Toechorychus stramineus ( Taschenberg, 1876 )

Tedesco, Anazélia M. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2013, <strong> Phylogeny and Revision of <em> Toechorychus </ em> Townes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with descriptions of thirty-five new species </ strong>, Zootaxa 3633 (1), pp. 1-138 : 63-65

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3633.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:60F0956C-A1F5-44CA-9D14-8C04343AD01F
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987AE-FF9E-FF83-0AE1-FB0EFAB7FAB4
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Toechorychus stramineus ( Taschenberg, 1876 )
status

Treatment

Toechorychus stramineus ( Taschenberg, 1876) View in CoL

( Figs 4 View FIGURES 4–7 , 62 View FIGURES 55–69 , 107 View FIGURE 105–118 , 144 View FIGURES 139–144 , 196 View FIGURES 187–199 )

Mesostenus stramineus Taschenberg, 1876: 48 , 61–104. Description. Holotype ♀ (MLUH; examined). Type locality:

Venezuela.

Toechorychus stramineus: Townes & Townes 1966: 96 View in CoL (Synonymic list); Yu & Horstmann 1997: 290 (Listed); Yu et al. 2005

(Listed).

Redescription. Holotype FEMALE. Fore wing length 5.00 mm.

Head. Mandible 1.48 as long as basal width, moderately pilose; ventral margin slightly projected as crest. Clypeus 1.69 as wide as high, subrectangular, finely punctate; apex 1.44 as long as base, truncate; apical margin sharp, medially slightly convex. Supraclypeal area entirely densely punctate, densely pilose, medially with longitudinal subrectangular prominent area; between antennal foramens with U-shaped carina, medially widely interrupted; radicle punctate. Antenna with 24 flagellomeres; white band starting at flagellomere 4, reaching flagellomere 12; flagellum somewhat stout. Supra-antennal area with very faint but distinct median longitudinal carina, medially with well developed longitudinal elevation, near antennal sockets striolate; dorsal half medially punctulate. Paraocular area finely punctulate. Vertex rugulose around ocelli, without sulcus; gena and vertex behind ocelli punctulate, sparsely pilose; gena in lateral view uniformly wide; occipital carina stout, dorsally faint, V-shaped, ventrally slightly projected as crest, reaching hypostomal carina far from mandible base; hypostomal carina projected as crest; malar space 0.93 as long as basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma . Mesosoma in dorsal view 2.35 as long as wide; in lateral view, mesosoma middle width 0.15 mm. Pronotum centrally smooth, latero-ventrally rugose behind collar, margin near mesopleuron ventrally corrugated; pronotal swelling strigulate; lateral portion of collar rounded, distinctly swollen, anteriorly punctulate; stout, restricted to space between posterior margin of collar and pronotal swelling. Mesoscutum sparsely pilose, lobes dorsally punctulate, laterally markedly corrugated, central lobe without longitudinal sulcus or carina; notaulus moderately impressed, posteriorly abruptly curved, U-shaped. Scutoscutellar groove faintly corrugated; scutellum 0.96 as long as wide, smooth; scutellar carina incomplete, restricted approximately to anterior 0.3; postscutellum 0.34 as long as wide; hind margin of metanotum without teeth or carinae. Subalar ridge somewhat elongate; mesopleuron dorsally medially markedly strigate, ventrally strigulate; mesopleural groove corrugated; epicnemial carina stout, dorsally curving backwards; dorsal end of epicnemial carina reaching 0.2 of posterior margin of pronotum, behind epicnemial carina without rounded confused-rugulose area; sternaulus complete, reaching base of mid coxa, markedly sinuate, deeply impressed; faintly corrugated; scrobe very shallow, forming sulcus. Mesothoracic venter strigulate; median portion of posterior transverse carina of mesothoracic venter short and straight, regularly shaped, without projections. Transverse furrow at base of propodeum laterally 0.18 as long as anterior portion of propodeum deep and narrow, medially wide, closely corrugated, medially some carinae distinctly stouter; anterior margin of propodeum without teeth; propodeum 1.11 as long as wide medially; anterior portion of propodeum strigulate, medially with two posteriorly convergent longitudinal carinae; lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum represented by short curved carina; posterior portion of propodeum before posterior transverse carina medially confused-rugose and laterally punctulate, behind strigate-rugose, medially without distinctly stout longitudinal carina; behind posterior transverse carina with two divergent longitudinal carinae; anterior transverse carina of propodeum complete, stout or laterally faint, straight; posterior transverse carina represented by crests; propodeal spiracle 1.38 as long as wide; pleural carina of propodeum irregular, fused with sculpture of lower division of metapleuron and propodeum; lower division of metapleuron strigulate, sparsely pilose, juxtacoxal carina short and stout.

Wings. Fore wing: vein 2+3Rs slightly uniform curved; ramellus absent; vein 1M+Rs posteriorly faintly sinuous; vein 1cu-a straight, arising far from vein 1M+Rs base, angle with vein M+Cu distinctly obtuse; vein 2Cu 0.60 as long as vein 2cu-a; vein 4Rs 0.86 as long as vein 4M, slightly sinuous, almost straight; cell 1+2Rs 0.90 as high as pterostigma, pentagonal; vein 2M distinctly longer than vein 3M; vein 3M distinct, 0.50 as long as vein 2M. Hind wing: vein 1Cu 1.67 as long as vein cu-a; vein 2-1A reaching 0.61 of distance to posterior margin.

Legs. Tibia with sparse short bristles; hind coxa elongate.

Metasoma. T1 0.57 as long as hind femur, with faint basolateral tooth; anteriorly smooth, posteriorly coriarious; spiracle at anterior 0.58, not prominent; postpetiole dorso-anteriorly convex; T2–8 minutely coriarious; sparsely pilose; T2 0.99 as long as wide at apex; apex of T2 1.83 as wide as base. Dorsal valve of ovipositor with nodus indistinct; apex of lower valve with series of teeth; notch present.

Color. Head, mesosoma and metasoma bright yellow (246,230,111) with black marks. Head: yellow; mandible apex, supra-antennal area medially, interocellar area, large dorsal band at vertex, and occiput, blackish; scape ventrally pale yellow, dorsally dark brown; pedicel brownish; flagellum basally brownish, blackish towards apex, f5 entirely white, f6–12 partially white. Mesosoma : mostly yellow; pronotum black except collar laterally and pronotal swelling, bright yellow; mesoscutum black, except longitudinal lanceolate mark at posterior 0.9 of central lobe; both axillary trough of mesonotum and metanotum, central mark at mesopleuron around hypoepimeron, carinal triangle, and anterior portion of propodeum, black; posterior portion of propodeum yellow, with three longitudinal black stripes, central one between crests, lateral ones along pleural carina. Legs: bright yellow, except for the following black marks: apical mark dorsally at mid coxa, hind coxa dorsally, hind coxa ventrally at basal 0.6, fore and mid t5. Metasoma: black and yellow; T1 bright yellow, dorsally with medial 0.6–0.7 black, ventrally dark brown; T2–5 and posterior 0.4 of T7–8 and thin lateral marks, bright yellow; T6 bright yellow; S2–8 bright yellow.

Variation. Specimens very similar, except by the following slight variations: apical margin of clypeus sometimes medially straight; U-shaped carina between antennal foramens inconspicuous; mesopleuron sometimes with small rounded black spot above sternaulus and just behind epicnemial carina; surface over sternaulus sometimes entirely yellow except for small point just before mid coxa; median longitudinal carinae at anterior portion of propodeum sometimes faint; lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum straight; juxtacoxal carina faint; first hind trochanter sometimes dorsally fulvous or blackish. Antenna of one specimen from Honduras with 23 flagellomeres; white band starting at flagellomere 5. Differences in tonality include variations from bright yellow (246,230,111) to pale orange (226,175,085), including pale yellow (216,179,109).

Comments. This is the only known species with a well developed median longitudinal elevation at supraantennal area. Other four species have this elevation as a very slight swelling: T. morelus sp. nov., T. teutonius sp. nov. and T. marowijnus sp. nov., from which it can be readily differentiated by epicnecium and mesothoracic venter yellowish (vs. black in, T. morelus sp. nov., T. teutonius sp. nov. and T. marowijnus sp. nov.; Figs. 18 View FIGURES 16–19 , 24 View FIGURES 24–27 , and 20), and T. heredius sp. nov., from which it differs in having the mandible base, clypeus and supraclypeal area entirely yellowish (vs. mandible base, clypeal apex centrally, and supraclypeal area just around clypeus, black; Fig. 75 View FIGURES 70–84 ), scutellar carina restricted approximately to anterior 0.3 (vs. reaching anterior 0.6; Fig. 160 View FIGURES 157–162 ), hind margin of metanotum without teeth or carinae (vs. with two short lateral carinae extending towards transverse furrow at base of propodeum).

Male. Very similar to female, except as follows. Propodeum sometimes medially longitudinally swollen, as in T. sp. 25; one male from Yucatán, Mexico with orange instead of yellow marks .

Distribution. Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Venezuela. Recorded from 11 localities from Mexico to Venezuela ( Fig. 204 View FIGURES 200–207 ). The type locality is Venezuela; the present work adds records from ten localities: Vera Cruz , Yucatán ( Mexico); Guatalón, Sololá ( Guatemala), Atlántida ( Honduras); Rivas ( Nicaragua); Guanacaste, San José, Cartago ( Costa Rica); Chiriqui ( Panama). These records comprise a range of 31°54’ in latitude.

Biology. Parasitoid of Mischocyttarus basimacula (Cameron) ( Vespidae , Polistinae ), new record, in Guatalón, Guatemala (14°40’N 89°24’W). This record is based on one female reared between March and April of 1931, by J. Bequaert, but without specific determination. One male with same label data was reared from Mischocyttarus indeterminabilis ( Vespidae , Polistinae ), new record.

Material examined. 14 females and 4 males. Holotype ♀, VENEZUELA, WB Zoologie ( MLUH). Other specimens: MEXICO: 1 ♂ from Veracruz, Fortín de las Flores—Sumidero, Planta de la Cerveceria, Ing. Daniel Rabago Res. Elev. 2500–3000 FT. H.V.Weens, Jr. 27–28.IV.1965, Black light trap. Toechorychus sp. 1 , det. C.C.Porter, 1973 ( FSCA). 1 ♂ from Yucatán, Chichen-itza, 15.IX.1952, J. & D.Pallister, C.R.Vose Fund, Explorers Club, AMNH Exped. ( AMNH). 1 ♀ from Yucatán, Chichen-itza, E.C.Welling leg., 25.II.1956, Toechorychus sp. 5 , Townes, 1964 ( AEIC). GUATEMALA: 1 ♀ from Guatalón, Mocá, 1000 m, March to April–1931, J.Bequaert, Mesostenus abactus Cress. C.W.T.Muesebeck. Host : Mischocyttarus basimacula (Cameron) (USNM) . 1 ♂ from Guatalon, Moca, 1000 m, III–IV.1931, J.Bequaert, Toechorychus abactus (Cresson) Host : Mischocyttarus indeterminabilis (USNM) . 1 ♀ from Sololá, Finca, Santa Cruz, Quixaya nr. Border W/ Suchitepequez, 02.XI. 1978, 840 m, C. & J.Porter. HONDURAS: 1 ♀ from Atlántida, Tela, Lancetilla, 05.VII.1990, R.Cave leg. ( FSCA). NICARAGUA: 1 ♀ from Rivas, San Juan del Sur, a. l., 29.XII.1968, J.Geijskes, Museum Leiden. ( RMNH). COSTA RICA: 1 ♀ from Guanacaste, Santa Rosa National Park, 8.XI.1977, D.H.Janzen, Riparian. 1 ♀, same data, except 24.IX.1977; 1 ♀, same data, except 24.VIII.1977; 1 ♀, same data, except 31.X.1977; 1 ♀, same data, except 18.X.1977. 1 ♀ from Guanacaste, Santa Rosa National Park, Dry Hill, 3.VII.1977, D.H.Janzen ( AEIC). 1 ♂ from San José, Escazú, 21.V.1987, H. & M.Townes leg. ( AEIC). 1 ♀ from Cartago, Pacayas, C.Werckele. ( AMNH). PANAMA: 1 ♀ from Chiriqui, 15 Km W Hato del Volcán, 24–31.V.1977, Malaise trap ( AEIC).

MLUH	Martin Luther Universitaet
FSCA	Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology
AMNH	American Museum of Natural History
AEIC	American Entomological Institute
RMNH	National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis

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Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Hymenoptera
Family	Ichneumonidae
Genus	Toechorychus