Oodes Bonelli, 1810

Guéorguiev, Borislav & Liang, Hongbin, 2020, Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental representatives of Lachnocrepis LeConte and Oodes Bonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with special account on Chinese species, Zootaxa 4850 (1), pp. 1-89 : 43

Oodes Bonelli, 1810

Oodes Bonelli, 1810 : tab. syn.

Type species: Carabus helopioides Fabricius, 1792 , by monotypy.

References. Ganglbauer 1891a: 383; Péringuey 1896: 529; Porta 1923: 213; Andrewes 1940: 203; Jeannel 1942: 980–981; Jeannel 1949: 833–834; Habu 1956: 80–81; Bousquet 1996: 469–471.

Diagnosis. The species of this genus share the following character states:

(1) Mentum tooth with apex rounded;

(2) Submentum with medial setiferous punctures, without lateral setiferous punctures;

(3) Pronotum without setiferous punctures at basal margin;

(4) Abdominal ventrite 3 with ambulatory setae;

(5) Male protarsomere 3 rectangular, with subparallel sides;

(6) Basal bulb of median lobe closed dorsally, with apical aileron.

Description. As reported by Bousquet (1996: 468, 470–471) for the Nearctic representatives of the genera Lachnocrepis LeConte and Oodes Bonelli , with the following specifications (see also “Diagnosis”). Microsculpture and micropunctuation. Dorsal surface of head, pronotum and elytra with regular micropunctuation and isodiametric meshes well impressed which together form “punctate rosettes” microreticulation; micropunctuation usually, larger, denser and more regular on head than on pronotum and elytra; ventral surface without regular micropunctuation, with reduced sculpticells. Chaetotaxy. Elytral interval 3 with two discal setiferous punctures situated closer to stria 2, first situated in medial third, second in posterior third. Basal gonocoxite with lateroapical setae, without medioapical setae.Apical gonocoxite with or without one or two very small dorsolateral ensiform setae; dorsomedial ensiform seta present, located near base; nematiform setae present, situated equidistant from middle and apex, rarely absent. Elytra. Stria 7 as distinct as stria 6 or markedly reduced (in O. gracilis ). Granulation in marginal furrow continuous or discontinuous. Legs. Metacoxal basal sulcus well-developed, extending to lateral one-third to onefourth of coxa, rarely reduced, ending at medial fifth. Male mesotibia not or only moderately modified, with apical swelling. Meso- and metatarsomeres 1–4 (or 2–4) with or without dense and long pubescence on ventral side. Male genitalia. Ostium elongate, reaching or not reaching basal bulb. Internal sac with or without sclerite. Female genitalia. Apical gonocoxite stout, sub-triangular. Bursa copulatrix expanded distally or not expanded; spermatheca long, undifferentiated (seminal canal), twisted or coiled apically (see also Bousquet 1996: 532, figs 130, 132); spermathecal gland with atrium, connected near apex of seminal canal; common oviduct with villous canal.

Monophyly and relationships. The taxa of Oodes possess a single synapomorphy, the submentum without lateral setiferous punctures, suggesting that the genus may constitute a clade. In addition, all members of the genus have two other derived features, the diagnostic states (3) and (5), which are supposedly homoplastic (see “Monophyly and relationships” under Sundaoodes ). The representatives of Oodes and Sundaoodes share character states (1) and (3)–(6). However, the members of the two genera differ in: (1) chaetotaxy of submentum; (2) structure of basal bulb of median lobe; (3) shape of apical gonocoxite; (4) stage of differentiation of spermatheca; and (5) connection of spermathecal gland to spermatheca. Oodes is likely the adelphotaxon of Pseudoodes + Sundaoodes . The spermathecae in three genera are long, with spermathecal gland connected near apical third (with the exception of being connected near the middle in a few taxa of Pseudoodes ). However, the spermatheca in Oodes species is undifferentiated while those of species from the other two genera are more or less differentiated to a seminal canal and a receptaculum (with reversed state in several taxa of Pseudoodes ).

The species from the nominotypical subgenus and those from Lachnocrepis LeConte share character states 1–6 which is a good evidence of a close relationship between the two groups and for their common origin. Likely Lachnocrepis arose within Oodes s.l. during an early stage of diversification. In view of existing common features, including one synapomophy between Lachnocrepis and Oodes not shared by any other representative from the Oodes generic group, we prefer to rank the former group as a subgenus of the latter.