Patrus garuda, Suksai & Gustafson & Sites & Sangpradub, 2021

Suksai, Benjamart, Gustafson, Grey T., Sites, Robert W. & Sangpradub, Narumon, 2021, Review of the Patrus landaisi species group from Thailand with description of three new species (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae), Zootaxa 4991 (3), pp. 561-591 : 571-573

Patrus garuda sp. nov.

( Figs. 2C , 3C , 4C , 7 , 13A , 14A )

Type material. HOLOTYPE: male (card mounted; aedeagus in microvial), “ THAILAND: Chiang Mai / Prov.; Doi Inthanon Natl. / Park; Siriphum Waterfall / 9.V.2002; L-401 // 18º32’N 98°31’E / 1460 m a.s.l. / UMC & CMU teams” ( UMC).

PARATYPES (8 exs): THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Doi Inthanon Natl. Park., Huai Sai Luang Waterfall , 18°31’N 98°27’E, 1060 m a.s.l., 13.I.2003, leg. CMU team, 1 male ( UMC) ; same locality except for, Siriphum Waterfall , 18°32’N 98°31’E, 1460 m a.s.l., 9.III.2002, leg. UMC & CMU teams, L-401, 3 males, 1 female ( UMC) ; same locality except for, Siriphum Waterfall , 9.V.2002, leg. UMC & CMU teams, L-401, 1 male ( THNHM) ; same locality except for, 14.XI.2002, leg. CMU team, 2 females ( THNHM, UMC) .

Additional material. THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Doi Inthanon Natl. Park., streams downstream from Siriphum Falls , 1350–1400 m a.s.l. (10), 28.XII.1998, leg. P. Mazzoldi, 21 exs ( PMI) .

Diagnosis. Body form in lateral view strongly dorsoventrally convex, appearing humped in scutellar region; elytral glabrous region of male ( Figs. 2C , 7A ) cordiform, along suture extending ca. 7/9 length of elytra, laterally expanded in anterior 2/3 to considerably wider than pronotal glabrous region, posterior 1/3 strongly acuminate with rounded margins; female elytral glabrous region ( Figs. 3C , 7E ) dissimilar to male, ‘nycteriform’ (batwing-shaped); elytral apex of both sexes similar, evenly rounded without apicolateral sinuation, epipleural angle indistinct; male protibia ( Fig. 4C ) wedge-shaped, protibial apex truncate with weakly prominent distolateral angle; male protarsus ( Fig. 4C ) over 1/2 length of protibia, protarsomeres 1–4 mostly similar in width; mesoventrite without medial pit; aedeagus ( Fig. 7B–D ) with median lobe weakly tapered, apex weakly constricted in lateral view ( Fig. 7C ); female reproductive tract ( Fig. 7G ) with additional sclerite between gonocoxae ( Fig. 7F ), fertilization duct as in Fig. 7H .

Description. Habitus. Size. Male: TL = 12.5–14.0 mm, TW = 7.5–8.0 mm; female: TL = 12.0–13.0 mm, TW = 6.8–7.5 mm.

Body form elongate oval, more attenuated anteriorly than posteriorly, maximum width just posterior of humeral angle; in lateral view dorsoventrally strongly convex, maximum convexity posterior to scutellar region, more depressed posteriorly than anteriorly creating humped appearance.

Coloration ( Figs. 2C , 3C ). Dorsally head, pronotum, and elytra margined with golden pubescence; glabrous regions of head pronotum and elytra black with reticulation creating brassy sheen. Pronotal and elytral lateral margins dark. Venter dark, reddish-brown to black. Middle and hind legs from trochanter to tarsus and ultimate abdominal ventrite lighter in color, red to orangish-red.

Head. Head capsule broad, convex. Labrum short, ca. 3.5× wider than long; setose medially with setae situated in large deep punctures; apex broadly rounded. Clypeus narrow, ca. 1/2 width of labrum; strongly reticulate and densely punctured, reticulation hatched in appearance with numerous short, well-impressed transverse lines. Frons similarly with strong hatched reticulation and dense punctation; pseudofrontal ridge present; furrow beneath pseudofrontal ridge very narrow, without setae. Vertex also with strongly impressed hatch reticulation and dense punctation between dorsal eyes, reticulation becoming effaced in narrow band on occipital region. Dorsal eye delimited by strong orbital furrow; distance between dorsal eyes ca. 2.75× diameter of an eye; interorbital area strongly setose.

Thorax. Pronotum ( Figs. 2C , 7A ) with narrow lateral margins; pronotal transverse impressed line absent; lateral pubescence anteriorly extending onto pronotal disc as far as 2/3 width of dorsal eye; pronotal glabrous region densely and uniformly punctate with small weakly impressed punctures, strongly reticulate with uniform wellimpressed hatched reticulation similar to frons and vertex. Scutellar shield visible. Protrochanter with setose line along ventral (anterior) face. Profemur with setigerous punctures along anterior margin of ventral face, posterior margin of ventral face with row of setae along basal 2/3 ending with patch of longer, denser setae. Protibia ( Fig. 4C ) wedge-shaped in males, not constricted basally, ventral (inner) margin straight; distal apex truncate, distolateral angle slightly prominent. Male protarsus ( Fig. 4C ) ca. 2.5/4 length of protibia, protarsomeres with distolateral angle round, not overlapping on following tarsomere, lateral margins weakly rounded, fifth tarsomere 2× length of fourth, with lateral margins weakly rounded. Elytra ( Figs. 2C , 7A ) with narrow lateral margins becoming gradually widened apically; elytral apex evenly rounded, without apicolateral sinuation, epipleural angle indistinct, sutural angle weakly rounded; elytral glabrous region along suture extending ca. 7/9 length of elytra, considerably wider than pronotal glabrous region; cordiform in males, with anterior 2/3 laterally expanded and, posterior 1/3 strongly acuminate; lateral pubescence in anterior 2/3 with rounded concave margins, posterior 1/3 convex rounded through apical acumination; reticulation and punctation similar to pronotal glabrous region. Mesoventrite without medial pit.

Sexual dimorphism. Females smaller in size, more narrowly elongate in dorsal view ( Fig. 3C ), with weaker lateral expansion of the elytra post humeral region resulting in narrower habitus. Glabrous region of female elytra different ( Figs. 3C , 7E ), ‘nycteriform’ (batwing-shaped), extending ca. 7/9 length of elytra, broad in anterior 4/5 occupying 10/11 elytral width, lateral margins weakly rounded, abruptly acuminate in posterior 1/5, posterolateral corners with jagged appearance, not produced into large points, posterior margin briefly straight before becoming convex near suture. Protibia of female shorter than male.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus ( Fig. 7B ) with median lobe ca. 5/6 length of parameres, weakly tapered, apical 1/6 of aedeagus acuminate with straight lateral margins, apex weakly constricted in lateral view ( Fig. 7C ), operculum as in ( Fig. 7D ); parameres narrowly rounded apically ( Fig. 7B ).

Female genitalia. Reproductive tract with large sac-like spermatheca ( Fig. 7G ); fertilization duct sclerotized, highly convoluted ( Fig. 7H ); small sclerite present posterior to oviduct; additional round sclerite present between gonocoxae; gonocoxae narrow, apically rounded, lateral margins weakly sinuate ( Fig. 7F ).

Variation. There is variation in size and width among the material examined. Large males also tend to be relatively broader in total body width than smaller males. Females vary primarily in total body length.

Differential diagnosis. Patrus garuda sp. nov. is most similar to P. landaisi , though being unique among the known P. landaisi species group in Thailand in having broadly rounded elytral apices in both sexes ( Figs. 2C , 3C , 7A, 7E ). The female of P. garuda sp. nov. shares with that of P. salvazai a rounded elytral apex and indistinct epipleural angle, however, the elytral glabrous region of the new species is very different from the cordiform glabrous region in P. salvazai ( Figs. 3G , 11E ). The male of P. garuda sp. nov shares several characteristics with that of P. landaisi ( Table 2) but can be distinguished by the rounded elytral apices and aedeagal features. The aedeagus of P. garuda sp. nov has the median lobe more strongly tapered towards the apex, which is more strongly acuminate ( Fig. 7B ) compared to that of P. landaisi in which the median lobe is more parallel-sided and less tapered to towards the apex, with the apex much less constricted ( Fig. 8B ).

Etymology. This species is named after Garuda, the legendary bird-like creature of Hindu and Buddhist mythology, and national emblem of Thailand. The name is in reference to the wing-like glabrous region of the female elytra and is treated as a noun in the nominative case, standing in opposition.

Distribution. This species is currently only known from two high-elevation waterfalls and associated streams ( Fig. 13A ) within Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand ( Fig. 14A ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Dorsal habitus of males of P. landaisi species group: (A) P. apicalis; (B) P. corpulentus; (C) P. garuda sp. nov.; (D) P. landaisi; (E) P. nanensis sp. nov.; (F) P. phetchabunensis sp. nov.; (G) P. salvazai; (H) P. subapicalis. Scale bars = 4 mm.

FIGURE 3. Dorsal habitus of females of P. landaisi species group: (A) P. apicalis; (B) P. corpulentus; (C) P. garuda sp. nov.; (D) P. landaisi; (E) P. nanensis sp. nov.; (F) P. phetchabunensis sp. nov.; (G) P. salvazai; (H) P. subapicalis. Scale bars = 4 mm.

FIGURE 4. Left protibia and protarsus of males of P. landaisi species group: (A) P. apicalis; (B) P. corpulentus; (C) P. garuda sp. nov.; (D) P. landaisi; (E) P. nanensis sp. nov.; (F) P. phetchabunensis sp. nov.; (G) P. salvazai; (H) P. subapicalis. Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 7. Patrus garuda sp. nov.: (A) male pronotum and elytra, dorsal view, scale bar = 4 mm; (B) aedeagus, dorsal view, scale bar = 1 mm; (C) apex of median lobe, lateral view, scale bar = 1 mm; (D) apex of median lobe, ventral view showing operculum, scale bar = 1 mm; (E) female pronotum and elytra, dorsal view, scale bar = 4 mm; (F) gonocoxae and medial sclerotized structure, ventral view; (G) female reproductive tract, ventral view, bursal gland not shown, scale bar = 1 mm; (H) fertilization duct, ventral view.

FIGURE 8. Patrus landaisi: (A) male pronotum and elytra, dorsal view, scale bar = 4 mm; (B) aedeagus, dorsal view, scale bar = 1 mm; (C) apex of median lobe, lateral view, scale bar = 1 mm; (D) apex of median lobe, ventral view showing operculum, scale bar = 1 mm; (E) female pronotum and elytra, dorsal view, scale bar = 4 mm; (F) gonocoxae, ventral view; (G) female reproductive tract, ventral view, bursal gland not shown, scale bar = 1 mm; (H) fertilization duct, ventral view.

FIGURE 11. Patrus salvazai: (A) male pronotum and elytra, dorsal view, scale bar = 4 mm; (B) aedeagus, dorsal view, scale bar = 1 mm; (C) apex of median lobe, lateral view, scale bar = 1 mm; (D) apex of median lobe, ventral view showing operculum, scale bar = 1 mm; (E) female pronotum and elytra, dorsal view, scale bar = 4 mm; (F) gonocoxae, ventral view; (G) female reproductive tract, ventral view, bursal gland not shown, scale bar = 1 mm; (H) fertilization duct, ventral view.

FIGURE 13. Habitats of P. landaisi species group: (A) stream at Siriphum Waterfall, Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province, habitat of P. garuda sp. nov. and P. subapicalis; (B) Benjamart Suksai in habitat of P. apicalis and P. salvazai at Nam Kuen stream, Chiang Rai Province; (C) shallow stream close to Ban Thai Samakkhi, Chiang Rai Province, habitat of P. landaisi and P. salvazai; (D) Tham Yai Waterfall Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei Province, habitat of P. phetchabunensis sp. nov.; (E) puddle in dry stream bed close to Ban Phithak Thai, Chiang Rai Province, habitat of P. landaisi and P. salvazai; (F) P. landaisi and P. salvazai from puddle in dry stream habitat close to Ban Thai Samakkhi, Chiang Rai Province.

FIGURE 14. (A–B) Distribution records of the P. landaisi species group in Thailand.