Traumatomutilla indica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A. & Oliveira, Marcio L., 2022, Revision of the Traumatomutilla indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), Zootaxa 5108 (1), pp. 1-97 : 7-12

Traumatomutilla indica species-group

Diagnosis. FEMALES. Females of this species-group can be defined by the following combination of characters: dorsum of mesosoma and sometimes propodeum with a medial longitudinal carina; scutellar scale usually broad and laterally connected to complete anterolateral carinae; mesonotum laterally constricted anterior to propodeal spiracles with lateral margins often medially and roundly expanded. The following characters are not exclusive to this species-group but can also be used to define it: head unarmed posterolaterally; meso and metafemora rounded apically; T2 with conspicuous integumental spots; gena carinate; pygidial plate pyriform to subpyriform, often transversely sculptured. MALES. Males of this species-group can be defined by the following combination of characters: mesopleuron usually tuberculate on dorsal half (sometimes simply swollen); axillar projections usually acute apically (sometimes truncate); hypopygium elongate, subrectangular, usually defined by lateral carinae. The following characters are not present in all members of this species-group but can be used to define most of its species: S2 with conspicuous anteromedial or posteromedial pit filled with setae; scutellum with longitudinal medial carina; S1 with spiniform projection medially; cuspis slender elongate and predominantly asetose; penis valve with posterior margin projecting outward into shelf-like structure.

Included taxa (19 species). Traumatomutilla aemulata ( Cresson, 1902) ; T. borba ( Cresson, 1902) ; T. centralis ( Burmeister, 1875) ; T. contempta André, 1908a ; T. geographica ( Gerstaecker, 1874) ; T. vidua ( Klug, 1821) ; T. grossa ( Gerstaecker, 1874) ; T. guayaca Casal, 1969 ; T. indica ( Linnaeus, 1758) ; T. ingens André, 1903 ; T. mundula ( Cresson, 1902) ; T. parallela ( Klug, 1821) ; T. puella ( Gerstaecker, 1874) ; T. spectabilis ( Gerstaecker, 1874) ; T. tristis ( Klug, 1821) ; T. unimarginata ( Cresson, 1902) ; T. selligera ( Gerstaecker, 1874) ; T. protuberans ( Gerstaecker, 1874) ; T. impetuosa ( Smith, 1879) , comb. nov.

Distribution. Widely distributed throughout South America and Trinidad (except Chile).

Remarks. The Traumatomutilla indica species-group is one of the most diverse in the genus with various easily recognizable species and many useful structural characters; it is also perhaps the most common species-group of Traumatomutilla encountered in collections (KAW, PRB pers. obs.). Similar to what was observed with the T. gemella males ( Bartholomay et al. 2021), most species within the T. indica species-group are remarkably homogeneous in genitalic characters, even when dealing with species that are obviously different in external morphology. Except for three species, all males have a slender, elongate and mostly asetose cuspis with minor differences in the shape of the parameres, paracuspis and/or penis valve. Body size is highly variable within this species-group that includes large-bodied species, such as T. aemulata (all known females longer than 20 mm, Fig. 1A, 1C ) occurring in the same area as small species like T. puella (most females shorter than 8 mm, Fig. 22A–F ). The only character that seems to be present in a consistent way for all males of the T. indica species-group is the elongate and subrectangular hypopygium that is usually defined by lateral carinae. The most variable diagnostic characters are the scutellum and axillar projections. For females, the most consistent character is the presence of a medial longitudinal carina on the mesonotum that can be greatly reduced, even indistinct in some species, but still observable by removing the dorsal mesosomal setae in the area. Similar to what was observed in the males, the scutellar area is highly variable with the scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae varying from virtually absent to well-defined and easily observable even under the dense mesosomal setae.

Key to the species o Traumatomutilla indica species-group

FEMALES

Key to species based on structural features

1 Mesonotum usually conspicuously wider than distance between pronotal spiracles ( Figs 26A , 32A, 32C, 32E, 32G ), if mesonotum as wide as distance between pronotal spiracles, then scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae greatly reduced, irregular, nearly indistinct; lateral face of propodeum densely sculptured throughout, at most slightly sparser posteroventrally....... 2

- Mesonotum usually as wide as or narrower than distance between pronotal spiracles ( Figs 17A , 18A ); scutellar scale variable, if mesonotum wider than distance between pronotal spiracle, then lateral face of propodeum sparsely sculptured with large areas of smooth shinning integument.......................................................................... 3

2 (1). Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae well-defined; head setae black ( Figs 32A–H ).............. T. vidua ( Klug, 1821)

- Scutellar scale present, highly variable, frequently reduced, anterolateral carinae usually absent, at most indistinct; head usually with a transverse band of silvery-white setae ( Figs 26A–E )......................... T. spectabilis ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

3 (1). Lateral face of propodeum with dense sculpture throughout (e.g., Figs 19D, 19F, 19H ); if with apparent unsculptured areas, then these are small, usually not larger than surrounding sculptured areas (e.g., Fig. 30C )............................ 4

- Lateral face of propodeum with sparse sculpture having conspicuous unsculptured smooth and shinning areas (e.g., Fig. 24B ) ................................................................................................... 9

4 (3). Meso- and metatibial spurs black, concolorous with legs; mesosoma with coppery-golden setal stripes ( Figs 30A, 30C ).............................................................................. T. unimarginata ( Cresson, 1902)

- Meso- and metatibial spurs white, contrasting with legs; mesosoma with silvery-white setal pattern (e.g., Figs 10A, 10D )... 5

5 (4). Sculpture of lateral face of propodeum dense throughout, intervals indistinctly rugose, dull; propodeum elongate, sloping in lateral view, dorsal face apparently longer than posterior face ( Figs 18A, 18C , 19A –H ); longitudinal medial carina on dorsal face of propodeum always conspicuous and prominent, clearly visible between dense setation..... T. parallela ( Klug, 1821)

- Sculpture of lateral face of propodeum variably dense with intervals smooth, shinning ( Fig. 15B ); propodeum variable, gibbose to simply convex (e.g., Fig. 15B ); longitudinal medial carina on dorsal face of propodeum variable.................... 6

6 (5). Dorsal face of propodeum conspicuously shorter than posterior face, which is nearly vertical in lateral view; robust species restricted to southern South America ( Figs 15A–B )......................................... T. ingens André, 1903

- Dorsal face of propodeum as long as or longer than posterior face, which is inclined and curved in lateral view (e.g., Fig. 6B ); size and distribution variable............................................................................ 7

7 (6). Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae well-defined, connected laterally; sculpture of mesonotum evenly areolate-punctate throughout, with sharp intervals; medial longitudinal carina on dorsal face of propodeum absent ( Figs 13A, 13C )........................................................................................ T. indica ( Linnaeus, 1758)

- Scutellar scale and anterolateral carinae greatly reduced, indistinct, irregular, usually observable only after removing setae (e.g., Fig. 6A ); sculpture of mesonotum simply punctate mediad adjacent to longitudinal carina, intervals smooth, blunt; medial longitudinal carina on dorsal face of propodeum present, frequently concealed by dense setae......................... 8

8 (7). Head with transverse stripe of dense silvery-golden setae; T2 with four integumental linear yellow spots; anterior pair longitudinal and posterior pair transverse; posterior pair separated by one fourth the transverse width of one spot (known only from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso state, Brazil) ( Figs 1A, 1C )........................ T. aemulata ( Cresson, 1902)

- Head setae completely black; T2 with four subrounded to subquadrate integumental reddish to orange spots; posterior pair separated by no more than half the transverse width of one spot (known from Chaco areas in Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay) ( Figs 6A–E )............................................................ T. contempta André, 1908a

9 (3). Longitudinal carina of mesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum well-defined, connected or nearly so at scutellar area.... 10

- Longitudinal carina of mesonotum and/or dorsal face of propodeum generally inconspicuous, always broadly separated near scutellar area........................................................................................ 12

10 (9). Meso- and metatibial spurs black, concolorous with legs; sculpture of lateral face of propodeum with smooth shinning sculpture; anterior pair of integumental spots on T2 well-defined and posterior pair completely merged thus forming a single transverse yellow integumental stripe ( Figs 7A–E )................................... T. geographica ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

- Meso- and metatibial spurs yellowish-white contrasting with legs; sculpture of lateral face of propodeum frequently with indistinct rugosities, somewhat dull; if meso- and metatibial spurs color uncertain, then posterior pair of integumental spots on T2 widely separated by more than transverse length of one spot, transversely oblique................................. 11

11 (10)...... T2 with well-defined anterior and posterior pair of yellowish to orange integumental spots; anterior pair longitudinally sublinear; posterior pair transverse subrectangular to transversely oblique subelliptical ( Figs 22A –F )................................................................................................ T. puella ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

- T2 with anterior pair of integumental spots absent, at most reduced to a slightly lighter area of integument on base of T2 with sparse silvery-white setae (visible at higher magnification); posterior pair confluent medially, thus forming a single uninterrupted transverse yellow stripe ( Figs 17A, 17C )....................................... T. mundula ( Cresson, 1902)

12 (9). Meso- and metatibial spurs black, concolorous with legs ( Figs 4A–B, 4D–F ).............. T. centralis ( Burmeister, 1875)

- Meso- and metatibial spurs yellowish-white to silvery-white, contrasting with legs (e.g., Fig. 32B ).................... 13

13 (12).Dorsal face of propodeum conspicuously shorter than posterior face; posterior propodeal face almost vertical, well differentiated from dorsal face; restricted to southern South America (Pampas and southern Atlantic Forest) ( Figs 8A–B, 8D–E ).................................................................................. T. grossa ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

- Dorsal face of propodeum as long as or longer than posterior face (e.g., Fig. 3B ); posterior propodeal face variable, poorly differentiated from dorsal face at times; widely distributed across South America.................................... 14

14 (13).Scutellar scale well-defined as an arched sulcus extending to propodeal spiracles laterally; mesonotal sculpture equally areolate-punctate throughout; T2 conspicuously longer than wide in dorsal view ( Figs 3A–B )........ T. borba ( Cresson, 1902)

- Scutellar scale poorly defined or if well-defined, then not reaching propodeal spiracles, at most laterally connected to anterolateral carinae; mesonotal sculpture areolate-punctate to simply punctate mediad in areas adjacent to medial longitudinal carina; T2 virtually as long as wide in dorsal view................................................................ 15

15 (14) Lateral face of pronotum with conspicuous sharp tubercle anteroventral in relation to pronotal spiracle, clearly visible from above; pronotal collar densely, coarsely and transversely rugose throughout; anterolateral carinae on scutellar area well-defined, virtually straight ( Figs 24–B ).............................................. T. selligera (Gerstaekcer, 1874)

- Lateral face of pronotum at most with blunt inconspicuous swelling anteroventral in relation to pronotal spiracle, barely discernible in dorsal view; pronotal collar smooth and shining on posterior half; anterolateral carinae on scutellar area inconspicuous to indistinct, mostly concealed by dense setation, evenly arched throughout if present........................... 16

16 (15). Anterolateral corners of pronotum acutely projected in dorsal view, angulate; pronotal collar shorter than anterior face of pronotum ( Figs 10A–B, 10D–E ); frons or vertex with distinct band or patch of dense whitish setae..... T. guayaca Casal, 1969

- Anterolateral corners of pronotum rounded to subangulate in dorsal view, not acute; pronotal collar longer than or as long as anterior face of pronotum ( Figs 28A–B ); head with uniform black setae................... T. tristis ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

Key to known color forms based on females

1. Tibial spurs black (e.g. Figs 4F , 5A , 7D–E )................................................................. 2

- Tibial spurs white or yellowish with dark brown apices (e.g. Figs 10A, 10D , 12A , 17A )............................. 7

2 (1). Spots of T2 orange or red, posterior spots sub-circular or obliterated ( Figs 4D–F )................................... 3

- Spots of T2 yellow, posterior spots linear or forming transverse oblique ovals ( Figs 7A–B, 7D–E , 22C–D , 30A, 30C )...... 4

3 (2). Posterior spots of T2 sub-triangular or nearly obliterated ( Fig 4F )............... T. centralis , in part [nominotypical form]

- Posterior spots of T2 circular ( Figs 4D–E )................. T. centralis , in part [formerly known as T. centralis boliviana ]

4 (3). Spots of T2 small, posterior spots oblique, widely separated ( Figs 22C–D ).......................................................................................... T. puella , in part [formerly known as T. manca ( Cresson, 1902) ]

- Spots of T2 larger, posterior spots linear, confluent or nearly connected ( Figs 7A–D, 7D–E , 30A, 30C )................. 5

5 (4). Mesosomal stripes dark reddish-golden ( Figs 30A, 30C )........................ T. unimarginata [nominotypical form]

- Mesosomal stripes silvery-white......................................................................... 6

6 (5). Posterior spots of T2 unified to continuous band ( Figs 7D–E )................................................................................................. T. geographica , in part [formerly known as T. seabrai Casal, 1969 ]

- Posterior spots of T2 separated ( Figs 7A–B )............................. T. geographica , in part [nominotypical form]

7 (1). Mesosomal stripes divided, forming four white to silver spots ( Figs 8A–B, 8D–E , 24A–B , 32C–D, 32G–H )............. 8

- Mesosomal stripes continuous.......................................................................... 12

8 (7). Front and vertex clothed entirely with black setae ( Figs 32C–D, 32G–H )......................................... 9

- Vertex having transverse band of white setae............................................................... 10

9 (8). Spots of T2 yellow ( Figs 32G–H )................. T. vidua , in part [formerly known as T. graphica ( Gerstaecker, 1874) ]

- Spots of T2 orange or red ( Figs 32C–D )........ T. vidua , in part [formerly known as T. scripta scripta ( Gerstaecker, 1874) ]

10 (8). Spots of T2 yellow; northwestern Amazon region ( Figs 24A–B )......... T. selligera , in part [previously unrecognized form]

- Spots of T2 orange or red; southeastern South America ( Figs 8A–B, 8D–E )...................................... 11

11 (10). Mesosoma and T2 slender, each longer than wide ( Figs 8D–E )............................................................................................... T. grossa , in part [formerly known as T. abrupta ( Gerstaecker, 1874) ]

- Mesosoma and T2 robust, as wide as long ( Figs 8A–B )......................... T. grossa , in part [nominotypical form]

12 (7). Vertex, and/or frons, with white setae patch, longitudinal lines, or transverse band (e.g. Figs 10A, 10D , 22A )........... 13

- Frons and vertex clothed entirely with black setae, at most having weak medial spot of white setae on vertex............ 23

13 (12). Frons clothed with silver or white setae ( Figs 10D–E , 22A–B, 22E–F ).......................................... 14

- Frons black, vertex having transverse band of white setae (e.g. Figs 1A, 1C , 24A–B )............................... 16

14 (13). Mesosomal stripes slightly widened and divergent anteriorly, terminating on mesonotum ( Figs 10D–E )................................................................. T. guayaca , in part [formerly known as T. tayguaya Casal, 1969 ]

- Mesosomal stripes parallel, evenly wide, extending beyond pronotal spiracle ( Figs 22A–B, 22E–F )................... 15

15 (14). T2 spots yellow ( Figs 22A–B )............................................ T. puella , in part [nominotypical form]

- T2 spots orange to red ( Figs 22E–F )..................... T. puella , in part [formerly known as T. peperina Casal, 1969 ]

16 (13).Mesosomal stripes extending anterior to pronotal spiracle; vertex having oblique white stripes ( Figs 1A, 1C )...................................................................................... T. aemulata [nominotypical form]

- Mesosomal stripes terminating on mesonotum, posterior to pronotal spiracle; vertex having complete transverse band ( Figs 24A–B , 26A–B, 26D–E , 19E–F )........................................................................ 17

17 (16). Mesosomal stripes with inner margins parallel, apically widened and reaching lateral margin of mesonotum ( Figs 24A–B )............................................................. T. selligera , in part [previously unrecognized form]

- Mesosomal stripes not apically widened, either parallel or divergent, lateral margin of mesonotum usually clothed with black setae ( Figs 26A–B, 26D–E , 19E–F )...................................................................... 18

18 (17). Spots of T2 orange or red ( Figs 26A–B, 26D–E )........................................................... 19

- Spots of T2 yellow ( Figs 10A–B , 13A, 13C , 19E–F )........................................................ 20

19 (18). Vertex with thick distinct white setal band ( Figs 26A–B )..................... T. spectabilis , in part [nominotypical form]

- Vertex with sparse faint white setal band ( Figs 26D–E )...................................................................................................... T. spectabilis , in part [formerly T. spectabilis chingona Casal, 1969 ]

20 (18).Spots of T2 small, apical spots separated by greater than spot diameter ( Figs 19E–F )............................... 21

- Apical spots of T2 transversely elongate, separated by less than spot diameter ( Figs 10A–B , 13A, 13C )................ 22

21 (20).Mesonotum wider than pronotum, lateral mesonotal margins separated by greater distance than lateral pronotal spiracle margins; Cerrado region......................................... T. spectabilis , in part [previously unrecognized form]

- Pronotum wider than mesonotum, lateral mesonotal margins separated by lesser distance than width at pronotal spiracle; Western Amazon region ( Figs 19E–F )......................... T. parallela , in part [formerly T. indicoides Mickel, 1952 ] 22

22 (20) Lateral face of propodeum with sparse sculpture having conspicuous unsculptured smooth and shinning areas (e.g., Fig. 24B ); propodeum with dorsomedial longitudinal carina ( Figs 10A–B )................. T. guayaca , in part [nominotypical form]

- Lateral face of propodeum with dense sculpture throughout (e.g., Figs 19D, 19F, 19H ); propodeum lacking dorsal longitudinal carina ( Figs 13A, 13C )......................................................... T. indica [nominotypical form]

23 (12). Spots of T2 yellow (e.g. Figs 3A–B , 19A–D ).............................................................. 24

- Spots of T2 orange or red (e.g. Figs 6A, 6D , 15A–B )........................................................ 29

24 (23).Mesosomal stripes terminating on mesonotum, not extending beyond pronotal spiracle ( Figs 18A, 18C ).................................................................................... T. parallela , in part [nominotypical form]

- Mesosomal stripes extending anterior to pronotal spiracle (e.g. Figs 3A–B , 19A–D, 19G–H )......................... 25

25 (24).Posterior spots of T2 confluent, forming a single transverse line ( Figs 17A, 17C , 19A–B )........................... 26

- Posterior spots of T2 widely separated (e.g. Figs 19C–D, 19G–H ).............................................. 27

26 (25). T2 with well-developed anterior spots ( Figs 19A–B ).... T. parallela , in part [formerly known as T. lineifera ( André, 1903) ]

- T2 lacking anterior spots ( Figs 17A, 17C )........................................ T. mundula [nominotypical form]

27 (25). Lateral face of propodeum with dense sculpture throughout ( Figs 19C–D, 19G–H ) T. parallela , in part [formerly known as T. gausapata Mickel, 1952 and T. pillinata Casal, 1969 ]

- Lateral face of propodeum with sparse sculpture having conspicuous unsculptured smooth and shinning areas ( Figs 3A–B , 22A–B )............................................................................................ 28

28 (27).Scutellar scale well-defined, arcuate, reaching propodeal spiracle laterally; posterior spots of T2 much larger than anterior spots, transverse ( Figs 3A–B )..................................................... T. borba [nominotypical form]

- Scutellar scale indistinct, basically obliterated; posterior spots of T2 small, subequal to anterior spots, oblique ( Figs 22A–B ).................................................. T. puella , in part [formerly known as T. manca ( Cresson, 1902) ]

29 (24).Mesosomal pleurae entirely with black setae ( Figs 6D–E )................................................................................................... T. contempta , in part [previously known as T. alhuampa Casal, 1969 ]

- Mesosomal pleurae with distinct patch of white setae above mesocoxa (e.g. Figs 6A–B )............................ 30

30 (29).Mesosomal stripes short, not reaching anterior margin of propodeum; T2 posterior spots large quadrate, with few scattered small punctures; scutellar scale and anterior transverse carina large, distinct; mesonotum wider than pronotum, lateral mesonotal margins separated by greater distance than width at pronotal spiracles ( Figs 32E–F )........................................................................... T. vidua , in part [previously known as T. scripta borrosa Casal, 1969 ]

- Mesosomal stripes usually extending at least to anterior margin of propodeum; T2 posterior spots variable in size and shape, usually with larger denser punctures; scutellar scale and anterior transverse carina usually less distinct; pronotum wider than mesonotum, lateral mesonotal margins separated by lesser distance than width at pronotal spiracle ( Figs 6A–B , 28A–B , 15A– B )................................................................................................ 31

31 (29). Dorsal face of propodeum conspicuously shorter than posterior face, which is nearly vertical in lateral view ( Figs 15A–B )............................................................................. T. ingens [nominotypical form]

- Dorsal face of propodeum as long as or longer than posterior face, which is inclined and curved in lateral view ( Figs 6A–B , 28A–B )............................................................................................ 32

32 (31).Posterior spots of T2 sub-circular, only slightly larger than anterior spots ( Figs 28A–B )....... T. tristis [nominotypical form]

- Posterior spots of T2 sub-quadrate, at least twice as large as anterior spots ( Figs 6A–B ).. T. contempta , in part [nominotypical form]

MALES

1. Cuspis club-like, broad, apical half laterally compressed, with outer surface concave and densely setose (e.g., Figs 16B–E ). 2

- Cuspis slender, thin, not conspicuously compressed or concave at any point, with sparse setae throughout (e.g., Figs 12C–F ) 4

2 (1). Mesopleuron simply swollen on dorsal half ( Fig. 9A ).................................. T. grossa ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

- Mesopleuron with distinct blunt tubercle on dorsal half (e.g., Fig. 27B )........................................... 3

3 (2). Scutellum gibbose, with dorsal face apparently much shorter than vertical posterior face; T2 with lateral subrounded patches of silvery-white setae basally ( Fig. 16A ); cuspis club-like, conspicuously broader posterad in lateral view ( Fig. 16D )........................................................................................... T. ingens André, 1903

- Scutellum roundly convex, dorsal and posterior faces less distinct, dorsal face as long as posterior face; T2 with lateral longitudinal stripes of silvery-white setae basally ( Fig. 2A ); cuspis slenderer, only slightly broader posterad ( Fig. 2E )........................................................................................ T. aemulata ( Cresson, 1902)

4 (1). Meso and metatibial spurs black to brownish, concolorous with legs and/or strongly contrasting with silvery-white setae markings of metasoma (e.g., Fig. 5A )......................................................................... 5

- Meso and metatibial spurs silvery-white to yellowish-white, contrasting with legs and/or having similar color to silvery-white setae markings of metasoma (e.g., Fig. 12A )................................................................ 7

5 (4). Dorsal mesopleural tubercles well-defined, conspicuously projected, blunt; wings infuscated dark brown except at basal third, hyaline, strongly contrasting with remainder of wing; cuspis in lateral view ending in somewhat enlarged, subcapitate apex; apical/posterior margin of penis valve with well-defined shelf-like expansion towards outer surface, clearly visible in dorsal view ( Figs 5C–G )............................................................. T. centralis ( Burmeister, 1875)

- Dorsal mesopleural tubercles reduced, dorsal half of mesopleuron with inconspicuous blunt swelling; wings hyaline-brown throughout, at most slightly darkened at apical third; cuspis evenly wide throughout, at most slightly narrower apically; apical/posterior margin of penis valve without conspicuous shelf-like expansion (e.g., Figs 31C–G )...................... 6

6 (5). S2 with well-defined subovate anteromedial pit filled with black setae; axillar projection ending in roundly truncate apex in dorsal view; free length of cuspis 4.8 × that of digitus; fringe of T2–3 entirely clothed with silvery-golden setae (known only from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso state, Brazil) ( Fig. 31A ).................. T. unimarginata ( Cresson, 1902)

- S2 without pit, at most with anteromedial patch of dense silvery-white setae; axillar projections ending in sharply acute apex in dorsal view; free length of cuspis 4.2 × that of digitus; fringe of T2–3 clothed with silvery-white setae laterally and black setae medially (widespread) ( Figs 23D, 23F )............................................. T. puella ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

7 (4). Scutellum evenly convex, dorsal face indistinguishable from posterior face; if posterior face more or less defined, then never vertical, rather sloping or inclined........................................................................ 8

- Scutellum gibbose to globose, dorsal and posterior face usually very distinct; posterior face usually almost vertical........ 9

8 (7). S2 with well-defined slightly anteromedial subovate pit filled with silvery-white setae; pronotal dorsum densely foveolatepunctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures (requires removal of pronotal setae); pronotum clothed with black setae; fringe of T2–3 mostly clothed with black setae, silvery-white setae laterally ( Fig. 12A )................................................................................................... T. impetuosa ( Smith, 1879) , comb. nov.

- S2 at most with small patch of dense silvery-white setae anteromedially; pronotal dorsum sparsely foveolate-punctate with dense micropunctures (requires removal of pronotal setae); pronotum clothed with silvery-white setae; fringe of T2–3 entirely clothed with silvery-white setae ( Fig. 11A )............................................... T. guayaca Casal, 1969

9 (7). Axillar projections obliquely or transversely truncate apically in dorsal view..................................... 10

- Axillar projections acute apically in dorsal view............................................................ 12

10 (9). Scutellum with posterior face inclined, sloping slightly in lateral view; axillar projection obliquely truncate apically in dorsal view, conspicuously oblique in posterior view ( Figs 27A–B, 27D–E )................. T. spectabilis ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

- Scutellum with posterior face nearly vertical; axillar projection transversely truncate apically in dorsal view, transverse in posterior view; if apparently acute in dorsal view and oblique and posterior view, then narrowing apicad in dorsal view...... 11

11 (10). Axillar projection short, virtually equally wide throughout in dorsal view; apical width of projection as wide as distance from its inner margin to scutellum; penis valve with apical/posterior tooth as long as or longer than subapical/anterior tooth ( Figs 33A–G )............................................................................ T. vidua ( Klug, 1821)

- Axillar projection elongate, narrowing apicad; apical width of projection narrower than distance from its inner margin to scutellum; penis valve with apical/posterior tooth shorter than subapical/anterior tooth ( Figs 21A–G )............................................................................................... T. protuberans ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

12 (9). Dorsal face of scutellum ending in sharp, shelf-like, transverse carina........................................... 13

- Dorsal face of scutellum with longitudinal carina throughout.................................................. 14

13 (12). Transverse carina at posterior margin of dorsal face of scutellum bilobate; forewing light infuscated brown at apical third, hyaline brown at remainder of wing membrane; S2 with anteromedial pit filled with silvery-white setae; penis valve with conspicuous shelf-like outward projection at apical/posterior margin ( Figs 14A–G )............... T. indica ( Linnaeus, 1758)

- Transverse carina at posterior margin of dorsal face of scutellum straight; forewing infuscated brown except at hyaline brown basal third; S2 with posteromedial pit filled with silvery-white; penis valve without shelf-like outward projection at apical/posterior margin ( Figs 25A–G ).................................................... T. selligera ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

14 (12). Propodeum and pronotum usually densely clothed with silvery-white setae concealing integument, if pronotum clothed with black setae, then metasoma predominantly clothed with silvery-white setae; longitudinal medial carina of dorsal face of scutellum usually variable, wider apicad or equally wide throughout; S2 variable usually with anteromedial narrow longitudinal pit filled with setae; cuspis equally wide throughout; free length of cuspis 0.7 × free paramere length ( Figs 20A–G ).. T. parallela ( Klug, 1821) ..........................................................................................

- Pronotum always clothed with black setae; silvery-white setae of propodeum sparse, never obscuring integument; longitudinal medial carina of dorsal face of scutellum always equally wide throughout; S2 always with conspicuous anteromedial pit filled with dense silvery-white setae; cuspis conspicuously widened apicad in dorsal and lateral view; free length of cuspis 0.9 × free paramere length ( Figs 29A–K ).................................................... T. tristis ( Gerstaecker, 1874)

Figures

FIGURE 1A–C. Traumatomutilla aemulata (Cresson, 1902), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Type labels; C. Lateral habitus.

FIGURES 2A–G. Traumatomutilla caneta (Cresson, 1902), lectotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 3A–C. Traumatomutilla borba (Cresson, 1902), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels.

FIGURES 4A–F. A–C. Traumatomutilla centralis (Burmeister, 1875), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels; D–E. T. centralis boliviana Suárez, 1960, ♀, line 2 mm; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus; F. T. centralis, ♀, color variant.

FIGURES 5A–G. Traumatomutilla fissiventris André, 1907, lectotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 6A–F.A–C. Traumatomutilla contemptaAndré, 1908, holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels; D–F. T. alhuampa Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; D. Dorsal habitus; C. Lateral habitus; F. Type labels.

FIGURES 7A–F. A–C. Traumatomutilla geographica (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels; D–F. T. seabrai Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; D. Dorsal habitus; C. Lateral habitus; F. Type labels.

FIGURES 8A–F. A–C. Traumatomutilla grossa (Gerstaecker, 1874), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels; D–F. T. abrupta (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; D. Dorsal habitus; C. Lateral habitus; F. Type labels.

FIGURES 9A–G. Traumatomutilla characterea (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♂, dorsal habitus, line 2 mm; A. Lateral ha- bitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 10A–F. A–C. Traumatomutilla guayaca Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels; D–F. T. tayguaya Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; D. Dorsal habitus; C. Lateral habitus; F. Type labels.

FIGURES 11A–F. Traumatomutilla guayaca Casal, 1969, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; C. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; D. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; E. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; F. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 12A–G. Traumatomutilla impetuosa (Smith, 1879) comb. n., holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 13A–C. Traumatomutilla indica (Linnaeus, 1758), holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Type labels; C. Lateral habitus.

FIGURES 14A–G. Traumatomutilla sphegea (Fabricius, 1804), holotype, ♂, 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 15A–C. Traumatomutilla ingens (André, 1903), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels.

FIGURES 16A–F. Traumatomutilla ingens (André, 1903), ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; C. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; D. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; E. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; F. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 17A–C. Traumatomutilla mundula (Cresson, 1902), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Type labels; C. Lateral habitus.

FIGURES 18A–C. Traumatomutilla parallela (Klug, 1821), holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Type labels; C. Lateral habitus.

FIGURES 19A–J. A–B, T. Traumatomutilla lineifera (André, 1903), lectotype, ♀; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; T. type labels; C–D. T. gausapata Mickel, 1952, ♀; C. Dorsal habitus; D. Lateral habitus; E–F. T. indicoides Mickel, 1952, ♀; E. Dorsal habitus; F. Lateral habitus; G–H, J. T. pillinata Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀; G. Dorsal habitus; H. Lateral habitus; J. type labels. Lines 2 mm.

FIGURES 20A–G. Traumatomutilla almada (Cresson, 1902), holotype, ♂, 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Geni- talia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 21A–G. Traumatomutilla protuberans (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♂, 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 22A–I. A–B, G. Traumatomutilla puella (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♀; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; G. type labels; C–D, H. T. manca (Cresson, 1902), lectotype, ♀; C. Dorsal habitus; D. Lateral habitus; H. type labels; E–F, I. T. peperina Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀; E. Dorsal habitus; F. Lateral habitus; I. type labels. Lines 2 mm.

FIGURES 23A–K. A–C, G–K. Traumatomutilla viana (Cresson, 1902), lectotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Dorsal habitus; G. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; H. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; I. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; J. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; K. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view; D–F. T. musculus (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; D. Lateral habitus; E. Type labels; F. Dorsal habitus.

FIGURES 24A–B. Traumatomutilla selligera (Gerstaecker, 1874), ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus.

FIGURES 25A–G. Traumatomutilla selligera (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 26A–F. Traumatomutilla spectabilis (Gerstaecker, 1874), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels; D–F. T. s. chingona Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; D. Dorsal habitus; C. Lateral habitus; F. Type labels.

FIGURES 27A–K. A–C. Traumatomutilla melaleuca (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Dor- sal habitus; C. Type labels; D–F. T. tapera (Cresson, 1902) (= T. funesta (Gerstaecker, 1874)), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; D. Lateral habitus; E. Dorsal habitus; F. Type labels; G–K. T. melaleuca (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, male; G. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; H. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; I. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; J. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; K. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 28A–C. Traumatomutilla tristis (Klug, 1821), holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C. Type labels.

FIGURES 29A–K. A–C, G–K. Traumatomutilla foveiventris (Gerstaecker, 1874), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Dorsal habitus; C. Type labels; G. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; H. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; I. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; J. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; K. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view; D–F. T. caxara (Cresson, 1902), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; D. Lateral habitus; E. Dorsal habitus; F. Type labels.

FIGURES 30A–C. Traumatomutilla unimarginata (Cresson, 1902), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Type labels; C. Lateral habitus.

FIGURES 31A–G. Traumatomutilla cuiba (Cresson, 1902), holotype, ♂, line 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale), lateral/outer view.

FIGURES 32A–L. A–B, I. Traumatomutilla cachimba (Casal, 1969), holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; I. labels; C–D, J. T. scripta (Gerstaecker, 1874), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; C. Dorsal habitus; D. Lateral habitus; J. labels; E–F, K. T. s. borrosa Casal, 1969, holotype, ♀, line 2 mm; E. Dorsal habitus; F. Lateral habitus; K. labels; G–H, L. T. graphica (Gerstaecker, 1874), lectotype, ♀, line 2 mm; G. Dorsal habitus; H. Lateral habitus; L. labels.

FIGURES 33A–G. Traumatomutilla vidua (Klug, 1821), holotype, ♂, 2 mm; A. Lateral habitus; B. Type labels; C. Genitalia (halved), dorsal view; D. Genitalia (halved), ventral view; E. Genitalia (halved, penis valve removed), lateral/inner view; F. Cuspis (removed, not to scale), lateral/inner view; G. Penis valve (removed, not to scale).