Chinavia Orian, 1965

Genevcius, Bruno C., Grazia, Jocelia & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2012, Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Zootaxa 3434, pp. 1-30 : 20-22

Genus Chinavia Orian, 1965

Chinavia Orian, 1965: 25 ; Day, 1965: 559; Roche, 1977: 562; Ahmad, 1996: 49 –51; Schwertner, 2005: 102 –103; Schwertner & Grazia, 2007: 416.

Acrosternum pallidoconspersum -group Linnavuori, 1972: 416 –418.

Acrosternum (Chinavia) ; Linnavuori, 1982: 139 –143; Rolston, 1983: 102 -108; Frey-da-Silva & Grazia, 2001: 108 –113.

Obstinata group

Diagnosis. Recognized among species of Chinavia by the body coloration, including lateral margins of juga, hemelytra and connexiva, predominantly green; peritreme exceeding half the width of the evaporatorium; corium not surpassing the posterior margin of connexival segment VI; medial spine of third urosternite reaching mid-coxae and occasionally surpassing it; apex of the flaps of pygophore ventral rim with a hook-like projection.

Medium size, without differences in body length or width among species. Males: length, 11.7 ± 0.7 mm; width, 6.95 ± 0.04 mm. Females: length, 13.51 ± 0.12 mm; width, 8.2 ± 0.07 mm. Other measurements in Table 4 .

Coloration. Dorsal surface ranging from light to dark green, ventral surface blending to yellow medially.

Segment I of antennae always green, segments II to V variable among species (black or green). Legs

predominantly light-green, with apex of tibiae and tarsi dark green. Hemelytral membrane hyaline.

Head. Dorsal surface of juga flat, shape of lateral margins variable among species. Rostrum always surpassing mesocoxae. Apex of scutellum obtuse.

Thorax. Anterolateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuous. Humeral angles obtuse or slightly truncate. Peritreme surpassing half the width of the evaporatorium.

Abdomen. Ventrally convex. Punctures of dorsal surface darker than the surrounding area, fine and dense; punctures of ventral surface concolorous with the surrounding area, inconspicuous and sparse. Sinuosity of posterior margin of segment VII inconspicuous, not projected over the basal angle of laterotergites 8.

Male genitalia. Pygophore subtrapezoidal ( Fig. 23 ), with posterolateral angles projected well beyond the ventral rim. Median projection of dorsal rim convex; lateral thirds of dorsal rim slightly projected over the genital cup. Flaps of pygophore ventral rim folded over the genital cup ( Fig. 23 ); mesial margins of flaps concave and emarginated in black, apex with a curved hook-like projection; lateral margins sinuous. Segment X dorsally convex. Parameres projected anteroposteriorly. Ventral rim of pygophore moderately convex, median excavation “V”-shaped ( Fig. 24 ). Depression of ventral wall not well developed, but delimited by a conspicuous carina. Phallus similar to other species of Chinavia (e.g. Schwertner & Grazia, 2006; Grazia et al. 2006).

Female genitalia. Gonocoxites 8 ( Fig. 25 ): sutural angles obtuse, sutural margins not juxtaposed, posterior margins almost straight. Gonapophyses 8 surpassing posterior margins of gonocoxites 8. Apex of laterotergites 9 obtuse, surface slightly concave, mesial margins rectilinear. Posterior margin of gonocoxites 9 concave. Spine of the posterior margin of gonapophyses 9 well developed ( Fig. 25 ), sometimes reaching half length of the gonocoxites 9. Pars intermedialis as long as capsula seminalis ( Fig. 26 ); posterior annular flange with diameter less than that of the anterior annular flange; anterior annular flange slightly curved toward pars intermedialis.

Distribution ( Fig. 1 ): Brazil: Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. In all these states, the distribution of the species are mainly restricted to Atlantic Rain Forest areas; C. obstinata also occurs in the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul, more related to the Pampa, a biome dominated by grasslands and riparian forests.

Key to the species of the obstinata group

1. Antennal segments, except segment I, black; a broad submarginal dorsal depression present along the anterolateral margins of the pronotum; gonocoxites 8 strongly convex with distinct excavation on each posterior margin ( Fig. 25c ); scutellum tapering at apex................................................................................. Chinavia napaea

- All antennal segments green; anterolateral margins of pronotum without submarginal dorsal depression; gonocoxites 8 not strongly convex, without excavations on the posterior margins.................................................. 2

2. Medial spine of third urosternite never surpassing mesocoxae; black spots on the connexivum always absent; posterolateral angles of the pygophore tapering at apex ( Fig. 23a ); median excavation of the ventral rim of the pygophore slightly concave; gonocoxites 8 flat....................................................................... Chinavia difficilis

- Medial spine of third urosternite segment reaching and sometimes surpassing mesocoxae; black spots on the posterolateral angles of all urosternites, sometimes extending to the connexivum; pygophore posterolateral angles truncate to rounded ( Fig. 23b ), median excavation of ventral rim of pygophore strongly concave............................. Chinavia obstinata

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of obstinata group. Green, Chinavia difficilis; red, C. obstinata; yellow, C. napaea. Dark gray, Brazilian Atlantic Forest; light gray, Pampa biome.

FIGURE 23. Ventral view of pygophore: C. difficilis (a), C. obstinata (b), showing flaps (fl) and genital cup (gc).

FIGURE 24. Posterior view of pygophores: C. obstinata (a) and C. difficilis (b), showing “V-shaped” median excavation (me).

FIGURE 25. Ventral view of female genitalia: C. obstinata (a), C. difficilis (b) and C. napaea (c), showing gonocoxites 8 and 9 (gc8 and gc9), laterotergites 8 and 9 (la8 and la9), segment X (X), sutural angles (sa) and excavations (ex) on the posterior margins of gonocoxites 8 of C. napaea (c).

FIGURE 26. Ectodermic ducts (internal female genitalia): C. difficilis, showing posterior and anterior annular flanges (paf and aaf), pars intermedialis (pi), capsula seminalis (cs) and processes of capsula seminalis (pcs).

Tables

TABLE 4. Morphometric parameters of the species of obstinata group. HL = head length; HW = head width; ID = interocular distance; AI-AV = antennal segments I to V; RI-RIV = rostrum segments I to IV; PL = pronotum length; PW = pronotum width; SL = scutellum length; SW = scutellum width.

			HL	HW	ID	AI	AII	AIII	AIV	AV	RI	RII	RIII	RIV	PL	PW	SL	SW
C. obstinata	♀	Med	1.98	1.98	1.69	0.51	0.84	1.27	1.45	1.55	1.31	1.18	1.09	0.83	2.77	7.19	4.68	4.55
		SD	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.02	0.26	0.26	0.23	0.19	0.08	0.07	0.11	0.05	0.11	0.06	0.10	0.06
		Min	1.95	1.95	1.66	0.42	0.56	0.92	1.09	1.20	1.04	0.95	0.87	0.67	2.64	7.12	4.59	4.49
		Max	2.05	2.05	1.76	0.45	0.87	1.23	.137	1.43	1.15	1.06	1.04	0.73	2.83	7.22	4.78	4.59
	♀	Med	2.18	2.15	1.88	0.53	0.87	1.25	1.54	1.52	1.31	1.37	1.13	0.94	3.00	8.26	5.57	5.18
		DP	0.12	0.09	0.07	0.06	0.12	0.21	0.24	0.13	0.09	0.14	0.09	0.11	0.19	0.44	0.43	0.21
		Min	1.85	2.10	1.76	0.43	0.66	0.89	1.09	1.39	1.12	1.12	0.96	0.76	2.64	7.61	4.88	4.78
		Max	2.34	2.40	2.05	0.66	1.06	1.62	1.95	1.68	1.49	1.65	1.29	1.12	3.32	8.98	6.34	5.56
C. difficilis	♂	Med	1.95	1.92	1.69	0.46	0.83	1.07	1.68	1.72	1.19	1.04	0.84	0.71	2.70	6.77	4.59	4.26
		SD	0.17	0.11	0.25	0	0	0.26	0	0	0.19	0.02	0.26	0.16	0.30	0.37	0.20	0.20
		Min	1.76	1.85	1.46	0.46	0.83	0.89	1.68	1.72	1.06	1.02	0.66	0.59	2.44	6.34	4.39	4.10
		Max	2.05	2.05	1.95	0.46	0.83	1.25	1.68	1.72	1.32	1.06	1.02	0.83	3.03	7.03	4.78	4.49
	♀	Med	2.10	2.12	1.77	0.50	0.95	1.20	1.75	1.78	1.36	1.30	0.99	0.82	2.85	7.55	5.16	4.82
		SD	0.13	0.17	0.16	0.04	0.16	0.22	0	0	0.10	0.15	0.09	0.08	0.22	0.66	0.48	0.45
		Min	1.95	1.85	1.56	0.46	0.69	0.99	1.75	1,78	1.22	0.99	0.83	0.69	2.54	6.73	4.49	4.20
		Max	2.24	2.34	2.05	0.56	1.16	1.49	1.75	1.78	1.49	1.45	1.12	0.89	3.22	8.49	6.05	5.47
C. napaea	♀	Med	2.15	2.00	1.60	0.50	-	1.12	1.45	1.89	1.49	1.35	0.99	0.89	2.80	7.70	5.45	5.15
		SD	0.0 7	0	0.0 1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.28	0.14	0.21	0.35
		Min	0.21	2.0 0	1.50	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.60	7. 60	5.30	4. 90
		Max	0.22	2.0 0	1.70	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.0 0	7.80	5. 60	5.40