Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant)

Kreiter, Serge, Payet, Rose-My & Azali, Hamza Abdou, 2021, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of Anjouan Island (Comoros Archipelago), Acarologia 61 (1), pp. 62-83 : 67-69

Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant)

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) herbicolus Chant 1959: 84 .

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) herbicolus, Muma 1961: 287 .

Typhlodromus herbicolus, Hirschmann 1962: 23 .

Characters Anjouan (13) Kenya 1 (2) Kenya 2 (1) Kenya 3 (1?) Sri Lanka (3) Characters Anjouan (13) Kenya 1 (2) Kenya 2 (1) Kenya 3 (1?) Sri Lanka (3) (this study) (this study)

Dsl 349 (328 – 363) 360 384 335 352 (335 – 368) Gensw post. corn. 73 (63 – 88) – – – –

Dsw 226 (200 – 243) 240 259 196 242 (225 – 257) st5-st5 68 (60 – 80) 70 65 – 75) 70 74 68 (67 – 68) j1 38 (34 – 40) 42 (41 – 43) 43 46 39 (36 – 42) Lisl 24 (20 – 28) – – – –

j3 47 (43 – 49) 47 (43 – 51) 54 50 46 (43 – 50) Lisw 5 (4 – 5) – – – –

j4 8 (8 – 10) 8 (7 – 10) 6 4 – 6 7 (7 – 8) Sisl 10 (8 – 13) – – – –

j5 6 (5 – 8) 8 (7 – 10) 6 4 – 6 6 Vsl 107 (93 – 113) 115 (113 – 117) 128 115 109 (107 – 110)

j6 8 (5 – 9) 8 (7 – 10) 8 4 – 6 7 (7 – 8) Vsw ZV2 56 (50 – 62) 54 (53 – 55) 56 55 56 (54 – 57)

J2 9 (8 – 10) 11 (10-12) 11 4 – 6 10 Vsw anus 65 (53 – 70) 66 (65 – 67) 67 70 63 (60 – 66)

J5 10 (8 – 12) 11 (10-12) 8 4 – 6 9 gv3 – gv3 29 (24 – 32) – – – –

r3 12 (10 – 15) 12 11 10 15 (15 – 16) JV5 58 (49 – 68) – – 60 –

R1 10 (8 – 12) 10 10 10 12 (12 – 13) SgeI 47 (43 – 50) 50 (48 – 52) 50 – 46 (45 – 47)

s4 80 (75 – 88) 106 (103 – 109) 109 102 97 (93 – 100) StiI 30 – – – 30 (28 – 34) S2 15 (10 – 18) 12 11 7 13 SgeII 39 (37 – 42) 38 40 36 42 (38 – 46) S4 12 (10 – 15) 12 11 7 12 StiII 29 – – – 30

S5 10 (8 – 13) 11 11 7 9 (9 – 10) SgeIII 49 (45 – 54) 47 (43 – 51) 53 48 48 (48 – 49) z2 10 (8 – 12) 8 8 4 – 6 12 StiIII 40 (35 – 46) 37 (34 – 41) 46 36 43 (40 – 46) z4 10 (9 – 11) 11 (10 – 12) 10 4 – 6 9 StIII 30 – – – –

z5 7 (5 – 8) 8 (7 – 10) 6 4 – 6 6 (5 – 6) SgeIV 161 (150 – 170) 157 (156 – 158) 166 145 154 (144 – 163)

Z1 11 (9 – 13) 12 8 8 12 (12 – 13) StiIV 115 (93 – 123) 116 (112 – 120) 118 106 113 (98 – 120) Z4 73 (70 – 76) 98 (96 – 100) 102 90 89 (87 – 90) StIV 63 (60 – 68) 68 (67 – 69) 74 65 74 (72 – 76)

Z5 286 (275 – 308) 323 (310 – 336) 330 304 300 (290 – 308) Scl 15 (12 – 20) 12 16 12 11 (10 – 12) st1-st1 60 (54 – 65) – – – – Scw 9 (5 – 12) – – – – st2-st2 69 (63 – 73) 67 74 70 66 (65 – 67) Fdl 29 (26 – 30) 29 29 – 32 (32 – 33) st3-st3 70 (63 – 73) – – – – No teeth Fd 12 13 12 12 – st1-st3 67 (64 – 70) 62 66 55 64 (62 – 66) Mdl 31 (30 – 39) 31 31 – 34 (34 – 35) st4-st4 70 (55 – 85) – – – – No teeth Md 3 3 3 3 – Gensl 123 (115 – 133) – – – – Sources of measurements – Kenya 1: Moraes & McMurtry (1988); Kenya 2: Zannou et al. Gensw st5 74 (65 – 85) – – – – (2007); Kenya 3: El-Banhawy & Knapp (2011); Sri Lanka: Moraes et al. (2004a); –: not provided.

Amblyseius herbicolus, Moraes et al. 1986: 14, 1989: 79 , 2004b: 27; Chant & McMurtry 2004:

208, 2007: 78 ; Doker et al. 2020: in press.

Amblyseius impactus Chaudhri 1968: 553 (synonymy according to Daneshvar & Denmark 1982).

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) amitae Bhattacharyya 1968: 677 (synonymy according to Denmark

& Muma 1989).

Amblyseius deleoni Muma & Denmark 1970: 68 (synonymy according to Daneshvar & Denmark 1982).

Amblyseius giganticus Gupta 1981: 33 (synonymy according to Gupta 1986).

Amblyseius (Amblyseialus) thermophilus Karg 1991: 12 (synonymy according to El­Banhawy

& Knapp 2011).

This species belongs to the largoensis species group as setae J2 and Z1 are present, setae s4 are minute and the ventrianal shield of the female is vase­shaped. It belongs to the largoensis species subgroup as setae Z4 are long, spermatheca has the calyx elongate and the female ventrianal shield is entire ( Chant and McMurtry 2004).

Amblyseius herbicolus is widespread in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is the second most abundant phytoseiid mites on Coffea arabica L. in Brazil, associated with Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) , vector of the coffee ring spot virus and it was found to be an efficient predator ( Reis et al. 2007). Amblyseius herbicolus is also found associated with the broad mite, P. latus , in crops such as chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Brazil and has also

Characters Anjouan (5) Kenya (1) Characters Anjouan (5) Kenya (1)

Dsl 267 (262 – 275) – Vsl 113 (110 – 118) 122

Dsw 170 (150 – 183) – Vsw ZV2 147 (138 – 158) 160

j1 31 (29 – 33) – Vsw anus 55 (50 – 60) –

j3 44 (43 – 45) – gv3 – gv3 23 (20 – 25) –

j4 8 – JV5 39 (34 – 45) –

j5 5 (5 – 6) – SgeI 36 (34 – 40) –

j6 8 – StiI 30

J2 9 (8 – 10) – SgeII 31 (30 – 33) –

J5 8 (8 – 9) – StiII 25

r3 10 (8 – 11) – SgeIII 38 (37 – 38) –

R1 10 (9 – 11) – StiIII 33 (32 – 33) –

s4 67 (63 – 70) – StIII 28 –

S2 11 (10 – 12) – SgeIV 95 (93 – 98) –

S4 10 (9 – 11) – StiIV 74 (70 – 78) –

S5 8 (7 – 8) – StIV 53 (50 – 55) –

z2 9 (8 – 10) – Fdl 23 (22 – 23) –

z4 9 (8 – 10) – No teeth Fd 8 –

z5 5 (5 – 6) – Mdl 22 (21 – 23) –

Z1 9 (8 – 10) – No teeth Md 3 –

Z4 62 (60 – 65) – Shaft 19 (18 – 20) 14

Z5 219 (200 – 238) – Foot 5 5

st1-st1 51 (50 – 53) – Toe 3 3

st2-st2 54 (50 – 55) – Sources of measurements – Kenya: El-Banhawy & Knapp

st3-st3 55 (51 – 58) – (2011); –: not provided.

st1-st5 114 (112 – 118) –

st4-st4 35 (31 – 37) –

st5-st5 31 (30 – 33) –

a good potential for controlling the pest. Rodriguez­Cruz et al. (2013) had studied biological, reproductive and life table parameters of A. herbicolus on three different diets: broad mites, castor bean pollen ( Ricinus communis L.) and sun hemp pollen ( Crotalaria juncea L.). The predator was able to develop and reproduce on all these three diets. However, its intrinsic growth rate was higher on broad mites and castor bean pollen. Feeding on alternative food such as pollen can facilitate the predator’s mass rearing and maintains its population on crops when prey is absent or scarce. Many polyphagous generalist phytoseiid mites are important natural enemies because they can feed on plant provided pollen and various prey species, and thus persist in crops even in the absence of target pests ( McMurtry et al. 2013). Hence, populations of these predators can be established in a crop by providing alternative food, thus increasing biological control. Alternative food affects P. latus control on chilli pepper plants by predatory mites ( Duarte et al. 2015). Amblyseius herbicolus had high oviposition and population growth rates when fed with cattail pollen Typha (latifolia L.), chilli pepper pollen and bee­collected pollen, and a low rate on the alternative prey ( Tetranychus urticae Koch ). Supplementing pepper plants with pollen resulted in better control of broad mite populations ( Duarte et al.

2015). Release of A. herbicolus on young plants with weekly addition of honeybee pollen or cattail pollen until plants produce flowers seems a viable strategy to sustain populations of this predator ( Duarte et al. 2015).

Amblyseius herbicolus was previously recorded in a lot of countries of the world and especially in French West Indies ( Moraes et al. 2000, Kreiter et al. 2006) and in Comoros Archipelago in Grande Comore Island ( Kreiter et al. 2018b).

World distribution: Argentina, Australia, Azores, Benin, Brazil, Burundi, Canary Islands, China, Colombia, Grande Comore Island, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Dr Congo, El Salvador, Ghana, Guadeloupe Island, Guatemala, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Iran, Kenya, Les Saintes, La Réunion and Madagascar Islands, Malawi, Malaysia, Martinique Island, New Caledonia Island, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA, Venezuela, West Indies.

Specimens examined: five specimens (5 ♀♀) collected during this study. Dindi, inside the village (567 m aasl, 12°12 ′ 56 ″ S, 44°27 ′ 02 ″ E), 2 ♀♀ on Clidemia hirta (L.) Don ( Melastomataceae ), 29/XI/2018 ; Chandra, inside the village (448 m aasl, 12°11 ′ 56 ″ S,

44°27 ′ 52 ″ E), 2 ♀♀ on Codiaeum variegatum (L.) De Jussieu ( Euphorbiaceae ) and 1 ♀ on Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis (Euphorbiaceae) , 29/XI/2018.

Remarks: this species was reported by Kreiter et al. (2018b) in the Grande Comore Island of the Comoros Archipelago in the Indian Ocean based on two females. This is interesting to notice that no male were collected, just like in La Réunion Island ( Kreiter et al. 2020c) and also on Citrus in Black Sea Region of Turkey ( Doker et al. 2020). Amblyseius herbicolus was reported in the past from La Réunion Island from few specimens ( Quilici et al. 1997, 2000) and more recently from a lot of specimens ( Kreiter et al. 2020d). It is also reported recently from Vietnam ( Kreiter et al. 2020c), Rodrigues and Maurice Islands ( Kreiter and Abo­Shnaf 2020a,

b) but only from females. Morphological and morphometric characters and all measurements fit well with those measurements provided in Kreiter et al. (2018b, 2020c, d).