Apophua

Watanabe, Kyohei & Maeto, Kaoru, 2014, Revision of the genus Apophua Morley, 1913, from Japan (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae), Zootaxa 3784 (5), pp. 501-527 : 503

Key to Japanese species of the genus Apophua

(The males of aquilonia , elegans and yamato are unknown)

1. T1-T3 with strong median longitudinal carina ( Figs. 1 C, 6 C, 7 C). Base and posterior margin of T1 and posterior margin of all other tergites yellow ( Figs. 1 C, 3 A, 7 C). Face strongly transversely striated by coalescent punctures. Upper margin of pronotum with conspicuous yellow stripe ( Fig. 3 A). Scutellum with yellow marking ( Fig. 1 C). Hind coxa reddish-brown ( Figs. 3 A, 5 C). Hind femur and tibia completely blackish-brown ( Figs. 3 A, 5 C).............................. elegans sp. nov.

-. T1-T3 with weak and partly indistinct median longitudinal carina, or without it ( Figs. 1 A, B, D–L, 6A, B, D–K, 7 A, B, D– K,). Face weakly transversely striated by coalescent punctures. Hind leg largely yellowish-brown ( Fig. 5 A, B, D–I) or nearly entirely blackish-brown ( Figs. 3 B, 5 J, K).................................................................. 2

2. Pronotum largely yellow laterally ( Fig. 2 E). Mesopleuron black with large yellowish marking ( Fig. 2 E). T1–T3 with yellow posterior margin ( Figs. 1 F, 2 E). Ovipositor very long, its sheath 3.0–3.7 times as long as hind tibia. Subgenital plate with a short apodema sternalis, anterior margin convex ( Fig. 9 J). Inner margin of paramere slightly concave (Fig. 8 G).............................................................................................. kikuchii Uchida, 1928

-. Pronotum largely black laterally, yellow area at most present dorsally ( Fig. 2 A–D, F–I). Mesopleuron without large yellow marking ( Fig. 2 A–D, F–I). Ovipositor not very long, it sheath shorter than 2.5 times as long as hind tibia. Subgenital plate with a long apodema sternalis, anterior margin slightly concave ( Fig. 9 A, D, G, M, P, S). Inner margin of paramere slightly concave (Fig. 8 A, C, E, I, K, M)................................................................................ 3

3. T2 longer than wide, its length 1.1–1.3 times as long as maximum width ( Figs. 1 D, 6 D, 7 D). Metasomal tergites almost smooth (more or less punctate in male but sparser than other species), strongly shiny by strong blue reflection ( Fig. 7 D). Epicnemial carina absent laterally. Propodeal carinae weak, usually absent (only restricted by slight convexity) except for posterior transverse carina and pleural carina. Yellow area on pronotum restricted near postero-lateral corner ( Fig. 2 C). Median dorsal carina of T1 largely absent posteriorly ( Fig. 6 D)...................................... evanescens ( Ratzeburg, 1848)

-. T2 shorter than 1.1 times as long as maximum width, usually square or transverse ( Figs. 1 A, B, E–J, L, 6 A, B, E, G–K, 7 A, B, E–K). Metasomal tergites more or less punctate, weakly to rather strongly shiny ( Figs. 1 A, B, E–J, L, 7 A, B, E–K). Epicnemial carina present laterally or absent in A. aquilonia . Propodeal carinae except for posterior transverse carina and pleural carina absent to present. Median dorsal carina of T1 various, usually nearly complete ( Fig. 6 A, B, E, G–K).............. 4

4. Epicnemial carina absent laterally. Fore coxa with ridge ( Fig. 4 A, B). Scutellum black ( Fig. 1 A). Median dorsal carina on T1 present only near base ( Fig. 6 A)..................................................... aquilonia ( Momoi, 1963)

-. Epicnemial carina present laterally. Scutellum usually with yellow marking ( Fig. 1 B, E, G–K). Median dorsal carina on T1 well developed ( Fig. 6 B, E, H–J), or if largely obsolete, T1–T3 reddish brown ( Figs. 1 G, 2 F, 6 G, 7 G) or hind leg largely blackish-brown ( Fig. 5 K)...............................................................................5

5. Hind femur and tibia blackish brown in lateral view ( Fig. 5 J, K). Hind coxa largely blackish brown ( Fig. 5 J, K). Upper margin of pronotum and scutellum yellow ( Figs. 2 I, 3 B). Metasomal tergite black ( Fig. 1 J–L).............................. 6

-. Hind femur and tibia reddish brown to brown in lateral view ( Fig. 5 B, E, H, I). Hind coxa reddish brown ( Fig. 5 B, E, H, I). Upper margin of pronotum and scutellum yellow ( Fig. 2 B, D, H) or sometimes largely black ( Fig. 2 G). Metasomal tergite sometimes partly tinged red ( Figs. 1 G, 2 F)................................................................. 7

6. Ovipositor long, its sheath 2.9–3.0 times as long as hind tibia. Hind coxa with yellow marking dorsally ( Fig. 5 J). Median dorsal carina of T1 at least present basal 0.6 ( Fig. 6 J)......................................... tobensis ( Uchida,1928)

-. Ovipositor short, its sheath 1.9–2.0 times as long as hind tibia. Hind coxa without yellow marking dorsally ( Fig. 5 K). Median dorsal carina of T1 largely obsolete posteriorly, distinct area shorter than basal 0.5 ( Fig. 6 K).............. yamato sp. nov.

7. Median dorsal carina of T1 shorter than 0.5 times of T1 ( Figs. 1 G, 6 G). T1–T3 entirely (female) or partly (male: as posterior broad band) tinged with yellowish-red ( Figs. 1 G, 2 F). Length of T2 distinctly shorter than wide ( Fig. 6 G). Upper margin of pronotum with yellow stripe ( Fig. 2 F)............. maetai Momoi, 1978 (= genalis kasparyani Kuslitzky, 2007 syn. nov.)

-. Median dorsal carina of T1 nearly complete, usually longer than 0.8 times of T1 (Fig. B, E, H, I). T1–T3 entirely black ( Fig. 1 B, E, H, I), or in male of sugawarai with yellow posterior band, or if tinged reddish-brown, yellow area on upper margin of pronotum sometimes restricted to small spot before tegula ( Fig. 2 G)............................................. 8

8. Posterior margin of all tergites (in male) or T4 and following all tergites (in female) with conspicuous yellow or white band ( Figs. 1 I, 2 H). Propodeum usually with yellowish area posteriorly ( Fig. 1 I). Upper margin of pronotum with yellow stripe ( Fig. 2 H). Surface of tergites with blue reflection ( Figs. 1 I, 2 H, 7 I).......................... sugaharai Momoi, 1978

-. Posterior margin of T4 and following tergites always without white or yellow band ( Figs. 1 B, E, H, 2 B, D, G). Propodeum without yellow area ( Fig. 1 B, E, H)....................................................................... 9

9. Small species, its body length 6.5–10.5 mm (usually less than 9.0 mm). Yellow area on upper margin of pronotum always restricted as small spot on posterior angle ( Fig. 2 G). Anterior half of scutellum black ( Fig. 1 H). T2 square, its length 1.0 times as long as maximum width ( Fig. 6 H)....................................................... stena Momoi, 1963

-. Large species, its body length 8.5–11.0 mm. Yellow area of pronotum always large and broad, present along its upper margin ( Fig. 2 B, D). Anterior half of scutellum usually yellow laterally ( Fig. 1 B, E)..................................... 10

10. Robust species. T1–T3 usually with median longitudinal keel ( Fig. 6 B). T1 1.2–1.4 times as long as maximum width ( Fig. 6 B). T2 usually wide, its length 0.9–1.0 (both sexes) times as long as maximum width ( Fig. 6 B). Surface on tergites without blue reflection or with slight blue reflection ( Fig. 7 B)................................. bipunctoria ( Thunberg, 1822)

-. Slender species. T1–T3 usually without median longitudinal keel except for bases of T2 and T3 ( Fig. 6 E). T1 1.6–1.9 times as long as maximum width ( Fig. 6 E). T2 usually slender, its length 1.0–1.1 (female) ( Fig. 6 E) or 1.3 (male) times as long as maximum width. Surface of tergites with strong blue reflection ( Fig. 7 E)........................ honmai Momoi, 1978

Figures

FIGURE 1. Heads, mesosomata and metasomata of Apophua, dorsal view, female. — A, A. aquilonia; B, A. bipunctoria; C, A. elegans sp. nov. (holotype); D, A. evanescens; E, A. honmai; F, A. kikuchii; G, A. maetai; H, A. stena; I, A. sugaharai; J, A. tobensis; K, L, A. yamato sp. nov. (holotype).

FIGURE 2. Heads, mesosomata, coxae and metasomata of Apophua, lateral view, female. — A, A. aquilonia; B, A. bipunctoria; C, A. evanescens; D, A. honmai; E, A. kikuchii; F, A. maetai; G, A. stena; H, A. sugaharai; I, A. tobensis.

FIGURE 3. Lateral habitus of Apophua, female. — A, A. elegans sp. nov. (holotype); B, A. yamato sp. nov. (holotype).

FIGURE 4. Fore coxae of Apophua, antero-dorsal view, female. — A, B, A. aquilonia; C, A. bipunctoria; D, A. elegans sp. nov. (holotype); E, A. evanescens; F, A. honmai; G, A. kikuchii; H A. maetai; I, A. stena; J, A. sugaharai; K, A. tobensis; L, A. yamato sp. nov. (holotype).

FIGURE 5. Hind legs of Apophua, anterior (A – K) and dorsal (J, K: coxae) view, female. — A, A. aquilonia; B, A. bipunctoria; C, A. elegans sp. nov. (paratype); D, A. evanescens; E, A. honmai; F, A. kikuchii; G, A. maetai; H, A. stena; I, A. sugaharai; J, A. tobensis; K, A. yamato sp. nov. (paratype).

FIGURE 6. Metasomal tergites of Apophua, dorsal view, female. — A, A. aquilonia; B, A. bipunctoria; C, A. elegans sp. nov. (holotype); D, A. evanescens; E, A. honmai; F, A. kikuchii; G, A. maetai; H, A. stena; I, A. sugaharai; J, A. tobensis; K, A. yamato sp. nov. (holotype).

FIGURE 9. Male subgenital plates (ventral view: A, D, G, J, M, P, S), left (ventral view: B, E, K, N) and right (lateral view: H, R, T) aedeagi and left (mesal view: F, I, O, Q, U) and right (mesal view: C, L, U) parameres and volsellae of Apophua. — A – C, A. bipunctoria; D – F, A. evanescens; G – I, A. honmai; J – L, A. kikuchii; M – O, A. maetai; P – R, A. stena; S – U, A. sugaharai.

FIGURE 7. T 2 of Apophua, dorsal view, female. — A, A. aquilonia; B, A. bipunctoria; C, A. elegans sp. nov. (holotype); D, A. evanescens; E, A. honmai; F, A. kikuchii; G, A. maetai; H, A. stena; I, A. sugaharai; J, A. tobensis; K, A. yamato sp. nov. (holotype).