Raveniola hyrcanica Dunin, 1988

Zonstein, Sergei, Kunt, Kadir B. & Yağmur, Ersen A., 2018, A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). I. Species from Western Asia, European Journal of Taxonomy 399, pp. 1-93 : 13-15

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2018.399
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E836E138-D6E2-4F62-B4B3-CE2E073F2B24
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5980281
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B9B44C-567B-0C29-516C-84AAFB694D74
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Raveniola hyrcanica Dunin, 1988
status

Treatment

Raveniola hyrcanica Dunin, 1988 View in CoL

Figs 6–9 View Figs 1–6 View Figs 7–12 , 13–14 View Figs 13–18 , 21–22 View Figs 19–24 , 25, 29–30 View Figs 25–30 , 33, 35 View Figs 31–36 , 46–47 View Figs43–51 , 62, 65 View Figs 59–67 , 70 View Figs 68–73 , 86 View Figs 84–89 ,

104 View Figs 102–116 , 119 View Figs 117–128 , 131 View Figs129–132 , 151 View Figs 149–152 , 176–177 View Figs 171–179 , 200–201 View Figs 198–203 , 220 View Figure 220

Raveniola hyrcanica Dunin, 1988: 1245 View in CoL , figs 1–7 (♂♀).

Raveniola hyrcanica View in CoL – Platnick 1993: 95. — Mikhailov 1997: 20.

Diagnosis

Different from other members of the same group by having a shorter embolus with a sharp embolic keel ( Figs 176–177 View Figs 171–179 ; cf. Figs 171–175, 178–179 View Figs 171–179 ) and by possessing very wide and moderately long spermathecae with median and lateral receptacles spaced apart ( Figs 200–201 View Figs 198–203 ; cf. Figs 198–199, 202– 203 View Figs 198–203 ).

Material examined

Holotype AZERBAIJAN: ♂, Talysh Mts, foothills 1 km SW of Haftoni (also spelled as Gaftoni) , 38°45.2′ N, 48°45.1′ E, 300 m, 5 May 1985, P.M. Dunin leg. ( ZISP). GoogleMaps

Paratypes (3 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀) AZERBAIJAN: 5 ♀♀, Avrora, 38°39′ N, 48°47′ E, 50 m, 30 Apr. 1985, P.M. Dunin leg. ( ZISP, ZMMU); GoogleMaps 3 ♀♀, Haftoni , 38°45′ N, 48°45′ E, 200 m, 4 May 1985, P.M. Dunin leg. ( ZISP, ZMMU); GoogleMaps 3 ♂♂, Istisu , 38°27′ N, 48°40′ E, 300 m, 7 May 1985, P.M. Dunin leg. ( ZMMU, ZISP, TAU); GoogleMaps 1 ♀, Osakuca , 38°45′ N, 48°40′ E, 250 m, 10 May 1985, P.M. Dunin leg. ( ZISP); GoogleMaps 2 ♀♀, Avas , 38°54′ N, 48°06′ E, 1200 m, 12 Jul. 1985, P.M. Dunin leg. ( ZISP). GoogleMaps

Additional material (3♂♂, 6♀♀, 2 juvs)

AZERBAIJAN: 1 ♀, Alekseevka (environs of Avrora), 3 May 1936, A.V. Bogachev leg. ( ZISP); 1 juv., Dastatuk , 38°41′ N, 48°45′ E, 200 m, 6 Aug. 1983, S.D. Dashdamirov leg. ( ZISP); GoogleMaps 2 ♀♀, Avrora, 50–300 m, Jan. 1983, A.V. Tanasevich leg. ( ZMMU); same locality but 3 Jul. 1983, 1 ♀, D.V. Logunov leg. ( ZMMU); 2 ♀♀, same locality but 21 Sep. 1987, S.L. Zonstein leg. (TAU); 1 juv., Apo , 38°38′ N, 48°47.5′ E, 23–28 May 2003, Y.M. Marusik leg. ( ZMMU); GoogleMaps 3 ♂♂, Mamusta , 38°38′ N, 48°47′ E, 27 May 2003, Y.M. Marusik leg. ( TAU). GoogleMaps

Redescription

Male (holotype)

HABITUS. See Fig. 46. View Figs43–51

MEASUREMENTS. TBL 21.90, CL 8.33, CW 7.70, LL 0.70, LW 1.87, SL 4.03, SW 3.85.

COLOUR. Carapace reddish chestnut with dense brownish black pilosity, eye tubercle not darkened but with partially fused blackish brown spots bordering eyes; chelicerae, almost whole leg I (except lighter tarsus), femora of palps and legs II–IV dorsally dark reddish chestnut; other parts of legs dorsally with lighter reddish chestnut coloration; sternum, labium, maxillae, palps and legs ventrally light brownish orange; abdomen dorsally light chestnut, with numerous, small lighter brownish spots, ventral abdominal surface and spinnerets light yellowish brown.

PROSOMA. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 70 View Figs 68–73 . Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 104 View Figs 102–116 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.22(0.29), ALE 0.28, PLE 0.22, PME 0.16, AME–AME 0.17(0.10), ALE–AME 0.15(0.11), ALE–PLE 0.20, PLE–PME 0.10, PME–PME 0.56. Chelicerae: each furrow with 10–11 promarginal teeth and 0–1 mesobasal denticles. Maxillae with 8 large cuspules each. Sternal sigilla oval and submarginal, as shown in Fig. 62. View Figs 59–67

LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as shown in Fig. 131 View Figs129–132 . Scopula (dense, scopuliform hairs moderately long): distal on metatarsi I–II, entire on tarsi I–II; absent on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–12 each on tibiae, 13–18 on metatarsi, 15–19 on tarsi, 10 on cymbium. Paired tarsal claws: inner and outer margins with 7–8 teeth each.

SPINATION. Palp: femur d0–1–1, pd1; tibia d1–1, p1–1–1, r1, pv1–1–1, v1–1; tarsus d4. Leg I: femur d1–1–0–0, pd1–1; tibia p1–1, v2–1–m–m. Leg II: femur d1–1–0–0, pd1–1; patella p1; tibia p1–1(0)–1, v1(2)–2(1)–3; metatarsus v2–2(1)–2. Leg III: femur d1–1–0–0, pd1; patella p1(0)–1, r1; tibia d1–1, p1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus d1–1, p1–1, r1–1–1–1, v2–2(3)–3. Leg IV: femur d0–1(0)–1(0)–0, pd1, rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p1–1–1, r1–1–1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus d1–1, p1–1–1–1, r1–1–1–1–1, v2– 2–1(2)–3. Metatarsus I and patella I aspinose.

PALP. Tibia, cymbium and palpal organ as shown in Fig. 151 View Figs 149–152 . Palpal organ with unusually short embolus, carrying a sharp keel ( Figs 176, 177 View Figs 171–179 ).

SPINNERETS. PMS: length 0.63; diameter 0.35. PLS: maximal diameter 0.70; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.10, 0.77, 1.02; total length 2.89; apical segment shortly digitiform ( Fig. 65 View Figs 59–67 ).

LEG MEASUREMENTS. ♂(♀).

	Femur	Patella	Tibia	Metatarsus	Tarsus	Total
Palp	4.17 (4.93)	2.65 (3.20)	2.97 (3.25)	–	1.67 (2.87)	11.46 (14.25)
Leg I	6.23 (6.70)	4.37 (4.75)	5.05 (5.07)	5.27 (4.15)	2.95 (2.67)	23.87 (23.34)
Leg II	5.77 (5.97)	3.55 (4.03)	4.23 (4.20)	4.50 (3.87)	2.77 (2.60)	20.82 (20.67)
Leg III	5.10 (5.03)	3.03 (3.35)	3.35 (3.50)	4.67 (4.35)	2.65 (2.53)	19.00 (18.76)
Leg IV	6.47 (7.05)	3.83 (3.67)	4.93 (5.03)	6.25 (6.30)	2.97 (2.73)	24.45 (24.78)

Female (paratype, from Haftoni)

HABITUS. See Fig. 47. View Figs43–51

MEASUREMENTS. TBL 28.50, CL 9.57, CW 8.53, LL 1.10, LW 1.88, SL 4.70, SW 4.37.

COLOUR. As in male, but legs I–IV dorsally uniformly reddish-chestnut.

PROSOMA. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 86 View Figs 84–89 , cephalic part noticeably elevated over thoracic part. Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 119 View Figs 117–128 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20(0.28), ALE 0.32, PLE 0.25, PME 0.16, AME–AME 0.22(0.15), ALE–AME 0.23(0.19), ALE–PLE 0.22, PLE–PME 0.08, PME–PME 0.71. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 3–5 mesobasal denticles. Maxillae trapezoidal, each with 7–8 cuspules.

LEGS. Scopula: dense, scopuliform hairs moderately long. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 10–12 each on tibiae, 12–17 on metatarsi, 13–16 on tarsi, 11 on palpal tarsus. Paired tarsal claws: outer margin with 5–6 teeth, inner one with 4–5 teeth. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth.

SPINATION. Femora I–II with one basodorsal spine and 2–3 dorsal bristles; patellae I–II and palpal patella aspinose. Palp: femur d1, pd1(0); tibia v2–2–2(3); tarsus d7(8). Leg I: femur d1, pd1; tibia v2–1–2– 2(3); metatarsus v2–2–2(3). Leg II: femur d1; pd1; tibia p1(0)–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus v2–2–2(3). Leg III: femur d1(0)–1, pd1, rd1(0)–1; patella p1, r1; tibia p1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1, r1–1–1, v2–1(0)–2–3. Leg IV: femur d1–1–1(0)–1(0), pd1, rd1; patella r1; tibia p1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1–1, r1–1–1–1, v2–2–1–2–2.

SPERMATHECAE. Low and broad, with very widely spaced receptacles ( Fig. 201 View Figs 198–203 ).

SPINNERETS. PMS: length 0.75; diameter 0.55. PLS: maximal diameter 0.78; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.05, 0.60, 0.83; total length 2.48; apical segment shortly digitiform.

Variation

Carapace length in males varies from 7.25 to 8.57, in females from 6.88 to 10.13. In some females, the dorsal abdominal pattern is almost indistinct. Spermathecae show a quite insignificant variation (cf. Figs 200–201 View Figs 198–203 ).

Ecology

The species inhabits dense broad-leaved piedmont and montane forests dominated by Parrotia persica (DC.) C.A. Mey and Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey (see Figs 228–229 View Figs 223–229 ). Unlike other congeners, the representatives of this species do not exclusively use natural hideouts but build simple open burrows in the forest floor. Burrow length reaches 30–35 cm, with diameter varying from 2.5 to 3.0 cm. It comprises a fairly straight vertical hole which then curves and ends in an expanded sub-horizontal dwelling chamber; no silk-lining was found ( Dunin 1988 and our own observations).

Distribution

South Azerbaijan: Talysh Mts (the northwestern continuation of Alborz). See Fig. 220 View Figure 220 .