Colias grumi Alphéraky, 1897

Huang, Hao & Song, Kui, 2022, A review of the genus Colias Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from Qinghai with descriptions of a new subspecies of Colias thrasibulus Fruhstorfer, 1910, Zootaxa 5105 (4), pp. 451-489 : 458-459

Colias grumi Alphéraky, 1897

( Figs. 13 , 42–43 , 45–46 , 48–49 , 63–64 , 66, 71–72)

Colias Cocandica Ersch. var. Grumi Alphéraky, 1897: 233 (TL: 21 km W. Yanchiwan, border between Gansu and Qinghai: Grieshuber et al. 2012); Grieshuber & Churkin 2003: 254, lectotype designation; Grieshuber 2016a: photos of lectotype and paralectotypes.

C. cocandica Ersch. var. evanescens Verity, 1908 : pl. xlii, fig. 16 (TL: N. slopes of Aljin Shan: Grieshuber et al. 2012); Grieshuber et al. 2012: 101–102, discussions on type series, type locality and taxonomic status, synonymy for C. grumi .

Colias alpherakii : R.-X. Huang, 1986: 86, records of specimens later described as aljinshana.

Colias grumi burchana Mracek & Schulte, 1991: 163 , figs. 1–2 (TL: S. Xidatan, E. Kunlun range: Grieshuber et al. 2012); Verhulst, 1995: 436 - figs. 1–12, 439- figs. 3–4, 442- fig.; Grieshuber et al. 2012: 63, discussions on type series, type locality and taxonomic status, synonymy for C. grumi .

Colias alpherakyi (sic) aljinshana R.-X. Huang & Murayama, 1992: 5 , pl.2, fig. 11 (TL: “Aljinshan”, actually Qimantag Shan, on north of Tufangzi); Grieshuber & Lamas 2007: 148, synonymy for evanescens; Grieshuber et al. 2012: 40, discussions on type series, type locality and taxonomic status.

Colias grumi aljinshana: Hoshiai, 1993: 16 .

Colias grumi dvoraki Kocman, 1994: 397 (TL: road Chaka- Wulan, Qinghai); Verhulst 1995: 440 - fig.; Grieshuber et al. 2012: 86, nomenclature. unavailable name.

Colias grumi : R.-X. Huang et al. 2000: 23, pl. X, figs. 1♂ Up- 1♂ Un (probably a paratype of aljinshana), fig. 1♀ (same as ♂ holotype of aljinshana).

Material examined. CHINA: Qinghai: 1 ♂ & 1 ♀ ( CHH), Xidantan, near Kunlun Shan Pass, on road Qinghai-Tibet , 4100m, 13.VII.2007, L. Ding leg.; 3 ♂♂ & 3 ♀♀ ( CQZY, CHH), Xidantan , 17.VII.2021, Z.-Y. Qi leg. ; 1 ♀ ( CHH), 15 km NE. Delingha , 26.VII.2020, S.-Y. Lang leg. ; 4 ♂♂ & 3 ♀♀ ( CSK), NE. Delingha , 18.VII.2019, K. Song leg. ; 5 ♂♂ & 3 ♀♀ ( CSK), N. of Dachaidan , 14.VII.2017 & 20.VII.2019, K. Song leg. ; 1 ♀ ( CSK), Dulan , 19.VII.2021, K. Song leg. ; 5 ♂♂ & 2 ♀♀ ( CSK), Xiangpishan , 10–18.VII.2009, K. Song leg ..

Remarks. The authors agreed to Grieshuber et al. (2012) opinion that no subspecific separation is necessary for this species. The small differences among the populations are caused by different climates rather than geographical isolation.

Notes on Colias grumi aljinshana . By the help of Dr. X. Zhang (Urumqi), the senior author examined the photos of a ♂ paratype of C. grumi aljinshana (Fig. 72). C. grumi aljinshana was originally described as Colias alpherakyi (sic) aljinshana on 1 ♂ and 2 ♀♀ from “Aljinshan, 4300m, high cold desert mountain”, with 1 ♂ figured (R.-X. Huang & Murayama 1992: 6, fig. 11). R.-X. Huang & Murayama (1992) did not indicate the status of the figured specimen, but as only there was only 1 ♂ indicated in the type series, the figured ♂ should be holotype as Hoshiai (1993) deduced. According to Dr. X. Zhang (pers. comm.), only a single ♂ specimen was found in the butterfly collection of Xinjiang University and photographed. This specimen was labeled with the following data: time - 1984.7.7; locality - [Tufangzi] (in Chinese; this is one of the collecting localities in the 1984 expedition joined by R.-X. Huang); altitude - 4300m; collector - [Huang Ren-Xin] (in Chinese). It is obvious that this ♂ specimen is not the holotype as its wing-pattern does not fit the original figure. However, R.-X. Huang recorded 3 ♂♂ for this species in his earlier report (R.-X. Huang 1986), not 1 ♂ and 2 ♀♀ as in his later report (R.-X. Huang & Murayama 1992). In a much later publication (R.-X. Huang et al. 2000: pl. X, fig. 1♀), the ♂ holotype was labeled as a ♀. Therefore, it is clear that R.-X. Huang did not identify or record correctly the sexes of the type specimens. The type locality is clarified as follows. R.-X. Huang (1986) gave the collecting data in his early publication as: 3 ♂♂, [Qimantag Shan, on north of Tufangzi] (in Chinese), 4300m, 1984.VII.7, Xiao Nan leg. Tufangzi is an important station clearly marked on the map of the 1984 expedition ( Zhang et al. 1986), near the co-ordinates 37.3224N, 90.3562E.

Flight period. Whole July.

Altitude. 4000–4300m.

Distributional notes. To show their contribution more clearly, the authors ignored the localities in literature and marked only their collecting localities on the map in addition to the type localities. The type locality of C. grumi evanescens is not marked on the map, as its exact location is unknown ( Grieshuber et al. 2012). The collecting locality of C. grumi dvoraki is not marked too, as this taxon is an unavailable name in nomenclature ( Grieshuber et al. 2012). C. grumi is also recorded from Jingtieshan (S. of Jiayuguan), Aljin Shan and Wulan ( Verhulst, 2000 – 2001, Grieshuber et al. 2012).

Figures

FIGURE 42. ♂ genitalia and 8th tergum (with superuncus) in lateral view at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 43. 8th tergum in dorsal view at same scale to show superuncus. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 45. ♂ genitalia in dorsal view at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 46. Ring in lateral view and scaphium in ventral view at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 48. Phallus in lateral view and coecum-process in full-face view at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 49. Juxta in full-face view (nearly posterior view) at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm. FIGURE 50. Valva in inner lateral and anterior views at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 8–13. Habitus of Colias taxa ♂♂ & ♀♀ at same scale (Upper half- upper side; lower half- underside). 8—Colias fieldii chinensis; 9—Colias poliographus; 10—Colias montium; 11—Colias lada; 12—Colias adelaidae adelaidae; 13—Colias grumi. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 59–64. Biotopes of Colias species in Qinghai. 59—C. diva (Lajishan, by K. Song); 60—C. sifanica (Lajishan, by K. Song); 61—C. lada (Yushu, by K. Song); 62—C. nebulosa (Lajishan, by H. Huang); 63—C. grumi (Xidatan, Kunlun Shan, by Z.-Y. Qi); 64—C. grumi (Dachaidan, by K. Song). FIGURES 65–66. Living adults of Colias species in Qinghai. 65—C. arida cakana at Wulan (by Z.-Y. Qi); 66—C. grumi at Xidatan (by Z.-Y. Qi).