Stutchburia, Etheridge, 1900

Bailey, Jack Bowman, 2021, The genera that never were: The impact of Janeia and Janacekia on phyletic and taxonomic relations within the Solemyidae (Bivalvia: Protobranchia), Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 24 (1), pp. 1-47 : 35-38

Genus STUTCHBURIA Etheridge, 1900

Type species. By original designation, Orthonota? costata Morris, 1845 ; Permian, southeastern Australia .

Remarks. Needs further study. Logan’s (1967) placement of Cardiomorpha modioliformis King in Stutchburia is uncertain. Although the subquadrate shell profile and coarse radial ribs of the type species are lacking, Logan (1967, p. 50) argued that Etheridge’s original definition of Stutchburia was broadly defined to include forms with a modioloid outline and variable prosopon.

Stutchburia ? cf. modioliformis (King, 1850) sp. inq.

Remark. Howse’s (1857a, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9) simple drawing of Solemya abnormis Howse superficially compares with Stutchburia modioliformis (King,

1850), but hinge, ligament, and interior unknown.

1848 Solenimya abnormis Howse , p. 244 [description only; Pc, Pr0; prosopon with comarginal “waves”; anisomyarian; adductor muscles deeply impressed; hinge and ligament unknown; not a solemyid]; Upper Permian, Magnesian Limestone, Silksworth and Tunstall.

non 1850 Janeia biarmica (de Verneuil) ; King, p. 178 (non de Verneuil, 1845); [no figure; in error, King considered Solenomya abnormis of Howse to be a junior synonym of J. biarmica (de Verneuil) .

? p 1850 Cardiomorpha modioliformis King , p. 180, pl. 14, 20-22; non figs. 18, 19, 23; Upper Permian, “Shell-Limestone”, Tunstall Hill, Ryehope Field-House-Farm and Humbleton Quarry, Durham, England.

1857a Solemya abnormis Howse ; Howse, p. 309; pl. 4, figs. 8, 9 [figures to accompany 1848 description; Pc, Pr0; modioloid profile, anisomyarian, not a solemyid]; Upper Permian, “Shell-Limestone”, Silksworth, Durham, England.

1858 Solemya biarmica? de Verneuil ; Howse (?Howse), p. 266, pl. 11, figs. 8, 9 [same specimen was shown by Howse (1857a) under the name of Solemya abnormis ]; Upper Permian, “Shell Limestone”, Silksworth, Durham, England.

? 1967 Stutchburia modioliformis (King) ; Logan, p. 51, pl. 8, fig. 8a-e (= lectotype); [compares with both Solemya abnormis Howse and Cardiomorpha modioliformis King ]; Upper Permian, Middle Magnesian Limestone, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England.

? p 1981 Stutchburia modioliformis (King) ; Muromtseva, p. 41, pl. 10, fig. 11?, non 12a [gen. et sp. indet.]; Permian, Novaya Zemlya.

? 1984 Stutchburia modioliformis (King) ; Muromtseva and Guskov, p. 85, pl. 5, pl. 5, figs. 2, 10, 11; pl. 24, fig. 9a-b [compares with Solemya abnorm is Howse]; Upper Permian, Russian Platform, Urals and Pechora Basin.

PROBLEMATICA (incertae sedis)

Remarks. The following listings marked ?? are either generically indeterminate or misidentified, etc. See comments in brackets.

?? Solenomya phillipsiana King, 1850, p. 179 , pl. 16, fig. 8. [nom. dub.; Howse (1849, p. 9) called it a “mere fiction” based allegedly on nonexistent material from the “Shell-Limestone”]; Humbledon Quarry, Durham, England.

non 1854 Solenomya phillipsiana King ; Schauroth, p.

553, pl. 21, fig. 5 [Pc, Pr1; gen.indet.]; Upper

Permian (lower Zechstein), Bucha, Germany.

non 1861 Solemya biarmica de Verneuil ; Geinitz, p. 60, pl. 12, fig. 19a-c [gen. indet.; Schauroth’s original specimen of S. phillipsiana was refigured but significantly altered and reassigned in error by Geinitz to S. biarmica ]; Upper Permian (lower Zechstein), Bucha, Germany.

?? Solemya arcuata (Philllips) ; de Ryckholt, (1847)

1854, p. 52 [no figure; not a solemyid; based solely on earlier studies of Phillips and King]; Lower Carboniferous, (Tournaisian) l’argile carbonifère, Tournai, Belgium.

? 1836 Sanguinolaria? arcuata Phillips (?Phillips) 1836, p. 209, pl. 5, fig. 4 [possible mytilid, aff. Lithophaga Röding, 1798 ]; Harelaw, Northumberland, England.

non 1849 Sanguinolites arcuatus (Phillips) ; Brown, p.

219, pl. 90, fig. 16 [drawing after Phillips; possible mytilid, aff. Lithophaga ].

non 1850 Edmondia arcuata (Phillips) ; King, p. 164 [no figure].

non 1899 Edmondia arcuata (Phillips) ; Hind, p. 310, pl. 35, fig. 2 [= Acharax ?; solemyiform shell, expanded brevidorsal auricle; Bts?, PAe?, Pc, Pr0]; fig. 3 [like fig. 2 but with fine radial ornament; Pc, Pr1]; Carboniferous, Redesdale Ironstone series, Northumberland; non pl. 35, figs. 1, 4, 6-10; Hurlet Limestone, St.

Monans, Fife, and Redesdale Ironstone, Northumberland.

non 1903 Edmondia? arcuata Cleland (?Cleland), 1903, p. 44, pl. 4, figs. 5-7 [= possible Edmondia but junior homonym of Edmondia arcuata (Phillips) ]; Ordovician (Beekmantown), New York.

?? Solemya devonica de Ryckholt (1847) 1854, p.

51, pl. 16, figs. 16, 17; [gen. indet.; possible solemyid based on description, but fig. 16 is badly flawed, described by de Ryckolt himself, p. 51, as

“plus inexacte”]; Devonian, Eifel.

1878 Solenomya devonica de Ryckholt ; Bigsby, p. 76 [no figure]; Devonian, Eifel, Paffrath, Germany.

?? Solemya parallela de Ryckholt, (1847) 1854, p.

51, pl. 11, figs. 11, 12. [non Solenomya parallela

Beede and Rogers (1899); Pr0; parallel dorsal and ventral margins; beaks placed at extreme breviterminus; treated by Hind (1899, p. 318) as possible synonym of Edmondia sulcata Phillips, 1836 ; not a solemyid; possible pholadomyid, cf. Wilkingia Wilson, 1959 ]; Lower Carboniferous, (Tournaisian)

Tournai, Belgium.

non 1885 Solemya parallela de Ryckholt ; de Koninck, p. 121, pl. 23, figs. 35, 36 [possible solemyid?, Pr0, Ne?]; non figs. 37, 38 [= Edmondia , cf. arcuata (Phillips) ]; Lower Carboniferous, (Tournaisian), calschiste de Tournai, Belgium.

?? Solemya (?) recurvata Swallow (?Swallow) 1858,

p. 208-209 [gen. indet.; description only; no figure;

described as showing the remains of an external ligament; recurving gibbous shell, large beaks;

comarginal growth laminae described; radii not indicated]; Upper Coal Measures, Clifton Park,

Kansas.

1877 Solenomya recurvata Swallow ; Miller, p. 204 [no figure].

1889 Solenomya recurvata Swallow ; Miller, p. 512 [no figure].

1896 Solemya recurvata Swallow ; Hind, p. 29 [no figure].

?? Solenomya monroensis Worthen, 1884, p. 13 .

[gen. indet.; description only; no figure; size small with comarginal growth lines; ligament, hinge and interior unknown]; Mississippian, St. Louis Limestone, Monroe Co., Illinois.

1889 Solenomya monroensis Worthen ; Miller, p.

512 [no figure].

1896 Solenomya monroensis Worthen ; Hind, p. 52 [no figure].

1890 Solenomya monroensis Worthen ; Worthen, p. 131, pl. 18, fig. 5, 5a [copy of 1884 description; figure 5 shows umbo too narrow and prominent for a solemyid; radii lacking; evenly spaced comarginal growth varices; oblique longiterminus with longidorsum slightly elevated; dorsum (Worthen’s fig. 5a) shows no evidence of ligament; form suggestive of Edmondia ].

?? Solenomya varsoviensis Worthen, 1884, p. 12 [no figure; description of the shell form and size; ligament, hinge, and interior unknown]; Mississippian,

Keokuk Limestone, Warsaw, Illinois.

1889 Solenomya varsoviensis Worthen ; Miller, p.

512 [no figure].

? 1890 Solenomya varsoviensis Worthen ; Worthen, p. 131 [copy of 1884 description], pl. 19, fig. 7 [not a solemyid; featureless; outline compares with Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen, 1873 ]; non pl. 19, fig. 8, 8a [not a solemyid; smooth outer surface; posteriorly elongate and expanded; dorsal view shows no ligament; concave posterodorsal margin; possibly with large posterior gape; probable pholadomyid, cf. Chaenomya Meek, 1864 ; compares with Anelli et al., fig. 7A]; Mississippian, Keokuk Limestone, Warsaw, Illinois.

1896 Solenomya varsoviensis Worthen ; Hind, 1896, p. 52 [no figure].

?? Solenomya? iowensis Worthen (?Worthen), 1884,

p. 13 [no figure; size (small) and shell shape described; ornament, ligament and internal features unknown]; Mississippian, St. Louis Limestone, Pella, Iowa.

1889 Solenomya iowensis Worthen ; Miller, p. 512 [no figure].

1890 Solenomya? iowensis Worthen (?Worthen); Worthen, p. 132 [copy of 1884 description]; pl. 19, fig. 5, 5a [not a solemyid; possible kalenterid, cf. Pleurophorella ? Girty, 1904; compares with Anelli et al., 2009, fig. 2H]; Mississippian, St. Louis Limestone, Pella, Iowa.

1896 Solenomya? iowensis Worthen (?Worthen); Hind, p. 52 [no figure].

?? Solenomya subradiata Herrick, 1887, p. 30 , pl. 3,

fig. 8. [gen. indet.; possible solemyid? Shell thin,

somewhat solemyiform with prosoponal radii, but umbos too prominent; protruding heel on breviterminus; hinge, ligament, and interior unknown];

Coal Measures, (Pennsylvanian), Flint Ridge,

Ohio.

?? Solenomya ? cuyahogensis Herrick (?Herrick),

1888, p. 115, pl.10, fig. 1 [gen. indet.; short valves,

very small and conjoined; probably not a bivalve;

possible conchostracan. Herrick thought it might be

Edmondia ]; Lower Mississippian, Waverly Group,

Cuyahoga Falls , Ohio .

? 1895 Solenomya ? cuyahogensis Herrick (?Herrick); Herrick, pl. 22, fig. 25 [gen. indet.; short valves, very small and conjoined – possible conchostracan]; Carboniferous, Cuyahoga Shale, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.

?? Janeia phaseolina (Goldfuss) ; Beushausen,

1895, p. 295 pl. 26, figs. 6, 7, 9 [a heterogeneous mix].

? 1840 Sanginolaria phaseolina Goldfuss , p. 279, pl. 159, fig. 15 [gen. et sp. indet; Pc, Pr1; elevated umbos, hinge, ligament and interior unknown]; Devonian, Eifel.

non 1855 Edmondia phaseolina (Goldfuss) ; M’Coy, 1855, p. 502. Lower Carboniferous limestone, Lowick, Northumberland; [= Edmondia lowickensis Hind, 1899, p. 296 , pl. 33, figs. 1-

4]; Carboniferous, Fourlaws Limestone, Coombs, Northumberland, etc.

? 1895 Janeia phaseolina (Goldfuss) ; Beushausen, pl. 26, fig. 9 [copy of Goldfuss’s type; differs slightly, hinge, ligament and interior unknown; Pc; gen. et sp. indet.; possible edmondiid?].

? 1895 Janeia phaseolina (Goldfuss) ; Beushausen, p. 296, text-fig. 31 [differs from Goldfuss’ type; hinge, ligament, and interior uniknown = Edmondia ?]; Middle Devonian, Gerolstein, Germany.

? 1895 Janeia phaseolina (Goldfuss) ; Beushausen, pl. 26, fig. 6 [differs in form Goldfuss’ type and from text-fig. 31; shell thick; Pc (strong), buttress lacking; hinge and ligament uknown; = Edmondia ?]; Devonian, Eifel.

? 1895 Janeia phaseolina (Goldfuss) ; Beushausen, pl. 26, fig. 7, [significantly differs from Beushausen’s other examples of J. phaseolina ; short, sulcate shell with tumid umbos; possible sanguinolitid, = Myofossa ? Waterhouse]; Middle Devonian, Gerolstein, Germany.

?? Solenomya brevis Hind, 1907, p. 351 , pl. 2, figs.

45, 47 [Pr0; gen.indet.; non-solemyid shell profile;

hinge, ligament and interior unknown]; Carboniferous, Millstone Grit, Coatbridge, Dumbartonshire,

Scotland.

?? Solenomya ? sharonensis Morningstar (?Morningstar), 1922, p. 194, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2, [not a solemyid; characters include small but prominent umbos, nasute longiterminus; straight/slightly declining hinge line; possible modiomorphoid, aff. Sphenotomorpha Williams and Breger, 1916 ]; Pennsylvanian, Scioto Co., Ohio.

?? Solenomya sp. McKee, 1938, pl. 15, fig. 4. [gen. indet; not a solemyid; Pr0; ventrally embayed; alate; elevated subcentral umbos]; pl. 15, fig. 10 [gen. indet.; Kues and Lucas (1989, p. 171) called it Sanguinolites ?]; Permian, ‘β’ member, Kaibab Formation, Grand Canyon, Arizona.

?? Solemya (Janeia) elliptica Zhang, 1977, p. 526 , pl. 200, figs. 16, 17 [Pr2; possible solemyin, cf. Acharax ?, but ligament and internal morphology not observed]; Permian, south-central (Hubei, Hunan), China.

?? Solemya (Janeia) minuta Zhang, 1977, p. 526 , pl. 200, fig. 18 [Pr2; hinge, ligament not observed, possible solemyin?]; Permian, south-central (Lichuan, Hubei) China.

?? Solemya (Janeia) sp. Kues and Lucas, 1989, p. 171, fig. 3A-C [gen. indet.; poorly preserved]; Permian, San Andres Formation, Ojo Caliente, New Mexico.

?? Solemya (Jania) [sic] sp. Hoare, 2007, p. 65, fig. 3.20; [gen. indet.; broken shell with radiating ridges intersected by coarse comarginal discontinuities; probably not a solemyid]; Mississippian, Maxville Limestone, Ohio.