Vermont , western New Buffalo , across northwestern Pennsylvania to York ( Batavia ) , Michigan , west to South Dakota, eastern Ohio, south in the mountains to Virginia, southwest to Kansas, Oklahoma and Arizona, North Carolina, and Georgia.

south to the Gulf of Mexico including Florida. Maine localities (10): Bar Harbor (UNH), Charleston Maine locality (1): Paris (CNC). (RENC), Kibby Township (MFS), Milbridge

(UVM), Mount Desert (PROC), Mt. Katahdin

Township (PVT), Oxbow Plantation (MFS),

Subfamily Carabinae

T3 R8 WELS (MFS), Trout Brook Township

Tribe Cychrini

(UNH), Vassalboro (UNH).

Genus Scaphinotus

Scaphinotus bilobus (Say) (Plate 42) Genus Sphaeroderus

Habitat: Thin spruce forest on gravel, under rocks, and in sphagnum and litter in black spruce Sphaeroderus canadensis canadensis Chaudoir forests; also in montane forests (e.g., at 763 m (Plate 43) in Vermont). Habitat: In deciduous or mixed forests, on sloping

Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. ground under stones and leaves.

Biology: A snail eater; teneral adults appear in July. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged, flightless.

General range: A northeast and north-central Biology: A snail eater, but preys on gypsy moth North American species. Northeast to Nova caterpillars when available. Teneral adults Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec north appear in late September but also in early to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario north May , but hibernation likely occurs only in the to Cochrane and Sioux Lookout, north to adult stage. southern Manitoba , west to Nebraska, Kansas, General range: A northeastern subspecies. Northeast south to Missouri, northern Illinois , northern to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec Ohio, western New York (Buffalo), isolated north to Saguenay, in Ontario northwest to Newin the Adirondacks and Catskills, in New market, west to southeastern Michigan , Ohio, England only in mountains and high plateaus south to Tennessee and the Carolinas. Another of Vermont , New Hampshire, and northwestern subspecies ( Sphaeroderus canadensis lengi Massachusetts, in Maine in the north and also Darlington) is found in the southern Appalachians. the southeastern coast. Maine localities (16): Batchelders Grant Township

Maine localities (4): Bar Harbor [Long Porcupine (RENC), Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett Valley Island] (PROC), Gouldsboro (MFS, PROC), T10 (PVT), Gilead (CNC), Kibby Township (MFS), R11 WELS (MFS), T11 R10 WELS (MFS). Monmouth (MFS), Mount Desert (PROC), Oxbow Plantation. (MFS), Sweden (CNC), T12

Scaphinotus viduus Dejean (Plate 42) R7 WELS (MFS), T14 R6 WELS (MFS), T2

Habitat: Hardwood and mixed forests; in New R4 WELS (CNC), T3 R8 WELS (MFS), T6 England at all elevations to treeline. Sometimes R11 WELS (UVM), Trout Brook Township found under loose bark. (RENC), Winthrop (CNC).