Pseudoodes, Guéorguiev & Liang, 2020

Guéorguiev, Borislav & Liang, Hongbin, 2020, Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental representatives of Lachnocrepis LeConte and Oodes Bonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with special account on Chinese species, Zootaxa 4850 (1), pp. 1-89 : 9-11

Pseudoodes gen. n.

Type species: Oodes cribristernis Bates, 1892 , by present designation.

Diagnosis. The species from this genus share the following character states:

(1) Mentum tooth with apex truncate to emarginate;

(2) Submentum with medial and lateral setiferous punctures;

(3) Prosternal process unbordered;

(4) Abdominal ventrite 3 without ambulatory setae;

(5) Male protarsomere 3 subtrapezoidal, with sides constricted distally;

(6) Basal bulb of median lobe of aedeagus closed dorsally, with apical aileron;

(7) Sclerite of internal sac of median lobe very long, spiral, formed by broader proximal part and narrower distal extension;

(8) Spermatheca differentiated to receptaculum and seminal canal (reverse state occurs in several taxa of “ rambouseki ” group).

Description. Color and luster. Dorsal part of head and ventral surface dark-brown to black; pronotum and elytra dark brown to black (most species) or bluish ( P. coelestinus ); appendages piceous to rufopiceous. Microsculpture and micropunctuation. Dorsal surface of head, pronotum and elytra with regular micropunctuation and isodiametric meshes well impressed which together form “punctate rosettes” microreticulation (like Anatrichis spp., see Spence 1983; Guéorguiev & Morita 2017), micropunctuation larger, denser and more regular on head than on pronotum and elytra; ventral surface without regular micropunctuation, with reduced sculpticells (sometimes meso- and metacoxae, and metasternum with microreticulation). Chaetotaxy. Labrum with six more or less equidistant setae, the two lateral shorter and slightly remote from medial four. Clypeal setae present. Anterior supraorbital seta absent. Ventral seta of antennomere 2 located in apical half. Anterior seta of stipes present. Setae on apical margin of ligula distant. Penultimate labial palpomere glabrous. Pronotum with basal setiferous punctures (except P. coelestinus ). Parascutellar seta of elytron present. Elytral interval 3 with two discal setiferous punctures near stria 2, first situated in medial third, second in posterior third. Mesocoxa with lateral and posterior setae; mesotrochanter with one seta. Hind femur without posterior setae. Last visible sternite with two apical punctures in male, four in female. Basal gonocoxite with lateroapical setae, without medioapical setae. Apical gonocoxite with two, well-developed or reduced, dorsolateral ensiform setae; dorsomedial ensiform seta present, located near base or equidistant from base and middle, rarely near middle; nematiform setae present, located near apex or equidistant from apex and middle. Head. Eye large, its vertical diameter greater than length of antennomere 1 (in most species) or subequal to it (in “ rambouseki ” group). Anterior margin of labrum straight. Antenna long, with last two or three segments exceeding pronotal base. Mandibles large, convex. Last two maxillary palpomeres of subequal length. Paraglossa long, not expanded. Mentum tooth with apex truncate (most species), more rarely emarginate (in P. vicarius and P. rambouseki ). Thorax. Pronotum with anterior angles slightly to moderately projected. Prosternal process elliptic (most species), rarely ovate (in P. vicarius ), with apex rounded or subpointed. Mesosternum deeply concave; mesepisternum without apodemal pit; mesocoxal rim entire. Elytra. Parascutellar striola distinct or reduced, situated between suture and stria 1; stria 7 as distinct as medial striae. Granulation in marginal furrow continuous. Legs. Metacoxal basal sulcus well developed, extending to lateral fourth (in “ cribristernis ” group) or reduced, reaching lateral third of coxa (in “ ampliusculus ” and “ rambouseki ” groups), rarely ending at medial third (in P. coelestinus ). Male mesotibia slightly dilated apically (most species), rarely markedly swollen in apical two-thirds (in P. rambouseki ) or greatly curved in basal third and then widened apically (in P. coelestinus ). Mesotarsomeres 2–4 and metatarsomeres 3–4 in both sexes as well as protarsomeres 1–4 in female with (in P. coelestinus ) or without (in other species) long and dense, yellowish setae on ventral surface. Male front tarsomeres 1–3 with numerous adhesive setae beneath; adhesive setae covering apical three-fourths of tarsomere 1. Male genitalia. Basal bulb of median lobe broad. Ostium reaching (in P. coelestinus ) or not reaching basal bulb (in other species). Internal sac with elongate sclerite occupying greater length of shaft. Female genitalia. Apical gonocoxite subelongate or subtriangular. Bursa copulatrix with or without dorsal sclerite; spermatheca moderately long to very long, more or less differentiated (most species) or undifferentiated ( P. hunanensis , P. leigongshanicus ), with receptaculum twisted (most species) or coiled apically ( P. hunanensis , P. leigongshanicus ); spermathecal gland with atrium, connected in apical fifth (“ cribricollis ” and “ coelestinus ” groups), or apical third ( P. ampliusculus , P. rambouseki ), or near middle ( P. hunanensis , P. leigongshanicus ) of spermatheca; common oviduct with villous canal.

Monophyly and relationships. Species of Pseudoodes share three synapomorphies suggesting that the genus, as presently conceived, form a clade: (1) mentum tooth truncate to emarginate; (2) abdominal sternite 3 without ambulatory setae; and (3) internal sac of median lobe with elongate, helical sclerite. The genus is rather heterogeneous as its four species groups display significant morphological differences with each other. The great divergence seems to be a result of long-term evolution, colonization of new geographical areas and settlement in new (different) microhabitats.

The species of Pseudoodes share one synapomorphy with those of Sundaoodes —the spermatheca differentiated into long and thinner seminal canal and short and wider receptaculum ( Figs 2E , 7D , 14J , 15J, K ). The two genera might be adelphotaxa, but evidence to support this is weak.

Etymology. A compound name which derives from the Greek stem ψευδής [pseudḗs] (false, fake) and the generic name Oodes also of Greek origin (see Bousquet 2012: 955). Its gender is masculine.

Geographical distribution and diversity. The genus includes ten species: P. vicarius ( Bates, 1873) , P. coelestinus ( Chaudoir, 1882) , P. subcoriaceus ( Chaudoir, 1882) , P. cribristernis ( Bates, 1892) , P. rambouseki ( Jedlička, 1931) , P. ampliusculus sp. n., P. emeishanicus sp. n., P. hunanensis sp. n., P. leigongshanicus sp. n., and P. tianlinensis sp. n. The species occur in East and Southeast Asia, ranging from Japan in the north through South China to Indochina and the Malay Archipelago in the south.

Notes. The number of submental setae, prosternal process narrowly rounded apically and the structure of spermatheca ( Bousquet 1996: 471–472, 532, fig. 131) suggest that the North American species Oodes amaroides Dejean, 1831 may also belong to this genus. However, this species has prosternal process bordered apically, a state opposite to that in the taxa of Pseudoodes . We have not studied any specimens of four Nearctic Oodes species, including O. amaroides .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Pseudoodes cribristernis Bates, 1892 (A–B: female specimen, China, Yunnan Prov., Fugong County, Guquan Village; C: male specimen, same locality; D–E: female specimen, Thailand, Chiang Dao). A: mentum; B: prosternal process; C: right protarsomeres; D: left gonocoxite, ventral view; E: spermathecal complex and gonocoxites, ventral view. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs A–C, E); = 0.2 mm (Fig. D).

FIGURE 7. Pseudoodes coelestinus Chaudoir, 1882 (A: male specimen, Malaysia, Mulu National Park; B: male specimen, Malaysia, Kapit; C–D: female specimen, Malaysia, Mulu National Park).A: median lobe of aedeagus, left lateral view; B: same, dorsal view; C: left gonocoxite, ventral view; D: spermathecal complex and gonocoxites, ventral view. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs A–B, D); = 0.2 mm (Fig. C).

FIGURE 14. Sundaoodes hainanensis sp. n. (A–H:holotype; I–J: female paratype).A: habitus and labels; B: head and pronotum; C: mentum; D: prosternal process; E: left metepisternum and metacoxa; F: median lobe of aedeagus, left lateral view; G: same, ventral view; H: same, dorsal view; I: left gonocoxite, ventral view; J: spermathecal complex and gonocoxites, ventral view. Scale lines = 2 mm (Fig. A); = 1 mm (Figs B, E); = 0.5 mm (Figs C–D, F–H, J); = 0.2 mm (Fig. I).

FIGURE 15. Sundaoodes kalimantanensis sp. n. (A, C–D, G–H: holotype; B, E–F, I–K: paratype). A: habitus and labels; B: habitus; C: head and pronotum; D: mentum (white spots show locations of submental setiferous punctures); E: prosternal process; F: left metepisternum and metacoxa; G: median lobe of aedeagus, left lateral view; H: same, anterior half, dorsal view; I: left gonocoxite, ventral view; J: spermathecal complex and gonocoxites, dorsal view; K: same, ventral view. Scale lines = 2 mm (Figs A–B); = 1 mm (Figs C, F); = 0.5 mm (Fig. D–E, G–H, J–K); = 0.2 mm (Fig. I).