Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (Ishii)

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 40-41

Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (Ishii)

( Figs 33-40; Hab. E 6)

Anabrolepis bifasciata Ishii, 1923:106-107 . Lectotype E, designated by Japoshvili et al., 2016:350, Japan, NIAES, not examined.

Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (Ishii) ; Compere & Annecke, 1961:57

DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 1.1-1.5mm): head with frontovertex metallic green to blue-green; purple above scrobes and between eye and scrobe; a few setae along inner eye margin, these continuing below eye on to gena as a conspicuous line; maxillary palpus white; antenna mainly dark brown, but with F5 pale orange, mixed brown proximally and F6 pale yellow; thorax dark brown to black with a metallic lustre; mesoscutum mostly with a purple and blue-green sheen, axilla and dorsal part of scutellum similar to mesoscutum, but much less shiny, side and apex of scutellum bright, metallic blue-green; all coxae dark brown; fore femur dark brown with extreme apices very pale orange, tibia dark brown with apical one-third pale orange; mid femur white in proximal half, a broad, subapical brown band, apex very pale orange, tibia very pale orange with a subbasal, brown band, spur and tarsus very pale orange, almost white; hind femur dark brown with extreme base pale orange, tibia dark brown with apical 0.3X white; fore wing ( Fig. 38) hyaline proximad of parastigma, otherwise mostly infuscate, but with a pair of opposite, subrectangular, marginal, hyaline spots distad of apex of venation and more or less hyaline apically; gaster dorsally with a coppery purple sheen mixed slightly brassy and green, Gt1 with a proximal metallic purple band then a dark metallic blue and blue-green band and distally coppery purple; gonostylus dark brown; head ( Fig. 33) about 4.5-5.4X as wide as frontovertex, which is narrowest a little behind posterior ocelli and immediately above scrobes; ocelli forming an angle of about 55-75°; frontovertex with relatively deep, punctate-reticulate sculpture; antenna as in Figs 34, 35; scape hardly broadened and flattened, about 4.1-4.3X as long as broad; F1 and F2 relatively small, anelliform, subequal, F3-F4 a little larger, transverse or quadrate, F5-F6 quadrate or longer than broad, smaller specimens with F3-F4 transverse; linear sensilla present only on F3-F6; clava in smaller specimens a little longer than funicle, but in larger specimens about as long as F2-F6 combined; eye clothed with moderately conspicuous setae, each of which is very nearly as long as diameter of facet; mandible with 4 teeth, two upper teeth very short sometimes forming a truncate margin; thorax ( Fig. 37) with polygonally reticulate to imbricate-reticulate sculpture on mesoscutum; scutellum dorsally with fine, more or less regular punctate-reticulate sculpture that is clearly deeper than that on mesoscutum, side and apex completely smooth and shiny; scutellum with 3 or 4 smaller setae and 4 larger setae, including a pair of longer, slender, subapical setae; fore wing with venation and setation as in Figs 38, 39; gaster with hypopygium as in Fig. 36; ovipositor ( Fig. 40) slightly exserted, the exserted part about 0.8X length of mid tibial spur or about 0.3X mid tibia. Male (length about 0.9-1.0mm): similar to female but for wider frontovertex, hyaline fore wing and structure of antenna and genitalia; head about 2X as wide as frontovertex, antenna with 2 anelliform funicle segments and a long clava that is about 7-8X as long as broad and about as long as head width; fore wing with linea calva interrupted by 2 or 3 setae; genitalia with aedeagus slender, digiti well developed, each about 2X as long as broad with a single apical hook.

DISTRIBUTION. USA (Hawaii), Bangladesh, India, China, Taiwan, Japan (see Noyes 2019). Also recorded below from Costa Rica (new record).

HOSTS. Recorded from Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) , Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) , Gannaspis glomerata (Green) , Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) , Lepidosaphes Shimer , Lindingaspis setiger (Maskell) , Pinnaspis Cockerell , Pseudaonidia duplex (Cockerell) and Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green) (see Noyes, 2019). Also, apparently insectary reared on Ceroplastes rubens Maskell ( Hemiptera : Coccidae ) (see below) which suggests that the record of this species being reared once from the same host by Yasumatsu & Tachikawa (1949) may be correct, albeit unusual. A male of this species has also been reported emerging from Ceroplastes japonicus Green ( Xu & Huang, 2004) .

MATERIAL EXAMINED.

COSTA RICA, 3E, Alajuela, RF Arenal, Stor Colada, LN 269900 456750, 600m, 26.x-22.xi.1999, ii.2000 and v-vi.2000 (G. Carballo); 1E Alajuela, PN Arenal, Sendero Ceibo, 10°27’N 84°44’W, 620m, 22- 23.ii.2016 (J.S. Noyes). CHINA, 1E, Hainan, Hengsheng Co., ex Pseudaonidia sp. on Citrus sp. , 92-620- 21, 17.vi.1992 (H.W. Browning). JAPAN, 4G, Nagasaki, ex Ceroplastes rubens , 17.iii.1916 (C.P. Clausen) [ USA: California, State Insectary 1224], “G Adelencyrtus bifasciatus det. Compere”. Material in MZUCR and NHMUK.

COMMENTS. I have not been able to examine type material of this species, but the specimens agree well with the original description by Ishii (1923) and also material determined as this species from China. Initially I thought that the material from Costa Rica belonged to a separate species characterised by relatively longer funicle segments. However, the antenna of a smaller specimen collected in the same locality matches the description and the Chinese specimen very well. Given this range of variation it seems possible that Adelencyrtus biannulatus Zhang and Shi (2010) , described from China, may be merely larger specimens of bifasciatus and thus the two may be synonymous.