Cheiloneurus tainus Trjapitzin & Triapitsyn

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 374-376

Cheiloneurus tainus Trjapitzin & Triapitsyn

( Figs 950-957; Hab. E 137,138, G 139,140)

Cheiloneurus tainus Trjapitzin & Triapitsyn, 2008:471-472 . Holotype E, ZISP, Cuba , not examined.

DIAGNOSIS. Female (length macropterous, about 1.2-1.7mm; brachypterous 0.8-1.4mm): body mostly orange with posterior one-third of mesoscutum laterally, posterolateral parts of propodeum and much of gaster pale brown; antenna ( Fig. 952) with scape pale orange; pedicel pale orange; funicle mainly orange mixed brown, F5-F6 dark brown; clava mostly pale yellow, dark brown basally; posterior one-third of mesoscutum with dense silvery setae; fore and hind coxae white, mid coxa pale orange; legs mostly white to pale orange, hind leg with brown areas towards apex of femur and base of tibia; fully-developed fore wing ( Fig. 955) mostly infuscate with basal cell almost completely hyaline, a small hyaline area at apex of venation and one on opposite margin, apex narrowly hyaline; abbreviated fore wing ( Fig. 954) weakly infuscate in basal half or so, apex hyaline; head ( Fig. 956) about 3X as wide as frontovertex, in facial view slightly broader than long subcircular with genae converging and weakly curved, more strongly curved towards mouth margin; frontovertex with about 20 inconspicuous setae medially between anterior ocellus and scrobes; eye separated from scrobe by about 2.5X diameter of anterior ocellus, area between eye and scrobe with conspicuous sculpture; scrobes shallow, margin rounded; interantennal prominence with about 20 inconspicuous setae and dorsally rounded; mandible tridentate; antenna ( Fig. 952) with scape about 4X as long as broad; funicle with F1 slightly longer than broad, F2 transverse and relatively small, F3-F6 subquadrate; head width slightly greater than flagellum length; linear sensilla on F3-F6; clava 3-segmented, slightly shorter than F3-F6 combined; sensory area small and at apex only, giving it a rounded appearance; mesoscutum ( Figs 950, 951) in anterior three-fifths with coarse, longitudinally elongate, striate to striate-reticulate sculpture; scutellum with a distinct, apical tuft of setae; wings fully developed ( Fig. 955) or shortened ( Fig. 954) with apex obliquely truncate and pointed with apex hardly reaching base of gaster; fully developed fore wing about 3.1X as long as broad; parastigma clearly downcurved; costal cell dorsally with not more than two apical setae and ventrally with a complete line of setae; area below proximal part of parastigma with a group of about 20 setae; apices of postmarginal and stigmal veins connected by a naked hyaline area that continues a little way into disc ( Fig. 953); apical bristle of postmarginal vein about 0.5X as long as marginal vein; mid tibial spur about as long as basitarsus; propodeum with about five setae adjacent to spiracle, side naked; gaster without “gland-like” structures on Gt1 or Gt5; syntergum about 1.2X as long as mid tibia with apex weakly angular; ovipositor ( Fig. 957) about 4X gonostylus or about 1.8-1.9X as long as mid tibia; gonostylus about as long as mid tibial spur; exserted part of ovipositor about 1.5X as long as mid tibial spur. Male (Length 0.63- 1.02mm): body completely orange except for brown posterior part of mesopleuron, propodeum and apical two-thirds of gaster; fully developed fore wing hyaline with a weak, median infuscate, band below apex of venation; antenna filamentous with all flagellar segments at least 4-5X as long as broad (relatively shorter in smaller specimens), subequal and clothed with setae that are 2.5-3X as long as diameter of segments; brachypterous fore wing with truncate apex almost transverse; aedeagus slender, about 15X as long as broad and about two-thirds as long as mid tibia; digitus about 3X as long as broad and with a single apical hook.

DISTRIBUTION. USA (Florida), Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Belize, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Suriname (new records) and Cuba .

HOSTS. Recorded below from Antonina graminis Maskell ( Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae ) on Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka ( Poales : Poaceae ).

MATERIAL EXAMINED.

Non type material. USA, 1E, Florida, Eureka nr Ocala, 3.ix.1976 (Z. Bouček); 1E, Florida, Dade Co., Everglades NP, Long Pine Key, 31.viii-9.xii.1986 (S. & J. Peck); 3E, Florida, Dade Co., TREC Homestead, ex Antonina graminis on Natal grass, 14.x.1987 (F.D. Bennett); 7E, 1G, Florida, TREC Homestead, ex Antonina graminis on Natal grass, 7.xi.1987 (F.D. Bennett, R. Rueda); 1E, 1G, Florida, Dade Co., TREC Homestead, ex Antonina graminis on Natal grass, 7.xi.1987 (F.D. Bennett). BAHAMAS, 2E, Rum Cay, Airstrip, v.1983 (B.Bowen). CUBA , 1E, Santiago,Jardin Botanico , 4-17.xii.1995 (L.Masner). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, 1E, Pedernales, Cabo Rojo, Compaña Alcoa, 17.i.1989 (L. Masner); 1E, Pedernales, Cabo Rojo, 10m, 28.xi-2.xii.1991 (L. Masner, S.J. Peck); 1E, Pedernales, 37km N Pedernales, Los Arroyos, 2. xii.1991 (L. Masner, S. Peck). PUERTO RICO, 1E, Patillas, 600m, 25.viii.1987 (V.O. Becker). SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS, 4E, Saint Kitts, Bayford Dairy, 300m, xii.1985 (L.D. Coote); 1E, Basseterre, xi.1985 (B.J. Buckland). DOMINICA, 1E, St Paul, Springfield Est., 20-27.xi.1994 (L. Masner);2E, St Mark, Scott’s Head Point, s.s., 2.xii.1995 (L. Masner). SAINT LUCIA, 1E, Castries, ii-iii.1983 (K. Bolter). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, 1E, Trinidad, Caroni, Caroni swamp, edge of mangrove swamp, 1.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, 2G, Trinidad, Caroni, Gran Couva, wasteground, 16.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, Mayaro, Trinity Hills Reserve, rainforest, 5.viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, 1G, Trinidad, Mayaro, Basse Terre, wasteground, 14.viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, St David, Toko, wasteground, 28.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Trinidad, St George, Maracas Valley, edge of rainforest, 23.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, 10G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, wasteground, 14.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 23E, 35G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, wasteground, 15.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 3E, 1G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, wasteground, 16.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, wasteground, 21.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, wasteground, 24.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 29E, 31G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, ex Antonina graminis Mask. on grass, vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 4G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, Malaise trap, 15.vii- 13.viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, Malaise trap, viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, Malaise trap, viii.1976 (F.D. Bennett); 1G, Trinidad, St George, El Tucuche, s. slope, rainforest, 26.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, St. George, Arima Valley, 5 th mile, edge of rainforest, 3.vii,.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Trinidad, St George, Arena Reserve, rainforest, 31.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Trinidad, St George, Arena Reserve, rainforest, 3.viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, 1G, Trinidad, St George, St Augustine, wasteground, 21.vi.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Trinidad, St Patrick, Bonasse, coconut plantation, 12.viii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Trinidad, 16km N. Arima, Andrews Trace, montane forest, 17-24. vi.1983 (S. & J. Peck); 1E, Trinidad, Curepe, 24-29.vii.1977 (F.D. Bennett); 6E, 11G, Tobago, St Patrick, Mount Irvine Bay, 19.vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes); 1G, Tobago, St Paul, Parlatuvier Valley, edge of rainforest, 20. vii.1976 (J.S. Noyes). BELIZE, 4E, Belize, YPT, iii.1993 (Denis-Bolte). COSTA RICA, 15E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP , various localities and dates 17.iv.1985 - 20.xii.1986 (Janzen & Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Guanacaste NP, 1300m, Derrumbé Vn Cacao , iv-v.1988 (Gauld, Janzen); 2E, Guanacaste, Guanacaste NP (error for Santa Rosa NP ), near Playa Naranjo, 11.iii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste NP, Est. Pitilla, YPT, iii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, Guanacaste NP, 9km S. Santa Cecilia, Est. Pitilla, ii.1992 (C. Moraga); 3E, Guanacaste, Pitilla ( ACG), 700m, MT/YPT, 24.i-27.ii.1996 (J.S. Noyes); 3E, Guanacaste, Santa Cruz, PN Marino las Baulas, LN 258050 332690, 0m, 16.viii.2000 and 14.xii.2000 (Y. Cárdenas); 2E, Guanacaste, BN Diriá, Ret. Alr. Torre Control de Incendio, LN 238550 358650, 600-700m, #66659, xii.2001 - i.2002 (I. Jiménez); 2E, Guanacaste, Santa Cruz, Vista del Mar. Torre Cocesna, LN 357490 235430, #61247, xii.2000 - i.2001 (Y. Cárdenas); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sect. Palo Verde, 150m E Estacion, LN 260952 385020, 10m, YPT, #53297, 4-14.ix.1999 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Catalina, Fila Catalina, LN 257400 400000, 200m, #62105, 13.iii-19.iv.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, San Lorenzo, Tienas Morenas, LN 287800 4427600, iv.1995 (G. Rodriguez); 1E, Alajuela, Upala, Alb. Heliconias, Send. leg Danto, LN 423760 298100, 1100m, #59702, iii-iv.2000 (J.D. Gutierrez); 1E, Alajuela, Aguas Zarcas, cafe, iii.1990 (P. Hanson); 2E, Alajuela, Peñas Blancas, 9.v.1987 (E. Cruz); 2E, Alajuela, PN Arenal, Send. Pilón, LN 457900 26910000, 600m, #29233, 16.x.2000 (G. Carballo); 19E, Alajuela, PN Arenal, Sect. La Peninsula, LN 453800 271500, 600m, various dates iii.2000 - v.2001 (G. Carballo); 1E, Heredia, La Selva BS, 50m, MT/YPT, ii.1991 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, La Selva Biol. Sta., 3km S. Pto Viejo, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 21.i.3-. ii.1991 (J.S. Noyes); 6E, Heredia, 3km S Puerto Viejo, OTS-La Selva, 100m, xii.1992 and ii-iv.1993 (P. Hanson); 1E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 75m, ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, Heredia, 16km SSE La Virgen, 10°16’N 85°05’W, 1050-1150m, 11/M/TN, 10.ii-21.iv.2001 ( INBio / OET-ALAS); 2E, 16km SSE La Virgen, 10°120’N 85°05’W, 1050-1150m, 11/M/NOTN, 9.ii-21. iv.2001 ( INBio / OET-ALAS); 2E, Heredia, 11km SSE La Virgen, 10°16’N 85°05’W, 450-550m, 05/M/TN, 22.ii-20.iv.2003 ( INBio / OET-ALAS); 1E, Heredia, Rio Frio, Banano, 100m, x.1989 (E. Quirós); 2E, Heredia, Braulio Carrillo NP ( HQ), 250-500m, 10.iv.1985 (L. Masner, H. Goulet); 1E, San José, San Pedro, Tigre Cacao, iii-iv.1990 (P. Hanson); 1E, San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600m, viii.1995 (P. Hanson); 5E, Puntarenas, Manuel Antonio NP, 23-27.viii.1986 (L. Masner); 1E, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, Cerro Biolley, LS 332400 572200, 1760m, #64571, 10.viii-10.ix.2001 ( D. Rubí ); 1E, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, Send. Los Gigantes, LS 331800 572100, 1460m, 10.i-10.ii.2002 ( D. Rubí ); 1E, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, 9°03’N 83°00’W, 1450m, ii.2002 (C. Hansson, D. Rubí ); 1E, Puntarenas, Est. Altamira, Send a Casa Coca, LS 331750 574400, 1700m, ii.2002 (C. Hansson, D. Rubí, J. Azofeifa ); 1E, Puntarenas, ACOSA, Albergue Cerro de Oro, 200m, 5-7.v.1995 (E. Flete); 3E, Puntarenas, 3km SW Rincon, 10m, viii.1991, x.1991 and ii.1992 (P. Hanson); 1E, Puntarenas, RF Golfo Dulce, 5km W Piedras Blancas, 8°46’N 83°17’W, 200m, 1. iii.1991 (P. Hanson, C. Godoy); 2E, Puntarenas, RF Golfo Dulce, 24km W Piedras Blancas, 8°46’N 83°24’W, 200m, 1.iii.1991 and ii.1992 (P. Hanson); 1E, Puntarenas, Pen. Osa , 23km N Puerto Jimenez, La Palma, 10m, i-iv.1991 (P. Hanson); 1E, Puntarenas, Pen. Osa , 5km N Puerto Jimenez, 8°33’N 83°21’W, 10m, i-ii.1991 (Hanson, Godoy); 1E, Puntarenas, Pen. Osa , Puerto Jimenez, 10m, ii.1992 (P. Hanson); 20E, Puntarenas, Pen. Osa , Puerto Jimenez, 8°32’N 83°19’W, 10m, various dates v.1991 - iii.1993 (P. Hanson); 2E, Puntarenas, Golfito, Est. El Tigre, LS 529600 277800, 30m, #57972, 19.vii.2000 (J.A. Azofeifa); 1E, Puntarenas, RF Golfo Dulce, Est.Agujas, LS 276750 526550, 300m, #71458, 25.vii-25.ix.2002 (J. Azofeifa); 1E, Limón, PN Braulio Carrillio, Est. Queb. González, LN 238380 543100, 400-500m, 23-30.iii.2002 (P. Hanson, C. Godoy); 1E, Limón, 16km W Guapiles, viii-ix.1989 (P. Hanson); 1E, Limón, PN Cahuita, 5m, 1.iii.1991 (J.S. Noyes). ECUADOR, 1E, Napo, Tena , 18.ii.1983 (L. Huggert); 4E, Napo, Tena , ii.1986 (A.T. Finnamore); 2G, Napo, Tena , 16.ii.1986 (A.T. Finnamore); 2E, Napo, Laguna Jatuncocha, 20km S Yasuni, ii.1986 (A.T. Finnamore);1E, Napo, 20km S Nuevo Rocafuerte on Rio Yasuni, Jatuncocha, 5.ii.1986 (A.T. Finnamore); 1E, Napo, Limoniocha , ii.1986 (A.T. Finnamore); 1E, Pichin(cha), Tinlandia, 800m, 2.ii.1983 (Masner, Sharkey); 1E, Pichincha, Rio Palenque Sta., 47km S Santo Domingo, lowland rainforest, 180m, 29.iv- 5.v.1987 (Brown, Coote). PERU, 1E, Madre de Dios, Rio Tambopata Res., 12°50’S 69°20’W, 17.x-1.xi.1983 (N.E. Stork); 2E, Madre de Dios, Laberinto, i.1984 (A.T. Finnamore); 1E, Madre de Dios, Pto Maldonado, 3.i.1984 (L. Huggert); 2E, Lima City, S. Marcos Univ. Campus, Malaise trap, 26-27.iv.1983 (C. & M. Vardy); 1E, Loreto, Iquitos, NE Rio Nanay, 6.ii.1984 (L. Huggert). VENEZUELA, 1E, Aragua, PN H. Pittier, Rancho Grande, 1100m, 9-10.vi.1994 (L. Masner); 1E, Aragua, Rancho Grande NP, cloud forest, 1100m, viii-ix.1992 (L. Masner). SURINAME, 4E, Saramacca, Voltzberg Nat. Res., ii.1982 (J.M. Carpenter). Material in NHMUK, MZUCR, USNM, CNC, LFCI, ZISP and PPRI.

COMMENTS. Although I have not examined any type material of tainus , I am confident that the material included here belongs to this species. The single specimen from Cuba listed above agrees completely with the original description of tainus and it also appears to be a common species occurring throughout the region, both fully winged forms and brachypterous forms occurring together.

As suggested by the key, Cheiloneurus tainus is very similar to elegans and the two can be difficult to separate. The two species can be separated reliably using the characters given in the key.