Traumatomutilla tristis ( Klug, 1821 )

Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2022, Revision of the Traumatomutilla indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), Zootaxa 5108 (1), pp. 1-97 : 78-82

Traumatomutilla tristis ( Klug, 1821)

( Figs 28A–C , 29A–K )

Mutilla tristis Klug, 1821: 318 , holotype, ♀, Brazil, Para [sic] (ZMB), examined.

Mutilla foveiventris Gerstaecker, 1874: 316 , holotype, ♂, Brazil, Sello (ZMB), examined, syn. nov.

Mutilla caxara Cresson, 1902: 73 , holotype, ♂, Brazil, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimarães] (CMNH), examined, syn. nov.

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) foveiventris: André, 1902: 55 .

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) caxara: André, 1902: 56 .

Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) tristis: André, 1902: 56 .

Traumatomutilla foveiventris: André, 1904: 40 .

Traumatomutilla caxara: André, 1904: 40 .

Traumatomutilla tristis: André, 1904: 40 .

Diagnosis. FEMALE. Mesonotum as wide as distance between pronotal spiracles; lateral face of propodeum sparsely sculptured, with conspicuous smooth and shinning intervals, often wider than surrounding sculpture; anterolateral corners of pronotum subrounded in dorsal view, not angulate; lateral pronotal face at most with blunt swelling; anterolateral carinae of scutellar scale vestigial, frequently concealed by dense setation; MALE. Cuspis elongate, thin, widened apicad; mesopleuron tuberculate on dorsal half; meso and metatibial spurs yellowish-white; axillar projections acute; scutellum gibbose, dorsal and posterior faces well-defined, with equally wide longitudinal medial carina on dorsal face.

Description. FEMALE. Body length 12–14 mm. Head. Posterior margin virtually straight. Occipital carina evenly equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal virtually equal to the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Front, vertex, and gena densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; denser and coarser on vertex; with interspersed sparse, with sparse micropunctures on gena and malar space. Head with a longitudinal carina extending from middle of vertex to dorsal half of frons. Genal carina present. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex, with small subapical tooth, unarmed ventrally. Dorsal scrobal carina well-defined, narrowly separated from antennal tubercle and lateral scrobal carinae. Antennal tubercle coarsely punctate to irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.5 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.1 × pedicel length. Mesosoma . Mesosoma 0.9 × as long as wide. Pronotal and mesonotal dorsum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate with irregular intervals laterad, and simply densely punctate mediad; mesonotum with narrow longitudinal carina extending medially from anterior margin of mesonotum to scutellar area; dorsal face of propodeum with similar carina throughout; Anterior face of pronotum defined slightly longer than pronotal collar, with dense indistinct and coarse longitudinal striations ventrad, coarsely and densely punctate dorsad; dorsal face rounded into anterior face in lateral view. Humeral carina prominent, narrowly from epaulets; epaulets virtually flat against anterior margin of pronotum; antero-lateral corners of pronotum subrounded in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracles slightly produced from lateral margin of pronotum. Lateral face of pronotum densely punctured with dense interspersed micropunctures, except low micropunctate swelling antero-ventral in relation to pronotal spiracle. Mesopleuron sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, micropunctate anteriorly, sparsely and shallowly foveolate-punctate along mesopleural ridge where visible. Metapleuron concealed by dense setation on ventral half, unsculptured and smooth on dorsal half. Lateral face of propodeum sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate anteriad to densely and coarsely foveolatepunctate posterad; Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 61:79:80:61:60. Lateral margin of mesosoma strongly constriced anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly divergent anteriad thus expanded laterally. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma. Scutellar scale greatly reduced, nearly absent, present only as a slightly elevated arcuate outline on the integument extending to propodeal spiracles on both sides. Anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar scale. Propodeum convex in lateral view, dorsal face poorly distinguished from and virtually as long as posterior face. Metasoma. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 34:76:78. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with dense interspersed micropunctures; foveolations sparser and larger laterally and over integumental spots; micropunctures absent over integumental spots. T3–6 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; micropunctures nearly absent on T6. S1 surface cuneiform, densely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate around short longitudinal medial carina equally high throughout. S2 densely foveolate-punctate; foveolations denser and larger posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold well-defined. S3–5 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures where visible; S6 densely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical third of plate; surface with coarse and irregular rugosities; interstice granulose.

MALE. Body length 16 mm. Head. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view, 0.8 × as wide as pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 5.3 × DLO, IOD 1.45 × DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface densely and finely punctate with interspersed micropunctures; sculpture conspicuously sparser around ocelli. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, virtually flat elsewhere; densely and confusedly punctate; apical/ventral margin with a pair of short subrounded free teeth medially. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 2.1 × pedicel length; flagellomere 3 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth larger than medial tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma . Epaulets well-defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, broadly separated from humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subangulate. Anterior face of pronotum coarsely and densely punctate with interspersed micropunctures throughout; sculpture conspicuously sparser mediad; surface virtually flat throughout. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures along inner and anterior margins. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, notaulus and parapsis present, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum subglobose, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; with conspicuous dorsal and posterior faces; posterior face almost vertical; dorsal face with medial longitudinal, slightly elevated, “carina-like” area extending into posterior face. Axilla in dorsal view produced posterolaterally as short acute projection, with coarsely and densely foveolatepunctate dorsal surface. Metanotum slightly wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, densely areolate; sculpture of lateral face less defined to indistinct along anterior margin; dorsal face rounded into and poorly distinguished from posterior face. Lateral face of pronotum sparsely and indistinctly punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous short subacute spine-like projection on dorsal half; mesopleural sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropunctures; simply micropunctate anteriad. Metapleuron sparsely micropunctate to smooth throughout, except for indistinct areolations on ventral fourth and indistinct rugosities in dorsal fourth. Wings. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, truncate apically; three submarginal cells. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0.45 × as wide as T2. T2 length 0.85 × its width. Dorsal metasomal sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible. Pygidial plate coarsely micropunctate apically, broader than long, weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in longitudinal carina with short spine-like projection posterioly. S2 conspicuously flat medially, coarsely and sparsely foveolatepunctate to punctate, with micropunctures laterally; sculpture sparser posteromediad; with conspicuous subovate antero-medial setae filled pit; longitudinal anteromedial crest-fold present. S3–6 sparsely and coarsely foveolatepunctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; S7 sparsely foveolate-punctate with well-defined medial longitudinal unsculptured area; longer than broad, well-defined by lateral carinae throughout, posterior margin projected medially into a single tooth-like structure on posterior margin; apex of projection bilobate. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 78:71:25; paramere virtually straight and slightly curved outward apically in dorsal view, upcurved apically in lateral view; with sparse setae ventrally at anterior half; cuspis slender, elongate, posterior half conspicuously widening apicad in dorsal view, slightly narrower subapically in lateral view; with scattered long setae apically and sparse inconspicuous short setae elsewhere; paracuspis well-developed, not sessile, subtriangulate in lateral view, longer than wide with subtriangulate and sparsely setose posterodorsal margin in lateral view; setae as long as or shorter than paracuspis; digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, sparsely setose basodorsally, apex somewhat expanded, knob-like in lateral view; penis valve with inner surface strongly concave, and well-defined pair of short teeth posteroventrally; posterior tooth acute, subposterior tooth subrounded, blunt, with externolateral pocket; apical distance between teeth 0.1 × length of valve; dense setae present along subtruncate, shelf-like posterior margin; inconspicuous setae present at base of subposterior tooth on external surface.

Coloration and variations. FEMALE. Integument black to brownish-black, except mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with four reddish integumental spots. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except the following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: ventral half of gena, malar space, ventral third of lateral face of pronotum, ventral half of meso- and metapleuron, lateral face of propodeum, mesoscutum, laterally, propodeal dorsum laterally, femora ventrally, T1 laterally, lateral areas of T2, lateral felt lines of T2, lateral margins of T2, fringe of T2–3 medially and laterally, fringe of T4–6 medially, and S1–4 (except fringe of S4). MALE. Integument black to brownish-black. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: metanotum medially, metapleuron basally, propodeal dorsum predominantly, legs partially, T1, T2 anterolaterally, fringe of T2–4 laterally, S1– 4, and fringe of S2–3. Tibial spurs yellowish-white. Wings dark-brown infuscate throughout, with faint blueish/purplish reflections.

Distribution. Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina.

Material examined. (99♀, 14♂) Type material. Holotype of Mutilla tristis , ♀, Brazil, Para [sic] ( ZMB) ; holotype of M. foveiventris , ♂, BRAZIL, Sello ( ZMB) ; holotype of M. caxara , BRAZIL, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimarães] ( CMNH) . Additional material. BRAZIL: 3♀ ( ZMUC) ; Pará : 5♀ ( MZSP) ; Santarém , 1♀ ( RBINS) ; Alto Parú D’Oeste, [Aldeia] Tiriós : 3♀, I–II.1963, Machado e Pereira ( MNCN) ; 2♀, II.1963, Machado & Pereira ( CASC) ; 2♀, I–II.1968, Machado & Pereira ( MZSP) ; 1♀, 01.II.1963, Machado & Pereira ( MPEG) ; Óbidos: Le long de la plage, 1♂, 13.I.1936, W. Adam ( RBINS) ; Rondônia: 1♀ ( RBINS) ; Mato Grosso: 2♀, 1886, P. Ger- main ( MNHN) ; Barra do Tapirape : 5♀ ( MZSP) ; 2♀, 30.XII.1962, B. Malkin ( MPEG) ; 1♀, 1–2.II.1964, R. Malkin ( MZSP) ; 1♀, II.1964, R. Malkin ( MZSP) ; Rosário Oeste : 1♀, XI.1971, Dirings ( MZSP) ; 1♀, Dirings ( MZSP) ; 25♀ ( MZSP) ; 1♀, Cuiabá , 17–21.I.1965, Laroca ( DZUP) ; Cáceres , 1♀, 11.II.1985, Elias,C. ( DZUP) ; Descalvados, Rio Paraguay, 1♀, 28.VIII.1931, J.A.G. Rehn ( ANSP) ; Diamantina, Facienda São João , 1♀, 05.II.1981, C. Young ( MPEG) ; São Paulo: Horto Florestal Navarro de Andrade: Rio Claro : 1♀, 03.VIII.1987, R.P. Martins ( UFMG) ; 1♀, 30.VI.1987, R.P. Martins ( UFMG) ; 2♂, 26.X.1987, R.P. Martins ( UFMG) ; 1♂, 12.X.1987, R.P. Martins ( UFMG) ; Jundiaí, Serra do Japi , 1♀, 22.IV.1988, R.P. Martins ( UFMG) ; Campinas , 1♂ ( CUIC) ; Tocantins, Porto Nacional : 1♀, 09.X.2002, M. Bragança ( UFT) ; 1♀, 1955 ( MNRJ) ; Espírito Santo, Praia das Neves , 1♀, 27.IV.1998, Raw, A. ( DZUP) ; BOLIVIA: Rosario, Lake Rogagua , 1♀, XI, M.R. Lope ( USNM) ; Santa Cruz: 40 km NW [northwest of] Santa Cruz, Potrerillo de Guenda : 22.XI–12.XII.2005, B.K. Dozier ( FSCA) ; 1♀, 09–28.XI.2006, B.K. Dozier ( FSCA) ; 1♀, 16–22.X.2006, Wappes, Nearns, Eya ( FSCA) ; Santa Cruz [de la Sierra]: 500m [above sea level], 1♀, 01.XII.1955, Zischko ( MNCN) ; 2♀, V.1955, Zischke ( AMNH) ; 1♀, J. Steinbach ( MCZC) ; 1♀, 13.III.1954 ( MNRJ) ; Chiquitos, Santiago , 1♀, XII.1959 ( MIUP) ; 5 km W Santa Cruz , 1♀, 9.IV.1989, A. Ibañez ( MIUP) ; 6 km N [north of] Pedro Lorenzo , 1♀, 02.III.1999, L.A. Stange ( FSCA) ; Saavedra , 1♀, 12–16.III.1986, C.J. Pruett ( FSCA) ; Buena Vista , 2♀, 1928, J. Steinbach ( CUIC) ; Beni, Reyes , 1♀, X.1921, W.M. Mann ( USNM) ; PARA- GUAY: 1♂ ( MNHN) ; Pto. [Puerto] Pablo , 4♂, XI–XII.1936 ( RBINS) ; Distrito Capital: Asunción : 1♀, Schrottky ( MNHN) ; 1♂, 1891 ( MNHN) ; Chaco, Teniente Enciso , 1♀, 02.XI.2001, G. Arriagada ( EMUS) ; Alto Paraguay, Bahia Negra Peichiuta , 1♀, 18–24.VI.1988, V.D. & B. Roth ( CASC) ; [Guairá], San Bernardino , 1♀, K. Fiebrig S.V. ( ZMB) ; Guairá, Villarica , 1♀, III.1923 ( ZMB) ; Caaguazu, Caaguazu , 1♂, XI.1977, Fritz ( AMNH) . ARGEN- TINA: Geraldina , 2♀, 10.II.1937 ( UMSP) ; Cordoba, Dolores, ca. [circa] La Cumbre , 1♀, 14.III–07.IV.1996, C. Porter ( FSCA) ; Alta Gracia , 1♀, III.1921 ( AMNH) ; Freyre , 2♀, IV.1992, Williner ( AMNH) ; Chaco, Las Brenas , 1♀, 16.IV.1944, P.A. Berry ( CISC) ; Formosa, Gran Guardia , 1♀, J. Foerster ( LACM) ; Mendoza, Mendoza , 1♀, 04.I.1908, Jorgensen ( ZMUC) ; Salta, La Viña , 1♀, II.1993, M.A. Fritz ( AMNH) ; Santa Fé, Josefina , 1♀, IV.1993, Williner ( AMNH) .

Remarks. Strangely, no conspicuous color variations were observed for either sex of T. tristis , even though this widespread species overlaps with differently colored communities of mutillids in the various parts of its distribution. As with the sex association of T. spectabilis mentioned above, females of T. tristis and males of both T. foveiventris and T. caxara could only be associated through a process of elimination after males and females co-occurring with these species were paired off. As mentioned previously, males of T. tristis can be confused with those of T. vidua and T. spectabilis , from which they are separated based predominantly on the shape of the axillar projection and genitalia characters.

Figures

FIGURES 28A–C. Traumatomutilla tristis (Klug, 1821), holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels.

FIGURES 29A–K. A–C, G–K. Traumatomutilla foveiventris (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Dorsal habitus; C. Type labels; G. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; H. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; I. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; J. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; K. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view; D–F. T. caxara (Cresson, 1902), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; D. Lateral habitus; E. Dorsal habitus; F. Type labels.