Monophlebiidae

Ben-Dov, Y., 2011, An updated checklist of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the Margarodidae sensu lato group 2859, Zootaxa 2859, pp. 1-62 : 21-46

Family Monophlebiidae

Afrodrosicha Vayssière, 1968: 1493 . BD: 140.

Type species: Afrodrosicha nimbae Vayssière , by original designation.

nimbae Vayssière, 1968: 1493 . BD: 140. Distribution: Afrotropical: Guinea.

Host plant not indicated.

Aspidoproctus Newstead, 1901: 948 . BD: 141–142.

Type species: Walkeriana pertinax Newstead , by original designation.

armatus Newstead, 1911a: 160. BD: 142. Distribution: Afrotropical: Congo; Mozambique; Tanzania; Zimbabwe.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia , Brachystegia randii , Cassia , Erythrina , Erythrina tomentosa . Proteaceae : Protea angolensis .

bifurcatus Thorpe, 1940: 165. BD: 142–143. Distribution: Afrotropical: Tanzania; Zimbabwe.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Berlinia globifera , Cassia nodosa , Inga vera .

bouvieri Vayssière, 1914b: 333. BD: 143. Distribution: Afrotropical: Gabon.

Host plant not indicated.

carinatus ( Lindinger, 1913: 87). BD: 143. Distribution: Afrotropical: Tanzania.

On undetermined forest tree.

congolensis Vayssière, 1926: 285. BD: 143–144. Distribution: Afrotropical: Zaire.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Copaifera demeusii .

ellenbergeri Vayssière, 1926: 285. BD: 144. Distribution: Afrotropical: Zambia.

Host plant not indicated.

ghesquierei Vayssière, 1926: 288. BD: 144. Distribution: Afrotropical: Zaire.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Sophora vicifolia .

giganteus Newstead, 1914: 303 . BD: 145. Distribution: Afrotropical: Nigeria.

Host plants: Bombacaceae : Ceiba bombax .

glaber ( Lindinger, 1913: 87). BD: 145. Distribution: Afrotropical: Malawi; Zimbabwe.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Berlinia globiflora , Cassia florida .

magnicornis Thorpe, 1940: 169. BD: 145–146. Distribution: Afrotropical: Uganda.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Albizia stipulata , Cassia siamea , Pithecellobium saman .

maximus ( Lounsbury, 1908: 32) . BD: 146–147. Distribution: Afrotropical: Kenya; Zimbabwe.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Brachystegia , Brachystegia randii , Cassia florida , Ceratonia siliqua . Proteaceae : Grevillea , Grevillea robusta . Verbenaceae : Tectona grandis .

mimeuri Vayssière, 1924: 31. BD: 147. Distribution: Afrotropical: Senegal.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Tamarindus indica .

mirabilis ( Cockerell, 1901l: 248). BD: 147–148. Distribution: Afrotropical: Kenya; South Africa.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia , Mimosa .

neavei Newstead, 1917a: 4. BD: 148. Distribution: Afrotropical: Malawi.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Pericopsis angolensis .

pallidus (Newstead, 1908: 3). BD: 148. Distribution: Afrotropical: Kenya.

Host plant not indicated.

parvus ( Lindinger, 1913: 89). BD: 148. Distribution: Afrotropical: Tanzania.

Host plant not indicated.

pertinax ( Newstead, 1901: 947) . BD: 149. Distribution: Afrotropical: Malawi; Zimbabwe.

On unknown tree.

tricornis ( Newstead, 1912: 16). BD: 149. Distribution: Afrotropical: Malawi; South Africa; Zimbabwe.

Host plant not indicated.

verrucosus Newstead, 1917a: 5. BD: 150. Distribution: Afrotropical: Uganda.

Host plants: Moraceae : Ficus .

vuilleti ( Vayssière, 1913: 424). BD: 150. Distribution: Afrotropical: Niger.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia pinnata .

* Auloicerya Morrison , in Morrison & Morrison, 1923: 22. BD: 187. Type-species: Palaeococcus australis (Maskell) by original designation.

Note: This genus was synonymised with Icerya Cockerell by Unruh & Gullan (2008: 41).

Buchnericoccus Reyne, 1965b: 167 . BD: 152.

Type species: Buchnericoccus javanus Reyne , by original designation.

javanus Reyne, 1965b: 167 . BD: 152. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Java).

On unidentified tree.

* Corandesia Foldi, 2009: 6 .

Type species: Corandesia kozari Foldi , by original designation.

* kozari Foldi, 2009: 7-9 .

Neotropical: Venezuela.

Host plants: Asteraceae : Espeletia timotensis .

Crypticerya Cockerell, 1895z: 15 . BD: 154.

Type species: Icerya rosae Riley & Howard , by original designation.

abrahami ( Newstead, 1917a: 1). BD: 154. Distribution: Neotropical: Colombia; Guyana; Venezuela.

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Sapium jenmani .

* aegyptiensis Foldi, 2010: 291-295.

Distribution: Palaearctic: Egypt.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia tortilis raddiana .

brasiliensis ( Hempel, 1900a: 370) . BD: 193. Distribution: Neotropical: Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones); Brazil (São Paulo); Panama Canal Zone; Peru. Host plants: Arecaceae : Caryota . Bignoniaceae : Jacaranda acutifolia . Euphorbiaceae : Codiaeum . Lauraceae : Laurus camphora . Magnoliaceae : Liriodendron tulipifera . Moraceae : Ficus . Rosaceae : Rosa .

* bursera Unruh, 2008: 9.

Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Baja California ).

Host plants: Burseraceae : Bursera microphylla .

colimensis ( Cockerell, 1902o: 81). BD: 194. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Colima).

On undetermined shrub.

flava ( Hempel, 1920a: 334). BD: 195. Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo).

On the bark of indigenous trees commonly named 'cambara preta' and 'sucara' in Brazil.

flocculosa ( Hempel, 1932: 312). BD: 195. Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo).

Host plants: Fagaceae : Castanea . Rutaceae : Citrus .

genistae ( Hempel, 1912: 55). BD: 196–197.

Distribution: Nearctic: United States of America (Florida). Neotropical: Brazil (Espirito Santo, São Paulo); Guadeloupe.

Host plants: Arecaceae : Dypsis lutescens . Asteraceae : Ambrosia artemisifolia , Baccharis halimifolia , Bidens alba , Centratherum punctatum , Conyza canadensis , Eclipta prostrata , Eleuthernathera ruderalis , Emilia fosbergii , Eupatorium capillifolium , Helianthus debilis , Heterotheca subaxillaris , Mikania micrantha , Parthenium hysterophorus , Pluchea carolinensis , Pluchea carolinensis , Pluchea odorata , Solidago leavenworthii , Sonchus oleraceus , Sphagneticola trilobata , Tridax procumbens . Casuarinaceae : Casuarina equisetifolia . Convolvulaceae : Ipomaea pes-caprae , Ipomaea tiliacea , Merremia aegyptia . Cucurbitaceae : Momordica charantia . Cyperaceae : Carex , Rhynchospora . Euphorbiaceae : Chamaesyce hirta , Chamaesyce hypericifolia , Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia , Euphorbia heterophylla , Phyllanthus debilis , Poinsettia cyathophora , Ricinus communis . Fabaceae : Acacia cornigera , Acacia macracantha , Aeschynomene americana , Caesalpinia bonduc , Cajanus cajan , Calopogonium mucunoides , Canavalia rosea , Centrosema pubescens , Centrosema virginianum , Crotalaria incana , Crotalaria retusa , Desmanthus virgatus , Desmodium incanum , Desmodium tortuosum , Genista scoparia , Haematoxylon campechiamum , Indigofera suffruticosa , Indigofera tinctoria , Lespedeza striata , Macroptilium lathyroides , Mimosa pigra , Mimosa pudica , Pueraria phaseoloides , Rhyncosia minima , Senna obtusifolia , Senna polyphylla , Sesbania , Stylosanthes biflora , Teramnus labialis , Vicia acutifolia , Vigna luteola , Vigna waxiella . Onagraceae : Ludwigia peruviana . Poaceae : Bothriochloa pertusa . Primulaceae : Samolus valerandi . Rosaceae : Fragaria . Rubiaceae : Richardia grandiflora , Spermacoce verticillata . Sapindaceae : Filicium decipiens . Solanaceae : Solanum torvum . Sterculiaceae : Waltheria indica . Turneraceae : Tunera subulata . Ulmaceae : Trema micrantha . Vitaceae : Ampelopsis arborea , Vitis rotundifolia .

littoralis ( Cockerell, 1898j: 429) . BD: 198–199. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Oaxaca).

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Croton . Fabaceae : Mimosa , Prosopis .

Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Oaxaca).

luederwaldti ( Hempel, 1918: 197). BD: 200. Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo).

On leaves of a "salt loving plant".

* marocensis Foldi, 2010: 299-303.

Distribution: Palaearctic: Morocco.

Host plants: Rosaceae .

mexicana (Cockerell & Parrott) , in: Cockerell, 1899n: 4. BD: 272. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Aguascalientes).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Prosopis .

minima ( Morrison, 1919: 64) . BD: 201. Distribution: Neotropical: Argentina (Mendoza) .

Host plants: Chenopodiaceae : Suaeda divaricata .

montserratensis ( Riley & Howard, 1890b: 99). BD: 202–203.

Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Guerrero). Neotropical: Colombia; Grenada; Haiti; Mexico (Yucatan); Montserrat; Panama; Puerto Rico & Vieques Island ( Puerto Rico).

Host plants: Arecaceae : Cocos nucifera . Casuarinaceae : Casuarina equisetifolia . Fabaceae : Inga fagifolia , Inga vera , Prosopis , Samanea saman . Guttiferae: Calophyllum calaba , Mammea americana . Lauraceae : Persea americana . Lythraceae : Lawsonia inermis . Malpighiaceae : Byrsonima coriacea . Moraceae : Ficus microcarpa . Musaceae : Musa . Myrtaceae : Psidium , Psidium guajava . Rutaceae : Citrus , Citrus grandis , Citrus paradisi . Sapotaceae : Chrysophyllum .

morrilli ( Cockerell, 1914a: 110) . BD: 272–273. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Baja California ); United States of America (Arizona).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia greggii , Haematoxylon boreale , Viborquia spinosa .

* multicicatrices Kondo & Unruh, 2009: 95.

Distribution: Neotropical: Colombia.

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica . Annonaceae : Annona muricata . Arecaceae . Berberidaceae : Nandina domestica . Clusiaceae : Rheedia madruno . Fabaceae : Caesalpinia peltophoroidea , Calliandra , Cassia fistula , Delonix regia , Pithecellobium dulce . Moraceae : Ficus .

palmeri ( Riley & Howard, 1890b: 103). BD: 204. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Sonora). Neotropical: Argentina; Chile.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Coursetia , Medicago . Poaceae . Rosaceae : Acaena argentea . Vitaceae : Vitis vinifera .

pimentae ( Newstead, 1917a: 2). BD: 159. Distribution: Neotropical: Jamaica.

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Pimenta officinalis .

rileyi ( Cockerell, 1895z: 15) . BD: 218. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Durango) ; United States of America (Arizona, New Mexico) . Neotropical: Mexico (Chihuahua) .

Host plants: Fabaceae : Larrea , Prosopis , Prosopis velutina . Zygophyllaceae : Covillea glutinosa .

rosae (Riley & Howard, 1890: 333) . BD: 159–160.

Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Oaxaca); United States of America (Florida). Neotropical: Guadeloupe; Haiti; Mexico (Chiapas); Puerto Rico & Vieques Island ( Puerto Rico).

Host plants: Bignoniaceae : Jacaranda mimosifolia . Casuarinaceae : Casuarina equisetifolia . Fabaceae : Haematoxylum campechianum , Pithecellobium unguis-cati , Prosopis . Flacourtiaceae : Casearia aculeata . Malpighiaceae : Malpighia punicifolia . Pinaceae : Pinus caribaea . Rosaceae : Rosa . Sapotaceae : Sideroxylon obovatum . Zygophyllaceae : Guaiacum officinale .

similis ( Morrison, 1927: 108). BD: 224. Distribution: Neotropical: El Salvador; Panama; Trinidad and Tobago ( Trinidad).

Host plants: Arecaceae : Cocos nucifera . Fabaceae : Cassia fistula . Guttiferae: Clusia alba . Rutaceae : Citrus .

subandina ( Leonardi, 1911: 238). BD: 224–225. Distribution: Neotropical: Argentina (Mendoza, Tucuman) .

Host plants: Fabaceae : Piptadenia macrocarpa . Zygophyllaceae : Bulnesia retama .

tabernicola ( Ferris, 1921: 70). BD: 275. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Baja California ); United States of America ( California ).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Prosopis . Zygophyllaceae : Larrea divaricata , Larrea tridentata .

* thibaudi Foldi, 2010: 295-299.

Distribution: Palaearctic: Egypt.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia tortilis raddiana .

townsendi ( Cockerell, 1896o: 201). BD: 275–276.

Distribution: Nearctic: United States of America ( California , New Mexico).

Host plants: Asteraceae : Ambrosia eriocentra , Bahia chrysanthemoides , Grindelia squarrosa , Gutierrezia sarothrae , Gutierrezia , Peucephyllum schottii , Picradenia florabunda , Pluchea , Pluchea borealis , Townsendia grandiflora .

tuberculata ( Morrison, 1941: 140). BD: 276. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Oaxaca).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia pennatula , Caesalpinia coriaria .

zeteki (Cockerell, 1914: 148) . BD: 193.

Distribution: Neotropical: Panama Canal Zone.

Host plant: Cockerell (1914) stated in the title " a new cotton scale" but in the descriptive text he indicated "On stems of an undetermined plant, having dark red colour externally and much white pith within.".

Note: Icerya zeteki was listed in Ben-Dov (2005a: 193) as a synonym of Icerya brasiliensis . Unruh & Gullan (2008) revalidated this species.

Drosicha Walker, 1858: 306 . BD: 160–161.

Type species: Drosicha contrahens Walker , by original designation.

afganica Jashenko, 1994c: 36. BD: 161. Distribution: Palaearctic: Afghanistan.

Host plants: Rosaceae : Mespilus .

burmeisteri ( Westwood, 1845: 22). BD: 162. Distribution: Oriental: Thailand. Palaearctic: Japan (Kyushu).

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Rhus . Dipterocarpaceae : Dipterocarpus . Fagaceae : Quercus . Lauraceae : Machilus . Pinaceae : Pinus .

contrahens Walker, 1858: 306 . BD: 162–163.

Distribution: Oriental: China (Fujian, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Sri Lanka; Taiwan. Palaearctic: China (Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong).

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Phyllanthus . Lauraceae : Persea gratissima . Moraceae : Morus . Rosaceae : Malus pumila , Pyrus communis .

corpulenta ( Kuwana, 1902: 46). BD: 163–165.

Distribution: Oriental: China (Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan). Palaearctic: China (Anhui, Beijing, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Shanxi, Xingiang, Tibet); Japan; North Korea; Russia (Khabarovsk Kray, Primor'ye Kray); South Korea.

Host plants: Aceraceae : Acer barbinerve , Acer mono . Aquifoliaceae : Ilex integra . Araliaceae : Fatsia japonica . Asteraceae : Petasites japonica . Berberidaceae : Mahonia japonica . Caprifoliaceae : Viburnum tomentosum . Cornaceae : Cornus officinalis . Ebenaceae : Diospyros kaki . Elaeagnaceae : Elaeagnus longipes , Elaeagnus pungens . Fabaceae : Cercis sinensis , Gleditsia japonica . Fagaceae : Castanea vulgaris , Pasania cuspidata , Pasania glabra , Quercus , Quercus acuta , Quercus dentata , Quercus mongolica , Quercus serrata . Guttiferae: Hypericum patulum . Lythraceae : Lagerstroemia indica . Magnoliaceae : Liriodendron tulipifera . Moraceae : Ficus carica . Rhamnaceae : Ziziphus vulgaris . Rosaceae : Amelanchier asiatica , Malus , Malus pumila , Prunus persica , Pyrus malus , Pyrus sinensis , Sorbaria sorbifolia , Spiraea japonica . Rutaceae : Xanthoxylum piperitum . Theaceae : Taonabo japonica , Thea sasanqua . Ulmaceae : Celtis sinensis . Zingiberaceae : Zingiber mioga .

dalbergiae ( Stebbing, 1902: 142). BD: 165. Distribution: Oriental: India (West Bengal); Taiwan.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Dalbergia sissoo .

frauenfeldi ( Karsch, 1877: 16). BD: 165–166. Distribution: Oriental: Hong Kong.

Host plant not indicated.

howardi ( Kuwana, 1922: 40). BD: 166.

Distribution: Palaearctic: China (Gansu); Japan.

Host plants: Caprifoliaceae : Viburnum odoratisimum . Celastraceae : Euonymus europeus hamiltoniana . Fabaceae : Acacia armata , Wisteria chinensis multiguga . Malvaceae : Hibiscus syriacus . Philadelphaceae : Deutzia scabra crenata . Rosaceae : Kerria japonica , Prunus yezoensis , Rosa indica . Rutaceae : Citrus . Sambucaceae : Sambucus racemosa . Theaceae : Thea sinensis . Ulmaceae : Zelkova acuminata .

jujubae ( Buckton, 1883: 181) . BD: 167. Distribution: Oriental: India.

Host plants: Rhamnaceae : Ziziphus jujubae .

koreiensis Jashenko, 1994c: 36. BD: 167. Distribution: Palaearctic: North Korea.

Host plants: Moraceae : Morus .

leachii ( Westwood, 1845: 22). BD: 167–168. Distribution: Oriental: India (Kerala).

Host plant no indicated.

littorea Beardsley, 1966: 394. BD: 168. Distribution: Australasian: Federated States of Micronesia (Caroline Islands); Fiji.

Host plants: Boraginaceae : Tournefortia . Goodeniaceae : Scaevola .

mangiferae ( Stebbing, 1903: 332). BD: 168–169. Distribution: Oriental: India (Punjab, Uttar Pradesh); Pakistan.

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica . Fabaceae : Cassia fistula , Tamarindus maskelli ( Cockerell, 1902j: 718) . BD: 169–170.

Distribution: Oriental: Hong Kong. Palaearctic: Japan.

Host plants: Moraceae : Ficus , Ficus retusa , Morus alba . Pinaceae : Pinus . Rosaceae : Malus pumila , Prunus cerasus . Rubiaceae : Gardenia florida . Rutaceae : Aegle sepiaria , Citrus . Theaceae : Thea sasanqua . Ulmaceae : Zelkova acuminata . Vitaceae : Vitis .

minor Reyne, 1965b: 181 . BD: 170. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Java).

Host plant not indicated.

palavanica Cockerell, 1916: 235. BD: 170. Distribution: Oriental: Philippines (Palawan).

Host plant not indicated.

philippinensis ( Green, 1924a: 1). BD: 171. Distribution: Oriental: Philippines (Samar).

Host plant not indicated.

pinicola ( Kuwana, 1922: 29). BD: 171. Distribution: Oriental: China (Guangdong). Palaearctic: Japan; Russia (Primor'ye Kray).

Host plants: Pinaceae : Pinus densiflora , Pinus koraiensis , Pinus thunbergi .

quadricaudata ( Green, 1922: 434). BD: 171–172. Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

Host plant not indicated.

saundersii ( Westwood, 1845: 22). BD: 172. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia.

Host plant not indicated.

stebbingii ( Stebbing, 1902: 135). BD: 172–173. Distribution: Oriental: India ( West Bengal ) ; Pakistan .

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica . Rutaceae : Citrus . Scrophulariaceae : Paulownia fortuneti , Paulownia tomentosa .

sumatrensis Green, 1930c: 281. BD: 173. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Sumatra).

Host plant not indicated.

townsendi ( Cockerell, 1905f: 127). BD: 174–175. Distribution: Oriental: Philippines (Luzon).

Host plants: Celastraceae : Gymnosporia spinosa . Euphorbiaceae : Ipomoea carica . Fabaceae : Cassia , Enterolobium saman . Malvaceae : Hibiscus . Moraceae : Ficus nota . Myrtaceae : Eugenia malaccensis .

turkestanica Archangelskaya, 1931: 69. BD: 175–176.

Distribution: Palaearctic: China (Liaoning, Xingiang Uygur); Kazakhstan (Kzyl Orda Oblast); Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan.

Host plants: Asteraceae : Acroptilon picris . Berberidaceae : Mahonia . Elaeagnaceae : Elaeagnus angustifolia . Fabaceae : Alhagi , Glycyrrhiza , Robinia pseudacacia , Tragopogon ruber , Trifolium pratense . Fumariaceae : Fumaria . Hippocastanaceae : Aesculus hippocastanum . Lamiaceae : Ziziphora tenuior . Moraceae : Morus alba . Platanaceae : Platanus orientalis . Rosaceae : Cydonia vulgaris , Prunus armeniaca , Pyrus malus . Salicaceae : Populus , Salix . Scrophulariaceae : Dodartia orientalis . Tamaricaceae : Tamarix pallasii . Ulmaceae : Ulmus campestris . Zygophyllaceae : Zygophyllum fabago .

variegata ( Green, 1922: 433) . BD: 176. Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

Host plant not indicated.

Drosichoides Morrison, 1927: 106 . BD: 176.

Type species: Llaveia haematoptera Cockerell , by original designation.

haematoptera ( Cockerell, 1919a: 272) . BD: 176–177. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Kalimatan) .

Host plant not indicated.

sanguinea ( Cockerell, 1915: 344). BD: 177. Distribution: Oriental: Philippines (Palawan).

Host plant not indicated.

* Echinicerya Morrison, 1930: 17 . BD: 177.

Type species: Echinicerya anomala Morrison , by original designation.

Note: The name Echinicerya echinata Morrison , listed in Ben-Dov (2005a: 177) as the type species of this genus, is a typographic error of Echinicerya anomala .

anomala Morrison, 1930: 18 . BD: 177–178. Distribution: Neotropical: Mexico (Chiapas).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia , Inga . Rutaceae : Citrus .

Etropera Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 882 . BD: 179.

Type species: Etropera papuensis Bhatti & Gullan , by original designation.

ablusa Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 883. BD: 179.

Host plants: Combretaceae : Terminalia kaernbachii . Pinaceae : Pinus patula .

Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

papuensis Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 886 . BD: 179–180. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

Host plants: Combretaceae : Terminalia kaernbachii .

pilosa Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 886 . BD: 180. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

Host plant not indicated.

sedlaceki Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 889. BD: 180. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

Host plants: Combretaceae : Terminalia kaernbachii . Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus , Psidium guajava .

Gigantococcus Pesson & Bielenin, 1966: 219 . BD: 180.

Type species: Icerya maxima Newstead , by original designation.

alboluteus Cockerell, 1898x: 259. BD: 191–192. Distribution: Afrotropical: Nigeria.

Host plants: Annonaceae : Annona squamosa .

bicolor ( Newstead, 1917a: 5). BD: 154–155. Distribution: Afrotropical: Ghana.

Host plants: Malvaceae : Thespesia .

bimaculatus De Lotto, 1959a: 385. BD: 192. Distribution: Afrotropical: Kenya.

Host plants: Ulmaceae : Chaetacme aristata .

brachystegiae Hall, 1940: 488. BD: 192. Distribution: Afrotropical: Zimbabwe.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Brachystegia .

cajani ( Newstead, 1917a: 7) . BD: 155. Distribution: Afrotropical: Nigeria.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Cajanus cajani .

caudatus ( Newstead, 1917a: 6). BD: 155. Distribution: Afrotropical: Sierra Leone; Uganda.

Host plants: Alchordia cornifolia . Euphorbiaceae : Croton .

euphorbiae ( Brain, 1915: 167). BD: 271.

Distribution: Afrotropical: Benin, South Africa; Zimbabwe.

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica . Apocynaceae : Carissa edulis tomentosa . Combretaceae : Combretum . Euphorbiaceae : Euphorbia , Uapaca kirkiana , Uapaca nitida . Fabaceae : Acacia , Berlinia globifera , Brachystegia . Moraceae : Ficus . Proteaceae : Grevillea robusta , Protea abyssinica .

ewarti ( Newstead, 1896a: 132). BD: 156. Distribution: Afrotropical: Nigeria.

On a plant commonly named "Pehpet" in Nigeria.

gowdeyi ( Newstead, 1920: 177). BD: 271. Distribution: Afrotropical: Uganda.

Host plants: Plumbaginaceae : Plumbago . Rosaceae : Rosa .

longisetosus Newstead, 1911a: 155. BD: 200. Distribution: Afrotropical: Kenya; Sierra Leone; Tanzania; Zaire.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia . Moraceae : Morus .

madagascariensis Mamet, 1951: 233. BD: 272. Distribution: Afrotropical: Madagascar.

Host plants: Asteraceae : Psiadia tsaratananae . Ericaceae : Philippia .

maximus ( Newstead, 1914: 301) . BD: 180–181. Distribution: Afrotropical: Congo; Ivory Coast; Gabon; Ghana; Nigeria; Uganda.

Host plants: Apocynaceae : Lochnera . Euphorbiaceae : Bridelia ferruginea . Fabaceae : Afzelia bella . Moraceae : Ficus .

nigroareolatus ( Newstead, 1917a: 8). BD: 203–204. Distribution: Afrotropical: Benin, Ghana; Kenya; Uganda; Zaire.

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica , Euphorbiaceae : Acalypha , Croton . Rubiaceae : Coffea . Sterculiaceae : Theobroma cacao .

pattersoni Newstead, 1917a: 9. BD: 204–205. Distribution: Afrotropical: Ghana; Kenya.

Host plants: Verbenaceae : Tectona .

rodriguesi Castel-Branco, 1952: 23 . BD: 159. Distribution: Afrotropical: Mozambique.

Host plants: Malvaceae : Gossypium hirsutum .

schoutedeni Vayssière, 1926: 337. BD: 218, 226.

Distribution: Zaire.

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica . E uphorbiaceae: Acalypha wilkesiana , Hura crepitans . Myrtaceae : Psidium guajava . Rubiaceae : Coffea . Rutaceae : Citrus . Sterculiaceae : Theobroma cacao . Ulmaceae : Trema guineensis .

splendidus Lindinger, 1913: 84. BD: 224. Distribution: Afrotropical: Tanzania.

Host plant not indicated.

sulfureus ( Lindinger, 1913: 85). BD: 225. Distribution: Afrotropical: Tanzania; Uganda.

Host plants: Acanthaceae : Eranthemum . Moraceae : Ficus elastica . Myrtaceae : Psidium guajava .

theobromae ( Newstead, 1908a: 154). BD: 275. Distribution: Afrotropical: Nigeria.

Host plants: Sterculiaceae : Theobroma .

Gueriniella Fernald, 1903b: 331 . BD: 181–182.

Type species: Guerinia tinctoria Targioni Tozzetti, 1868 (= Coccus serratulae Fabricius, 1775 ), by monotypy. Homonym of Guerinia in the Diptera .

decorata Borchsenius, 1949b: 338. BD: 182. Distribution: Palaearctic: Armenia.

Host plants: Scrophulariaceae : Verbascum .

serratulae ( Fabricius, 1775: 744) . BD: 182–184.

Distribution: Palaearctic: Algeria; Corsica; Croatia; France; Georgia; Greece; Israel; Italy; Portugal; Sicily; Spain; Turkey; Ukraine (Crimea Oblast).

Host plants: Aizoaceae : Mesembryanthemum . Asteraceae : Centaurea , Chrysanthemum , Cichorium intybus , Inula , Picris hieracioides , Serratula , Serratula arvensis , Sonchus . Chenopodiaceae : Salsola dendroides .

Cistaceae : Cistus , Cistus alvifolia . Fabaceae : Ceratonia siliqua , Genista , Phaseolus fabae . Lamiaceae : Rosmarinus . Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus . Oleaceae : Olea europaea . Pinaceae : Pinus , Pinus halepensis , Pinus pinaster . Rosaceae : Amygdalus armeniaca, Armeniaca vulgaris . Umbelliferae: Daucus carota . Vitaceae : Vitis vinifera .

Gullania Foldi, 1998a: 310 . BD: 184. Type species: Gullania solomonensis Foldi , by monotypy and original designation.

solomonensis Foldi, 1998a: 310 . BD: 184–185. Distribution: Australasian: Solomon Islands.

In bark crevices of undetermined tree.

Hemaspidoproctus Morrison, 1927: 104 . BD: 185.

Type species: Walkeriana cinerea Green , by original designation.

cinereus ( Green, 1922: 450) . BD: 185–186. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Java); Sri Lanka.

Host plants: Combretaceae : Terminalia . Fabaceae : Acacia arabica . Hamamelidaceae : Altingia excelsa . Malvaceae : Thespesia . Proteaceae : Grevillea . Rutaceae : Citrus .

euphorbiae ( Green, 1896: 6). BD: 186. Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Euphorbia antiquorum .

senex ( Green, 1896: 6). BD: 186. Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

Host plants: Sapindaceae : Dodonaea viscosa .

Icerya Signoret, 1876: 351 . BD: 150, 186–188.

Type species: Icerya sacchari Guérin-Méneville, 1867 (= Dorthesia seychellarum Westwood, 1855 ), by monotypy.

acaciae ( Morrison & Morrison, 1923: 26). BD: 151.

Distribution: Australasian: Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia baileyana , Acacia dealbata , Acacia deanei , Acacia decurrens , Acacia elongata , Acacia hueglii , Acacia melanoxylon , Acacia myrtifolia , Acacia parramattensis , Acacia pentadenia , Acacia pulchella , Acacia rubida , Acacia uncinata , Acacia verticillata , Acacia victoriae , Acacia viscidula .

aegyptiaca ( Douglas, 1890: 79) . BD: 188–191.

Distribution: Afrotropical: Kenya; Yemen; Zanzibar. Australasian: Bonin Islands; French Polynesia (Society Islands); Kiribati. Oriental: China (Kwangtung)) ; Hong Kong; India (Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu); Indonesia (Krakatau islands); Maldives; Pakistan; Philippines (Luzon); Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand. Palaearctic: Egypt; Israel; Japan.

Host plants: Acanthaceae : Asystasia , Barleria , Barleria cristata , Pseuderanthemum , Strobilanthes . Alangiaceae : Alangium salvifolium . Amaranthaceae : Bragantia . Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica , Schinus terebinthifolius . Annonaceae : Annona , Annona cherimolia , Annona squamosa , Polyalthia longifolia . Apocynaceae : Carissa edulis , Ochrosia , Ochrosia nakaiana . Araceae : Cyrtosperma chamissionis . Arecaceae , Cocos nucifera , Hyophorbe verschaffeltii , Latania , Phoenix dactylifera . Asteraceae : Bidens pilosa , Pluchea indica , Pluchea odorata , Synedrella nodiflora , Vernonia , Wedelia biflora . Blechnaceae : Blechnum pyramidalum . Bombacaceae : Ceiba pentandra , Cullenia . Caricaceae : Carica papaya. Caryophyllaceae : Drymaria . Casuarinaceae : Casuarina equisetifolia . Clusiaceae : Calophyllum inophyllum . Cupressaceae : Thuja . Cyatheaceae : Cyathea mertensiana . Euphorbiaceae : Acalypha , Aleurites fordii , Codiaeum , Codiaeum variegatum , Croton , Drypetes integerrima , Euphorbia , Glochidion , Macaranga . Fabaceae : Acacia , Acacia decurrens , Cajanus indicus , Cassia didymobotrya , Jacaranda mimosaefolia , Parkinsonia aculeata , Pithecolobium saman , Poinciana regia , Vigna marina . Flagellariaceae : Flagellaria indica . Goodeniaceae : Scaevola , Scaevola koenigi . Guttiferae: Hypericum mysorensis . Lamiaceae : Leucas , Ocimum sanctum . Liliaceae : Asparagus . Lythraceae : Lawsonia alba , Nesaea , Pemphis acidula . Malvaceae : Hibiscus . Meliaceae : Melia azedarach . Memecylaceae : Memecylon edule . Montiniaceae : Montinia . Moraceae : Artocarpus incisa , Artocarpus integrifolia , Ficus , Ficus asperrima , Ficus benghalensis , Ficus carica , Ficus elastica , Ficus indica , Ficus infectoria , Ficus nitida , Ficus platyphylla , Ficus rubiginosa , Ficus sycomorus , Ficus tinctoria , Morus alba . Musaceae : Musa , Musa paradisiaca . Myrtaceae : Eugenia jambolana , Eugenia javanica , Myrtus communis , Psidium , Psidium cattleianum , Psidium guajava . Onagraceae : Ludwigia capitata . Pandanaceae : Pandanus odoratissimus . Pittosporaceae : Pittosporum . Plumbaginaceae : Plumbago capensis . Poaceae : Zea mays . Punicaceae : Punica granatum , Punica granatum . Rhamnaceae : Ziziphus . Rosaceae : Osteomeles boninensis , Pyrus communis , Pyrus malus , Raphiolepis integerrima , Rosa . Rubiaceae : Psychotria boninensis , Rubia cordifolia . Rutaceae : Boninia grisea , Citrus , Citrus aurantifolia , Glycosmis pentaphylla . Salicaceae : Salix babylonica . Sapindaceae : Dodonaea viscosa . Sapotaceae : Achras sapota , Pouteria obovata, Sapota , Sideroxylon ferrugineum . Solanaceae : Capsicum , Lycopersicon esculentum , Solanum nigrum . Theaceae : Thea . Ulmaceae : Trema , Trema argentea . Verbenaceae : Lantana , Tectona grandis . Vitaceae : Vitis vinifera .

assamensis ( Rao, 1951a: 154). BD: 270. Distribution: Oriental: India (Assam).

Host plants: Rutaceae : Citrus .

australis Maskell, 1894b: 101 . BD: 151–152. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales).

Host plants: Proteaceae : Hakea gibbosa .

callitri ( Froggatt, 1923: 162). BD: 194. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales).

Host plants: Cupressaceae : Callitris glauca .

chilensis Hempel, 1920a: 333. BD: 194. Distribution: Neotropical: Chile.

On leaves of an indigenous tree in Chile.

Note: Unruh & Gullan (2008: 44) regarded this species incertae sedis.

clauseni Rao, 1951a: 144. BD: 156. Distribution: Oriental: Malaysia (Malaya).

Host plants: Rutaceae : Citrus .

corticalis Vayssière, 1926: 321 . BD: 194–195. Distribution: Afrotropical: Zaire.

On bark of undetermined tree in forest.

crocea Green, 1896: 7 . BD: 220.

Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Croton . Menispermaceae : Cocculus . Rutaceae : Citrus .

Note: Icerya procea Green, 1896 , was synonymized with Ice. seychellarum seychellarum ( Westwood, 1855) , by Green (1922), and was listed as such a synonym by Ben-Dov (2005: 220). Unruh & Gullan (2008) revalidated the species Ice. crocea .

formicarum Newstead, 1897b: 169 . BD: 195–196.

Distribution: Oriental: China (Kwangtung) ; Hong Kong; India (Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Taiwan. Palaearctic: France.

Host plants: Annonaceae : Annona squamosa . Cactaceae : Opuntia . Casuarinaceae : Casuarina equisetifolia . Euphorbiaceae : Acalypha , Aleurites , Croton , Phyllanthus . Fabaceae : Acacia , Bauhinia , Caesalpinia coriaria , Cassia auriculata , Cassia occidentalis , Cassia renigera , Cassia siamea , Crotalaria , Mimosa pudica , Pithecellobium saman , Prosopis juliflora , Tamarindus indica , Tephrosia . Lamiaceae : Ocimum sanctum . Lauraceae : Litsea . Malvaceae : Hibiscus , Hibiscus esculenta , Kydia calycina . Memecylaceae : Memecylon edule . Moraceae : Artocarpus incisa , Chlorophora excelsa , Ficus . Myrtaceae : Myrtus communis , Psidium guajava . Nyctaginaceae : Bougainvillea . Rosaceae : Pyrus malus , Rosa . Rutaceae : Citrus . Santalaceae : Santalum album . Sapindaceae : Dodonaea viscosa . Sapotaceae : Achras sapota . Verbenaceae : Tectona grandis .

hanoiensis Jashenko & Danzig, 1992: 90. BD: 197.

Host plants: Rutaceae : Citrus .

Distribution: Oriental: Vietnam.

imperatae Rao, 1951: 58. BD: 197–198.

Distribution: Australasian: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); Palau. Oriental: Brunei; Malaysia (Malaya); Philippines (Negros).

Host plants: Poaceae : Bambusa spinosa , Brachiaria decumbens , Chloris barbata , Imperata conferta , Imperata exaltata , Oryza sativa , Ottochloa nodosa , Paspalum conjugatum , Paspalum notatum , Pennisetum , Saccharum spontaneum , Sorghum .

insulans Hempel, 1923: 510. BD: 198. Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo).

Host plants: Asteraceae . Melastomataceae : Tibouchina holosericea .

jacobsoni Green, 1913: 316. BD: 156–157.

Distribution: Australasian: Federated States of Micronesia. Oriental: Myanmar; China (Kwangtung, Hainan); Hong Kong; Indonesia (Java, Krakatau islands); Philippines (Luzon, Palawan); Thailand.

Host plants: Burseraceae : Canarium pimela . Dipterocarpaceae . Euphorbiaceae : Macaranga carolinensis , Macaranga tanarius . Fabaceae : Leucaena leucocephala . Lauraceae : Litsea glutinosa . Moraceae : Castilloa elastica . Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus , Psidium guajava . Rubiaceae : Neonauclea calycina . Rutaceae : Citrus . Sterculiaceae : Dombeya acutangula . Urticaceae : Leucosyke capitellata , Villebrunea rubescens .

jaihind ( Rao, 1951a: 148). BD: 157. Distribution: Oriental: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu) .

Host plants: Annonaceae : Annona squamosa . Moraceae : Ficus asperrima . Myrtaceae : Psidium guajava .

koebelei Maskell, 1893b: 245. BD: 198. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales).

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Leptospermum laevigatum .

kumari ( Rao, 1951a: 152). BD: 157. Distribution: Oriental: India (Karnataka).

Host plants: Poaceae .

* littoralis mimosae Cockerell, 1898j: 430. BD: 199.

Synonym of Crypticerya littoralis by Unruh & Gullan (2008b: 31).

* littoralis tonilensis Cockerell, 1902o: 81. BD: 199.

Synonym of Crypticerya littoralis by Unruh & Gullan (2008b: 31).

mangiferae ( Tang & Hao, 1995: 151). BD: 158. Distribution: Oriental: China (Yunnan).

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica . Moraceae : Ficus auriculata .

menoni Rao, 1951: 60. BD: 201. Distribution: Oriental: India (Kerala).

Host plants: Arecaceae : Cocos nucifera .

minor Green, 1908a: 17 . BD: 201–202. Distribution: Oriental: India (Assam, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal).

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica . Myrtaceae : Psidium guajava . Rutaceae : Citrus .

morrisoni Rao, 1951: 64. BD: 203. Distribution: Oriental: Philippines (Luzon). Palaearctic: China.

Host plants: Arecaceae : Cocos nucifera . Lauraceae : Litsea glutinosa .

natalensis ( Douglas, 1888a: 86). BD: 158. Distribution: Afrotropical: South Africa.

Host plants: Rosaceae : Cliffortia serrulata .

nuda Green, 1930c: 282 . BD: 158–159. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Sumatra).

Host plants: Poaceae : Gigantochloa aspera .

nudata Maskell, 1896b: 405. BD: 197,270,273. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland) .

Host plants: Asteraceae : Cosmos . Guttiferae: Hypericum perforatum . Poaceae . Verbenaceae : Verbena .

paulista Hempel, 1920a: 336 . BD: 205. Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo).

Host plants: Poaceae : Guadua .

pilosa Green, 1896: 7 . BD: 205–206. Distribution: Oriental: India (Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka.

Host plants: Poaceae , Andropogon nardus , Saccharum officinalis , Spinifex squarrosus .

pulchra ( Leonardi, 1907: 1) . BD: 206.

Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Java, Krakatau islands, Sumatra); Philippines (Negros); Singapore. Palaearctic: Japan.

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera . Aquifoliaceae : Ilex . Arecaceae : Cocos nucifera , Rhopaloblaste . Clusiaceae : Calophyllum inophyllum . Euphorbiaceae , Croton . Magnoliaceae : Michelia champaca . Rosaceae : Rosa . Rutaceae : Citrus . Sterculiaceae : Theobroma cacao .

* purchasi citriperda Hempel, 1920a: 337. BD: 207. Synonym of Icerya purchasi by Unruh & Gullan (2008b: 31).

* purchasi crawii Cockerell, 1897n: 94. BD: 207. Synonym of Icerya purchasi by Unruh & Gullan (2008b: 31).

* purchasi maskelli Cockerell, 1897n: 94 . BD: 207. Synonym of Icerya purchasi by Unruh & Gullan (2008b: 31).

purchasi Maskell, 1879: 221 . BD: 208–217.

Host plants: Aceraceae : Acer , Acer negundo . Anacardiaceae : Schinus . Apocynaceae : Vinca minor . Araliaceae : Fatsia japonica , Hedera helix . Arecaceae : Hedyscepe canterburyana . Asclepiadaceae : Stapelia variegata . Asteraceae : Acanthospermum hispidum , Artemisia glutinosa , Artemisia gorgonum , Aster novi belgii, Bidens humilis , Chrysanthemum coronarium , Sonchus tenerrimus . Berberidaceae : Berberis canadensis . Bignoniaceae : Tecoma smithii . Buxaceae : Buxus sempervirens . Caprifoliaceae : Lonicera periclymenum , Viburnum rhytidophyllum . Casuarinaceae : Casuarina , Casuarina equisetifolia . Cistaceae : Cistus rosmarinifolius , Cistus salviaefolius . Cornaceae : Cornus mas . Euphorbiaceae : Acalypha , Excoecaria , Phyllanthus , Phyllanthus reticulatus . Fabaceae : Acacia , Acacia arabica , Acacia baileyana , Acacia dealbata , Acacia elata , Acacia floribunda , Albizia julibrissin , Albizia neumaniana , Amorpha fructicosa , Amorpha nana , Bauhinia , Cajanus cajan , Cassia didymobotrya , Cytisus , Cytisus scoparius , Dalbergia sissoo , Desmodium rufescens , Glycine soja , Indigofera anil , Indigofera tinctoria , Jacaranda mimosaefolia , Lespedeza , Mimosa , Mimosa pudica , Parkinsonia aculeata , Parkinsonia digitata , Robinia pseudacacia , Sarothamnus scoparium , Spartium , Spartium junceum , Tamarindus , Templetonia , Tephrosia vogelii , Ulex . Geraniaceae : Geranium . Goodeniaceae : Scaevola frutescens . Hydrangaceae: Deutzia magnigica . Lamiaceae : Salvia . Lauraceae : Laurus maderensis , Laurus nobilis . Malvaceae : Althaea rosea . Moraceae : Ficus , Ficus carica , Ficus gnaphalocarpa , Morus alba . Myoporaceae : Myoporum , Myoporum pictum . Myrtaceae : Psidium guajava . Nandinaceae : Nandina domestica . Oleaceae : Forsythia suspensa , Jasminum nudiflorum . Pinaceae : Pinus caribaea . Pittosporaceae : Bursaria spinosa , Pittosporum , Pittosporum coriaceum . Plumbaginaceae : Plumbago capensis , Plumbago zeylanica . Podocarpaceae : Podocarpus macrophylla . Punicaceae : Punica granatum . Rosaceae : Cotoneaster dammeri , Cotoneaster francheti , Cotoneaster horizontalis , Malus , Prunus padus , Pyrus communis , Pyrus malus , Pyrus sinensis , Rosa , Rosa centifolia , Sorbaria sorbifolia , Spiraea prunifolia . Rutaceae : Choisya ternata , Citrus , Citrus aurantium , Citrus grandis , Citrus limon , Citrus reticulata , Citrus sinensis , Clausena villedenovii , Murraya exotica , Poncirus trifoliatus . Salicaceae : Salix babylonica . Scrophulariaceae : Sopubia delphinifolia . Smilacaceae : Smilax , Smilax aspera . Sterculiaceae : Theobroma cacao . Tamaricaceae : Tamarix africana , Tamarix gallica , Tamarix tetrandra . Thymelaeaceae : Daphne . Umbelliferae: Foeniculum vulgaris . Urticaceae : Parietaria officinalis . Verbenaceae : Lantana camara . Vitaceae : Vitis vinifera .

Distribution: Afrotropical: Angola; Ascension Island; Cape Verde Islands; Ethiopia; Kenya; Madagascar; Malawi; Mauritius; Mozambique; Saint Helena; Senegal; Somalia; South Africa; Sudan; São Tomé and Principe ( São Tomé); Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Yemen; Zaire; Zambia; Zanzibar; Zimbabwe. Australasian: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia); Bonin Islands (= Ogasawara-Gunto); Christmas Island; Federated States of Micronesia ( Caroline Islands); Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Oahu); Johnston Island; Line Islands ( USA); Lord Howe Island; Marshall Islands; Midway Islands; New Caledonia ; New Zealand (North Island, South Island); Norfolk Island; Papua New Guinea; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Wake Island. Nearctic: Mexico (Guerrero, Sonora, Veracruz); United States of America (Alabama, Arizona, California , Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Virginia). Neotropical: Antigua and Barbados ( Antigua); Argentina (Tucuman) ; Bahamas; Barbados; Bermuda; Bolivia; Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Cear , Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Parana, Paraìba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Caterina, São Paulo); Chile; Colombia; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; French Guiana; Galapagos Islands; Guatemala; Haiti; Martinique; Mexico (Chiapas); Montserrat; Paraguay; Peru; Puerto Rico & Vieques Island ( Puerto Rico); Saint Lucia; Saint Martin & St. Barthelemey (Saint Barthelemey); Trinidad and Tobago ( Trinidad); Uruguay; Venezuela. Oriental: China (Kwangtung, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan); Hong Kong; India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu); Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi (Celebes), Sumatra); Malaysia; Maldives; Pakistan; Philippines (Luzon); Ryukyu Islands; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Vietnam. Palaearctic: Albania; Algeria; Azores; Canary islands; China (Anhui, Shandong); Corsica; Crete; Croatia; Cyprus; Egypt; France; Georgia; Greece; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Italy; Japan; Jordan; Lebanon; Libya; Madeira Islands; Malta; Morocco; Portugal; Romania; Russia (Krasnodar Kray); Sardinia; Saudi Arabia; Sicily; Slovenia; Spain; Switzerland; Syria; Tunisia; Turkey; Yugoslavia.

* rileyi larreae Cockerell, 1902o: 82. BD: 217–218.

Synonym of Crypticerya riley by Unruh & Gullan (2008b: 39).

samaraia ( Morrison, 1927: 109). BD: 274.

Distribution: Australasian: Federated States of Micronesia ( Caroline Islands, Yap); New Caledonia ; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Solomon Islands. Oriental: Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Java, Krakatau islands).

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica , Schinus terebinthifolius . Annonaceae : Annona muricata . Araceae , Colocasia esculenta . Arecaceae , Cocos nucifera . Asteraceae , Mikania cordata . Bombacaceae : Ochroma . Caricaceae : Carica papaya. Casuarinaceae : Casuarina , Casuarina equisetifolia , Casuarina oligodon . Clusiaceae : Calophyllum , Calophyllum inophyllum . Dilleniaceae : Tetracera . Dipterocarpaceae : Anisoptera thurifera polyandra . Euphorbiaceae : Acalypha , Macaranga , Macaranga aleuritoides , Omalanthus populneus . Fabaceae : Acacia , Cajanus cajan , Erythrina , Tephrosia . Goodeniaceae : Scaevola taccada . Loganiaceae : Fagraea . Malvaceae : Hibiscus rosa-sinensis , Hibiscus tiliaceus . Moraceae : Ficus , Ficus ampelas . Musaceae : Musa . Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus deglupta , Psidium guajava . Pinaceae : Pinus caribaea , Pinus merkusii . Proteaceae : Finschia , Grevillea papuana . Rosaceae : Rosa . Rubiaceae : Coffea , Neonauclea calycina , Timonius . Rutaceae : Citrus . Sterculiaceae : Commersonia bartramia , Theobroma cacao . Urticaceae : Pipturus argenteus . Zingiberaceae : Elettaria cardamomum .

schrottkyi Hempel, 1900a: 373. BD: 219. Distribution: Neotropical: Argentina; Brazil (Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Caterina).

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Sebastiania klotzehiana . Vitaceae : Vitis vinifera .

* seychellarum cristata Newstead, 1908: 9 . BD: 219. Synonym of Icerya seychellarum by Unruh & Gullan, 2008b: 96.

seychellarum ( Westwood, 1855: 836) . BD: 219–224.

Distribution: Afrotropical: Agalega Islands; Comoros Islands; Kenya; Madagascar; Malawi; Mauritius; Rodrigues Island; Réunion; Seychelles (Aldabra Island); South Africa; Uganda; Yemen. Australasian: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); Cook Islands; Federated States of Micronesia ( Caroline Islands, Yap); Fiji; French Polynesia; Kiribati; New Caledonia ; Niue; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Western Samoa. Neotropical: Colombia; French Guiana; Guadeloupe. Oriental: Andaman Islands; China (Fujian, Guangdong); Hong Kong; India (Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Java, Sumatra); Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines (Luzon); Ryukyu Islands; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand. Palaearctic: Corsica; France; Japan.

Host plants: Agavaceae : Cordyline . Amaranthaceae : Achyranthes aspera . Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica , Rhus simarubiaefolia , Semecarpus magnifica , Spondias dulcis . Annonaceae : Annona muricata , Annona reticulata , Annona squamosa , Monodora myristica . Apocynaceae : Alyxia stellata , Plumeria rubra . Araceae : Alocasia macrorhiza , Anthurium andraeanum , Epipremnum pinnatum , Scindapsus aureus , Xanthosoma sagittifolia . Araliaceae : Schefflera . Arecaceae , Areca catechu , Cocos nucifera , Elaeis guineensis , Livistona chinensis , Monstera deliciosa , Phoenix . Aspleniaceae : Asplenium nidus . Asteraceae : Bidens pilosa , Lactuca sativa , Zinnia . Bixaceae : Bixa orellana . Bombacaceae : Ceiba pentandra . Boraginaceae : Cordia . Brassicaceae : Raphanus sativus . Burseraceae : Canarium harveyi . Casuarinaceae : Casuarina , Casuarina equisetifolia . Clusiaceae : Calophyllum inophyllum , Mammea americana . Convolvulaceae : Convolvulus , Ipomoea , Ipomoea batatas , Merremia peltata . Cycadaceae : Cycas revoluta . Dioscoreaceae : Dioscorea . Elaeocarpaceae : Elaeocarpus tonganus . Euphorbiaceae : Acalypha , Acalypha godseffiana , Acalypha hispida , Acalypha tricolor , Croton , Euphorbia heterophylla , Excoecaria agallocha , Glochidion ramiflorum , Macaranga aleurotoides , Macaranga harveyana , Phyllanthus . Fabaceae : Acacia decurrens , Acacia spirobris , Albizia , Albizia falcataria , Bauhinia monandra , Caesalpinia pulcherrima , Cajanus cajan , Cassia , Crotalaria , Derris , Derris eliptica , Erythrina , Erythrina indica , Gliricidia sepium , Inocarpus fagifera , Mimosa pudica , Phaseolus artocarpus , Phaseolus atropurpureus , Vigna glabra . Fagaceae : Quercus . Flacourtiaceae : Hydnocarpus . Gesneriaceae : Cyrtandra . Goodeniaceae : Scaevola floribunda , Scaevola taccada . Heliconiaceae : Heliconia . Lamiaceae : Ocimum gratissimum . Lauraceae : Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Litsea glutinosa , Persea americana . Lecythidaceae : Barringtonia asiatica , Barringtonia butonica . Loganiaceae : Fagraea berteriana . Loranthaceae . Lythraceae : Lagerstroemia , Pemphis acidula . Magnoliaceae : Magnolia . Malvaceae : Gossypium barbadense , Hibiscus rosa-sinensis , Hibiscus tliaceus . Meliaceae : Dysoxylum forsteri . Menispermaceae : Cocculus . Moraceae : Artocarpus altilis , Artocarpus heterophyllus , Artocarpus integrifolia , Broussonetia papyrifera , Ficus , Ficus elastica , Ficus glandifera , Ficus scabra , Ficus tinctoria , Morus alba , Streblus asper . Musaceae : Musa , Musa paradisiaca , Musa sapientum . Myricaceae : Myrica rubra . Myrtaceae : Eugenia , Eugenia cumini , Eugenia jambolana , Eugenia uniflora , Feijoa sellowiana , Psidium guajava , Syzygium brackenridgei , Syzygium mandangense . Oleandraceae : Nephrolepis hirsutula . Onagraceae : Ludwigia octovalvis . Pandanaceae : Pandanus odoratissimus . Passifloraceae : Passiflora , Passiflora edulis . Pinaceae : Pinus caribaea . Piperaceae : Piper , Piper methysticum , Piper nigrum . Poaceae : Cymbopogon coloratus , Saccharum . Portulacaceae : Portulacaria caffra . Proteaceae : Grevillea , Grevillea robusta , Macadamia tetraphylla . Punicaceae : Punica granatum . Rhamnaceae : Alphitonia zizyphoides . Rosaceae : Crataegus mexicana , Fragaria , Malus silvestris , Pyrus communis , Pyrus malus , Rosa , Rosa chinensis . Rubiaceae : Coffea , Coprosma , Guettarda speciosa , Ixora macrothyrsa , Rubus idaeus . Rutaceae : Citrus , Citrus aurantifolia , Citrus aurantium , Citrus decumana , Citrus grandis , Citrus limon , Citrus nobilis , Citrus paradisi , Citrus reticulata , Citrus sinensis , Poncirus trifoliata . Sapindaceae : Dodonaea viscosa , Litchi chinensis . Sapotaceae : Chrysophyllum cainito , Manilkara sapota . Solanaceae : Capsicum frutescens , Solanum nigrum . Sterculiaceae : Pterospermum suberifolium . Taccaceae : Tacca pinnatifida . Theaceae : Thea sasangana . Verbenaceae : Clerodendrum , Premna , Tectona grandis . Vitaceae : Vitis vinifera . Zingiberaceae : Zingiber zerumbet .

sumatrana Rao, 1951a: 137. BD: 225. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Java, Sumatra) .

Host plants: Fabaceae : Erythrina . Rutaceae : Citrus . travancorensis Rao, 1951a: 140. BD: 226 Distribution: Oriental: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu).

Host plants: Casuarinaceae : Casuarina equisetifolia . Fabaceae : Acacia decurrens . Guttiferae: Hypericum mysorensis . Loranthaceae : Loranthus . Myrtaceae : Psidium guajava . Rutaceae : Citrus .

zimmermanni Green, 1932: 32. BD: 227. Distribution: Oriental: India (Assam); Indonesia (Java, Krakatau islands); Thailand.

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Macaranga ranarius . Melastomataceae : Melastoma . Moraceae : Ficus religiosa . Rutaceae : Citrus .

Insulococcus Bhatti, 1991: 146 . BD: 227.

Type species: Insulococcus magnoporus Bhatti , by original designation.

magnoporus Bhatti, 1991: 146 . BD: 227. Distribution: Australasian: New Caledonia.

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Eugenia jambos .

Labioproctus Green, 1922: 453 . BD: 227–228.

Type species: Walkeriana polei Green , by original designation.

poleii ( Green, 1896: 6). BD: 228. Distribution: Oriental: India (West Bengal); Sri Lanka.

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Eugenia rotundifolia , Psidium guajava . Rutaceae : Citrus . Sapindaceae : Dodonaea viscosa .

Laurencella Foldi, 1995a: 166 . BD: 178, 228–229.

Type species: Laurencella marikana Foldi , by original designation.

colombiana Foldi & Watson, 2001: 369 . BD: 229. Distribution: Neotropical: Colombia.

Host plants: Lauraceae : Persea americana .

marikana Foldi, 1995a: 169 . BD: 229. Distribution: Neotropical: Mexico (Chiapas).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia pennatula .

taunayi ( Hempel, 1920a: 340). BD: 225–226.

O bark of limbs of an indigenous plant,

Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo).

uhleri (Signoret, 1876: 369). BD: 178–179. Distribution: Neotropical: Ecuador.

Host plants: Arecaceae .

Lecaniodrosicha Takahashi, 1930: 29 . BD: 229–230.

Type species: Lecaniodrosicha lithocarpi Takahashi , by original designation.

lithocarpi Takahashi, 1930: 30 . BD: 230. Distribution: Oriental: Taiwan.

Host plants: Fagaceae : Lithocarpus .

Llaveia Signoret, 1876: 370 . BD: 230.

Type species: Coccus axin Llave , by monotypy.

axin axin ( Llave, 1832: 148) . BD: 231–232.

Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Guanajuato, Michoacan, Veracruz). Neotropical: Guatemala; Mexico (Chiapas, Yucatan).

Host plants: Anacardiaceae : Schinus , Spondias , Spondias lutea , Spondias myrobalanus . Euphorbiaceae : Jatropha curcas . Fabaceae : Acacia , Acacia angustissima , Acacia cochliacantha , Erythrina americana .

axin dorsalis Dugès, 1888: 160 . BD: 232–233. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Guanajuato).

Host plants: Fabaceae .

championi ( Cockerell, 1902a: 26). BD: 233. Distribution: Neotropical: Panama.

Host plant not indicated.

mexicanorum ( Cockerell, 1898j: 430). BD: 233-234. Nearctic: Mexico (Durango).

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Croton . Fabaceae : Acacia greggii . Malvaceae : Hibiscus .

oaxacoensis Morrison, 1927: 107. BD: 234. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Oaxaca).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia .

Llaveiella Morrison, 1927: 108 . BD: 234–235.

Type species: Llaveiella taenechina Morrison , by original designation.

dugmilleri Foldi, 1995a: 169. BD: 235. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Veracruz).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Caesalpinia gaumeri .

taenechina Morrison, 1927: 108 . BD: 235. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Durango).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Larrea .

Matesovia Jashenko & Danzig, 1992: 84 . BD: 235–236.

Type species: Matesovia turkmenica Jashenko & Danzig , by original designation.

turkmenica Jashenko & Danzig, 1992: 84 . BD: 236. Distribution: Palaearctic: Turkmenistan.

Host plants: Chenopodiaceae : Halocnemum , Halocnemum strocilaceus , Haloxylon ammodendron .

Melaleucococcus Bhatti, 1990: 499 . BD: 236.

Type species: Melaleucococcus phacelopilus Bhatti , by original designation.

hirtipectus Bhatti, 1990: 511. BD: 236. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (Western Australia).

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Melaleuca .

nodosus Bhatti, 1990: 509. BD: 237. Distribution: Australasian: Australia ( Western Australia ) .

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Melaleuca raphiophylla .

notoporosus Bhatti, 1990: 514. BD: 237. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (Western Australia).

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Melaleuca uncinata .

phacelopilus Bhatti, 1990: 501 . BD: 237–238. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales).

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Melaleuca ericifolia , Melaleuca glaberrima , Melaleuca nodosa .

Misracoccus Rao, 1950a: 115 . BD: 238.

Type species: Lophococcus convexus Morrison , by original designation.

assamensis Rao, 1950a: 117. BD: 238. Distribution: Oriental: India (Assam).

On a wild tree.

convexus ( Morrison, 1920: 153) . BD: 238–239. Distribution: Oriental: Philippines (Luzon).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Peltophorum ferrugineum , Pithecellobium scutiferum .

serrei ( Vayssière, 1914b: 334). BD: 239. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Java).

Host plant not indicated.

xyliae ( Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1930: 69) . BD: 239–240. Distribution: Oriental: India (Tamil Nadu).

Host plants: Fabaceae : Pithecellobium saman , Xylia . Sapindaceae : Dodonaea viscosa .

Modicicoccus Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 892 . BD: 240.

Type species: Modicicoccus monticolus Bhatti & Gullan , by original designation.

gagneti Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 893. BD: 240. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

On shrubs in jungle understory.

kaindiensis Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 895. BD: 240. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

Host plant unknown, collected by general sweeping.

monticolus Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 895 . BD: 241. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

Host plants: Zingiberaceae : Zingiber officinale .

newsteadi Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 899 . BD: 241. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

Host plant not indicated.

Monophlebidus Morrison, 1927: 104 . BD: 241.

Type species: Monophlebidus indicus Morrison , by original designation.

indicus Morrison, 1927: 104 . BD: 242. Distribution: Oriental: India (Karnataka).

Host plants: Dipterocarpaceae : Shorea talura .

Monophleboides Morrison, 1927: 104 . BD: 242.

Type species: Monophlebus gymnocarpi Hall , by original designation.

africanus ( Newstead, 1912: 15). BD: 242. Distribution: Afrotropical: Namibia.

Host plants: Zygophyllaceae .

arachidis Vayssière, 1957: 6. BD: 243. Distribution: Afrotropical: Zaire.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Arachis hypogaea .

gymnocarpi ( Hall, 1926a: 1) . BD: 243. Distribution: Palaearctic: Egypt.

Host plants: Caryophyllaceae : Gymnocarpos decander . Chenopodiaceae : Haloxylon schweinfurthii . Zygophyllaceae : Nitraria retusa .

hirtus Brain, 1915: 165. BD: 243. Distribution: Afrotropical: Malawi; South Africa.

Host plants: Pinaceae : Pinus canariensis .

sjostedti (Newstead, 1908: 2). BD: 244. Distribution: Afrotropical: Kenya.

Host plants: Poaceae .

suaedae halocnemae ( Vayssière, 1927: 107). BD: 244. Distribution: Palaearctic: Tunisia.

Host plants: Salsolaceae : Halocnemum strobilaceum .

suaedae suaedae ( Vayssière, 1924: 29) . BD: 244. Distribution: Palaearctic: Tunisia.

Host plants: Chenopodiaceae : Suaeda pruinosa .

Monophlebulus Cockerell, 1902q: 233 . BD: 245.

Type species: Monophlebus fuscus Maskell , by original designation.

comperei Morrison & Morrison, 1923: 12. BD: 245. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (Queensland).

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus .

crawfordi ( Maskell, 1889: 108) . BD: 246. Distribution: Australasian: Australia ( South Australia ) .

Host plant not indicated.

enarotalicus Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 901. BD: 246. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Irian Jaya).

Host plant not indicated.

fuscus ( Maskell, 1893b: 244) . BD: 247. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales) .

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus .

gressitti Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 903. BD: 247. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Irian Jaya).

Host plant not indicated.

montanus Reyne, 1965b: 186. BD: 247. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

Host plant not indicated.

pilosior ( Maskell, 1893b: 244). BD: 248. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales) .

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus .

subterraneus Morrison & Morrison, 1923: 14. BD: 248. Distribution: Australasian: Australia ( South Australia ) .

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus .

toxopei Reyne, 1965b: 185. BD: 248. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

Host plant not indicated.

Monophlebus Guérin-Méneville, 1827: 99 . BD: 249–250. Type species: Monophlebus atripennis Burmeister , by subsequent designation of Cockerell, 1902q: 232.

atripennis Burmeister, 1835: 80 . BD: 250. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Java).

Host plant not indicated.

dumonti Vayssière, 1932: 24. BD: 250. Distribution: Palaearctic: Tunisia.

Host plants: Zygophyllaceae : Fagonia cretica .

fabricii Westwood, 1845: 22. BD: 251. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Sumatra).

Host plant not indicated.

hoggarensis Vayssière, 1932: 25. BD: 251. Distribution: Palaearctic: Algeria.

Host plants: Brassicaceae : Crambe kralikii .

illigeri Westwood, 1845: 22. BD: 251–252. Distribution: Australasian: Australia (Tasmania).

Host plant not indicated.

irregularis Germar & Berendt, in: Berendt, 1856: 4. BD: 252.

This fossil monophlebine is an inclusion in Prussian amber.

niveus Hempel, 1920a: 331. BD: 252. Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo).

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Manihot . Proteaceae : Grevillea robusta .

raddoni Westwood, 1845: 22. BD: 253. Distribution: Afrotropical: Ghana; Uganda.

Host plant not indicated.

simplex Scudder, 1890: 242. BD: 253. Distribution: Nearctic: United States of America (Colorado).

This is a fossil species found in shales of Florissant, tertiary.

Nautococcus Vayssière, 1939: 124 . BD: 253.

Type species: Nautococcus schraderae Vayssière , by monotypy.

schraderae Vayssière, 1939: 124 . BD: 254. Distribution: Neotropical: Costa Rica; Panama.

Host plants: Annonaceae : Annona sparguei . Fabaceae : Inga tondurii .

Neohodgsonius Foldi, 1999a: 348 . BD: 254.

Type species: Hodgsonius cassicola Foldi , by monotypy and original designation.

cassicola ( Foldi, 1998a: 312) . BD: 254. Distribution: Neotropical: Venezuela.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Cassia siamea .

Nietnera Green, 1922: 454 . BD: 255.

Type species: Nietnera pundaluoya Green , by monotypy and original designation.

pundaluoya Green, 1922: 455 . BD: 255. Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Mallotus . Lauraceae : Cinnamomum , Litsea . Loranthaceae : Loranthus . Rubiaceae : Psychotria . Theaceae : Eurya . Vitaceae : Vitis .

Nodulicoccus Morrison , in: Morrison & Morrison, 1923: 19. BD: 255–256.

Type species: Monophlebus crawfordi levis Maskell , by monotypy.

levis ( Maskell, 1893b: 244). BD: 256. Distribution: Australasian: Australia.

Host plant not indicated.

Palaeococcus Cockerell, 1894: 36 . BD: 256–257.

Type species: Monophlebus fuscipennis Burmeister. By subsequent designation of Cockerell, 1902q: 233.

brasiliensis ( Walker, 1852: 1089) . BD: 257. Distribution: Neotropical: Argentina (Buenos Aires); Brazil.

Host plant no indicated.

fuscipennis ( Burmeister, 1835: 80) . BD: 257–258. Distribution: Palaearctic: Algeria; Cyprus; France; Germany; Israel; Poland; Spain; Switzerland; Turkey.

Host plants: Aceraceae : Acer . Fagaceae : Quercus . Pinaceae : Abies , Picea , Pinus , Pinus brutia brutia , Pinus canariensis , Pinus halepensis , Pinus pinea , Pinus silvestris .

tabaybae ( Lindinger, 1919: 2). BD: 258–259. Palaearctic: Canary Islands.

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Euphorbia regis-jubae .

Paramoandesia Foldi, 2009: 13 .

Type species: Paramoandesia colombiensis Foldi , by original designation.

* colombiensis Foldi, 2009: 16-21 .

Distribution: Neotropical: Colombia.

Host plants: Asteraceae : Espeletia brachyaxiantha .

* ecuadorensis Foldi, 2009: 21-25.

Distribution: Neotropical: Ecuador.

Host plants: Asteraceae : Espeletia pycnophylla .

Peengea Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 904 . BD: 259.

Type species: Peengea affinis Bhatti & Gullan , by original designation.

affinis Bhatti & Gullan, 1990: 906 . BD: 259. Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.

Host plants: Combretaceae : Terminalia kaernbachii . Elaeocarpaceae : Elaeocarpus . Fabaceae : Albizia . Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus torreliana . Pinaceae : Pinus .

Perissopneumon Newstead, 1900: 250 . BD: 260.

Type species: Perissopneumon ferox Newstead , by monotypy.

cellulosa ( Takahashi, 1942b: 4). BD: 260. Distribution: Oriental: Thailand.

On undetermined plant.

ferox Newstead, 1900: 250 . BD: 260–261. Distribution: Oriental: India (Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh).

Host plants: Annonaceae : Annona squamosa . Meliaceae : Melia indica . Rutaceae : Citrus .

phyllanthi ( Green, 1923c: 169). BD: 261. Distribution: Oriental: India (Karnataka, Kerala, West Bengal); Sri Lanka .

Host plants: Bombacaceae : Bombax . Euphorbiaceae : Cleistanthus , Croton , Phyllanthus . Fabaceae : Prosopis . Malvaceae : Gossypium . Tamaricaceae : Tamarix .

tamarindus ( Green, 1908a: 17). BD: 261–262. Distribution: Oriental: India (Karnataka).

On branches of 'Tamarind'.

tectonae ( Morrison, 1927: 105) . BD: 262. Distribution: Oriental: India (Madhya Pradesh).

Host plants: Verbenaceae : Tectona .

* Proticerya Cockerell, 1895z: 15 . BD: 187. Type-species: Icerya rileyi Cockerell by original designation.

Note: This genus was synonymised with Crypticerya Cockerell by Unruh & Gullan (2008: 24).

Protortonia Townsend , in: Townsend & Cockerell, 1898: 169. BD: 262–263.

Type species: Ortonia primitiva Townsend , by original designation.

azteca ( Ferris, 1925: 230). BD: 33. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico ( Mexico State, Michoacan).

Host plants: Pinaceae : Pinus , Pinus teocote .

cacti ( Linnaeus, 1758: 457). BD: 263. Distribution: Neotropical: Puerto Rico & Vieques Island ( Puerto Rico); Saba & Sint Eustatius ( Sint Eustatius). Host plants: Cactaceae .

crotonis Reyne, 1964: 122. BD: 263. Distribution: Neotropical: Netherlands Antilles ( Bonaire).

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Croton flavens .

* ecuadorensis Foldi, 2006: 102.

Distribution: Neotropical: Colombia; Ecuador.

Host plants: Rosaceae : Prunus communis . Salicaceae : Salix .

navesi Fonseca, J. P., 1979: 7. BD: 263.

Distribution: Neotropical: Brazil ( Bahia , Distrito federal Brasilia, Goiás, Minas Gerais).

Host plants: Asteraceae : Acanthospermum australe , Ageratum conyzoides , Bidens pilosa , Conyza canadensis , Emilia sonchifolia , Eupatorium pauciflorum , Tridax procumbens , Tridax procunbens , Vernonia cognata . Euphorbiaceae : Manihot esculenta , Manihot utilissima . Fabaceae : Stylosanthes guyanensis . Poaceae : Andropogon gaianus , Brachiaria decumbens , Cenchrus echinatus , Rhynchelytrum repens . Solanaceae : Solanum americanum . Sterculiaceae : Waltheria indica .

primitiva (Townsend in: Townsend & Cockerell, 1898: 169). BD: 264. Distribution: Nearctic: Mexico (Morelos).

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Manihot . Pinaceae : Pinus oocarpa .

* quernea Williams & Gullan, 2008: 122.

Distribution: Neotropical: Costa Rica.

Host plants: Fagaceae : Quercus .

Pseudaspidoproctus Morrison, 1927: 104 . BD: 264.

Type species: Aspidoproctus hypheniacus Hall , by original designation.

acaciae ( Joubert, 1925: 119). BD: 264–265. Distribution: Afrotropical: South Africa.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Acacia .

africana (Newstead, 1908: 4) . BD: 265. Distribution: Afrotropical: Kenya.

Host plants: Poaceae .

fortis ( Cockerell, 1901l: 224). BD: 265. Distribution: Afrotropical: South Africa.

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Eucalyptus .

fulleri ( Cockerell, 1901l: 223). BD: 266. Distribution: Afrotropical: South Africa.

Host plants: Poaceae , Cynodon .

gramineus Jashenko & Danzig, 1992: 89. BD: 266. Distribution: Afrotropical: Yemen. Palaearctic: Afghanistan.

Host plants: Poaceae : Odyssea mucronata .

hyphaeniacus ( Hall, 1925: 1). BD: 266–267.

Distribution: Afrotropical: Yemen. Oriental: India (Punjab). Palaearctic: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Egypt; Libya; Saudi Arabia.

Host plants: Arecaceae : Hyphaene thebaica , Phoenix dactylifera . Poaceae : Stipa . Rosaceae : Malus sylvestris . Scrophulariaceae : Verbascum .

madecassus Mamet, 1951: 230. BD: 267. Distribution: Afrotropical: Madagascar.

Host plants: Asteraceae : Psiadia dodoneaefolia .

vayssieriellus Ghesquière, 1943: 395. BD: 268. Distribution: Afrotropical: Nigeria; Zaire.

Host plants: Arecaceae : Cocos nucifera , Elaeis guineensis , Oreodoxa regia .

zimmermanni ( Newstead, 1911a: 157). BD: 268. Distribution: Afrotropical: Tanzania.

Host plants: Euphorbiaceae : Manihot glaziovii .

Sishania Ferris, 1950: 12 . BD: 268.

Type species: Sishania nigropilata Ferris , by original designation.

flavopilata Tang & Hao, 1995: 144. BD: 269. Distribution: Oriental: China (Yunnan).

On undetermined plant.

nigropilata Ferris, 1950: 13 . BD: 269. Distribution: Oriental: China (Yunnan).

Host plants: Rosaceae : Prunus pseudocerasus .

* Steatococcus Ferris, 1921: 69 . BD: 269–270.

Type species: Palaeococcus morrilli Cockerell , by original designation.

Note: This genus was synonymised with Crypticerya by Unruh & Gullan (2008: 24).

Tessarobelus Montrouzier , in: Perroud & Montrouzier, 1864: 246. BD: 276.

Type species: Tessarobelus guerini Montrouzier , by original designation.

guerini Montrouzier , in: Perroud & Montrouzier, 1864: 247. BD: 277. Distribution: Australasian: New Caledonia.

Host plants: Annonaceae : Annona squamosa . Guttiferae: Calophyllum . Myrtaceae : Jambosa pseudomalaccensis , Melaleuca , Melaleuca leucadendron .

immaturus Bhatti, 1991: 138. BD: 277. Distribution: Australasian: New Caledonia.

Host plants: Arecaceae .

inusitatus Bhatti, 1991: 140. BD: 277–278. Distribution: Australasian: New Caledonia.

Host plants: Myrtaceae : Tristaniopsis guillinii .

ordinarius Bhatti, 1991: 142. BD: 278. Distribution: Australasian: New Caledonia.

Host plants: Casuarinaceae : Casuarina .

perissoporosus Bhatti, 1991: 144. BD: 278. Distribution: Australasian: New Caledonia.

On wild plant.

Vrydagha Vayssière, 1957: 1 . BD: 278.

Type species: Vrydagha lepesmei Vayssière , by original designation.

lepesmei Vayssière, 1957: 1 . BD: 279. Distribution: Afrotropical: Zaire.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Arachis hypogaea . Malvaceae : Gossypium . Poaceae : Imperata cylindrica , Zea mays .

Walkeriana Signoret, 1876a: 390 . BD: 279.

Type species: Coccus floriger Walker , by monotypy.

andreae Green, 1899: 45. BD: 279–280. Distribution: Afrotropical: Congo.

On bark of unidentified tree.

compacta Green, 1896: 6. BD: 280. Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

On stems of undetermined tree.

digitifrons Newstead, 1920: 177. BD: 280. Distribution: Afrotropical: Uganda.

Host plants: Fabaceae : Baikiaea eminii .

florigera ( Walker, 1858: 305). BD: 281. Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

Host plants: Lauraceae : Litsea zeylanica . Proteaceae : Grevillea robusta .

furcatus ( Green, 1922: 433). BD: 281–282. Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

Host plant not indicated.

ovilla Green, 1922: 448. BD: 282. Distribution: Oriental: Sri Lanka.

Host plants: Magnoliaceae : Michelia nilagirica . Myrtaceae : Eugenia subavenis .

tosariensis Reyne, 1957a: 116 . BD: 283. Distribution: Oriental: Indonesia (Java).

Host plants: Casuarinaceae : Casuarina junghuhniana .