Nephepeltia phryne ( Perty, 1833 )

Ellenrieder, Natalia Von, 2014, A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Nephepeltia (Odonata: Libellulidae), including description of a new species, synonymies, and a key to males, Zootaxa 3796 (1), pp. 121-146 : 135-140

Nephepeltia phryne ( Perty, 1833)

Figures 2 g; 3g; 8; 9f; 10h; 11f; 12; 13i; 14e–f; 16

Libellula phryne Perty, 1833: 116 , Pl. 25, fig. 3 (description based on ♂ syntype from Provincia Piauhiensi, with color plate of body, deposited in ZSM).

Dythemis apicalis Hagen, 1861: 317 (nomen nudum).

Nannophya semiaurea Hagen, 1861: 320 (nomen nudum).

Nephepeltia phryne — Kirby (1889: 259, 310; description of genus);— Calvert (1906: 230 –231, Pl. 9, figs. 31–33; in key, records from Guatemala, Panama, and Brazil, illustrations of S10, genital fossa, ventral thoracic spine, and wings);— Ris (1911: 394–395, fig. 242; in key, redescription, illustration of wings);— Geijskes (1932: 108; records from Trinidad and Tobago);— Santos (1950: 30–44, figs. 1–2, 5–6, 9–10, 19–26, 29–30, 33–34, 37–39; redescription, illustrations of ♂ ventral thoracic tubercle, anterior lamina, genital fossa, S10, and vesica, and of ♀ pronotum and S9–10);— Rácenis (1953: 134–135, records from Venezuela);— Geijskes (1971: 669; record from French Guiana);— Burmeister (1983: 270–272, figs. 2a,b; designation of lectotype, photographs and notes on lectotype and paralectotype and accompanying labels);— De Marmels (1990: 11–12, figs. 41–44; description of larva based on reared ♀);— De Marmels (1992: 67; record from Venezuela);— Boomsma & Dunkle (1996: 27; record from Belize).

Nephepeltia phryne phryne— Santos (1950: 36–40, figs. 1–2, 5–6, 9–10, 19, 22, 21, 24, 29–30, 33–34, 37, 39, 43; description based on specimens from Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rondônia States in Brazil and Paramaribo in Surinam; illustrations of ♂ ventral thoracic tubercle, anterior lamina, genital fossa, S10, and vesica, and of ♀ S9–10);— Costa et al. (2000: 16, records from São Paulo State, Brazil).

Nephepeltia phryne tupiensis Santos, 1950: 34 –35, figs. 5–6, 20, 23, 25–26, 38, 41 (description based on specimens from Espírito Santo, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo States in Brazil, holotype from Espírito Santo State, Riberão do Engano, Vale do Itaúna, ix 1944, Travassos & Santos leg., deposited in MNRJ; illustrations of ♂ ventral thoracic tubercle, anterior lamina, genital fossa, S10, and vesica spermalis, and of ♀ pronotum); Costa et al. (2000: 16, records from São Paulo State, Brazil). New synonymy.

Specimens examined. Total 438 ♂, 74 ♀: PARAGUAY, Guaira Dep.: 6 ♂, Arroyo Ovie and marsh, 11.5 km S Villarrica on road to Caazapa {25°52'7''S, 56°24'9''W, 130 m}, 2 xii 1973, O.S. Flint, Jr. leg. [FSCA]. BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz Dep., Prov. Ichilo: 1 ♀, Buena Vista (17°27'S, 63°40'W, 400 m), 25 ii 1999, L. Stange leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Río Palometillas, E of Buena Vista (361 m), 8 xi 1988, K.J. Tennessen leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, ponded tributary of stream 12 km E of Nuevo Horizonte (17°21'46''S, 64°2'7''W), 13 xi 1998, K.J. Tennessen leg. [FSCA]; Ñuflo de Chavez Prov.: 1 ♂, San Ramón, 4 km SW on Hwy 9, Río San Julián and adjacent vegetative ponds on northeast side of bridge (16°38'45''S, 62°30'29''W, 238 m), 12 viii 2003, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 3 ♂, San Ramón, 4.2 km E on road to San Luis Herman, large pond with vegetative border (16°37'3''S, 62°27'8''W, 200 m), 15 xi 1998, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; Velasco Prov.: 1 ♂, pond NW of El Carmen de la Ruiza, 14 km NW on hwy to Concepción, marsh and pond (16°02'10''S, 61°05'56''W, 345 m), 11 xi 1999, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, La Estrella, 24 km N on hwy to La Florida, Río San Martín (15°23'61''S, 61°29'77''W), 12 xi 1999, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♀, Laguna Guapomo, 10 xi 1999, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; Guarayos Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ascensión de Guarayos, 23.5 km north on Hwy 9, borrow pit pond and adjacent forest (15°49'36''S, 63°22'53''W, 200 m), 26 viii 2003, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; Cochabamba Dep., Chapare Prov.: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Lake Tunari, 23 km N of Cochabamba Hwy on hwy 10, small pond and roadside ditch (17°00'20''S, 65°26'31''W, 265 m), 18 xi 1999, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 km N of Shinahota, reedy pond (16°59'11''S, 65°13'57''W, 265 m), 22 xi 1999, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; Tiraque Prov.: 2 ♂, E of Río Zapata at km 297, pond (16°59'43''S, 65°19'53''W, 260 m, 22 xi 1999, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; Beni Dep., Cercado Prov.: 1 ♀, Trinidad, 10 km east on Hwy 9, farm pond (14°50'08''S, 64°47'37''W, 160 m), 20 viii 2003, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♀, 2 km N of Loma Suarez, forest (14°45'02''S 64°57'21''W), 21 viii 2003, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]. BRAZIL, Santa Catarina State: 2 ♂, Blumenau {26°56'S, 49°03'W, 150 m}, E.B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, same data but [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 22 i 1993, A.B.M. Machado & Baca leg. [RWG]; São Paulo State: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (in tandem), Ubatuba municipality, Parque Estadual da Serra do mar, Núcleo Picinguaba, Expedição Brejeira, EBJ 40-Marsh I (23°21'39"S, 44°50'03"W, 10 m), 26 iv 2013, A.L. Pimenta, A.P. Pinto, J.L. Nessimian, A.L.R. Silva & P.M. Souto leg. [DZRJ 2147, not examined]; 1 ♂, Jacareí Municipality, Fazenda Santana do Rio Abaixo (23°14'52''S, 46°59'58''W, 624 m), 20 x 2001, F.A.A. Lencioni leg. [RWG]; 1 ♂, same data but 26 xii 2002, F.A.A. Lencioni leg. [RWG]; Rio De Janeiro State: 1 ♂, Ilha de Marambaia, Praia da Armacão by boat (23°02'33''S, 43°57'06''W, 4 m), 3 xii 2000, RWG leg. [RWG]; 2 ♂, Angra dos Reis municipality, Perequê-Rio Água Branca, 24 v 2002, Laboratório de Entomologia leg. [DZRJ 1985–1986, not examined]; 1 ♂, Magé municipality, Citrolândia, Campo do Escoteiro Chefe Geraldo Hugo Nunes, borda de mata, poças em áreas abertas, 16 xii 2005, Laboratório de Entomologia-UFRJ leg. [DZRJ 1987, not examined]; Espírito Santo State: 1 ♂, Santa Teresa {19°55'S, 40°36'W, 708 m}, xii 1967, P. Elias leg. [RWG]; Minas Gerais State: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (emerged in laboratory), Marliéria municipality, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Lagoa Preta (19°40'26"S, 42°31'21"W, 254 m), 0 4 iii 2011, A.P. Pinto & J.G. Da Silva leg. [DZRJ 968–969, not examined]; Mato Grosso do Sul State: 1 ♀, Corumba {19°01'S, 57°39'W, 108 m}, 20 xii 1919, J.C. Bradley leg. [UMMZ]; Bahia State: 1 ♂, Lauro de Freitas Municipality, Condôminio Parque Encontro das Aguas, R. Penalva Summer House (12°51'47''S, 38°18'50''W, 23 m), 17 vi 2004, R. Penalva leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Mucuri municipality, Rio Mucuri, on portion above BR 101 near km 7, 25–27 i 1987, A.L. Carvalho & J.L. Nessimian leg. [DZRJ 1988, not examined]; Rondônia State: 5 ♂, 2 ♀, Governador Jorge Teixeira Municipality, Fazenda Rancho Grande, farm of Harald Schmitz and environs within about 15 km radius {10°31'48''S, 62°48'00''W, 165 m}, 16–24 iii 1989, S. W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but [RWG]; 2 ♂, same data but 2–11 xi 1989, RWG leg. [RWG]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Villa Murtinho {10°21'S, 65°19'W, 142 m}, 3 iv 1922, J.H. Williamson & J.W. Strohm leg. [UMMZ]; 4 ♂, 1 km N Cacaulândia on B-65, linea B-65, ponds near Fernandes trail (10°19'25''S, 62°54' 0''W, 164 m), 16 xi 1991, M. J. Westfall, Jr. leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 2 km N Cacaulândia on B-65, linea C-17, dry trail, 16 xi 1991, M.J. Westfall, Jr. leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Abunã {09°42'S, 65°23'W, 112 m}, 7–26 iii 1922, J.H. Williamson & J.W. Strohm leg. [UMMZ]; 13 ♂, 2 ♀, Porto Velho {08°46'S, 63°54'W, 86 m}, 26 i–26 iv 1922, J.H. Williamson & J.W. Strohm leg. [RWG]; Para State: 1 ♀, Jacareacanga {06°16'S, 57°39'W, 88 m}, vi 1970, F.R. Barbosa leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, Belterra, Tapajos River {02°38'S, 54°57'W, 106 m} ii 1957, A.B. Machado leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, Belém {01°27'S, 48°29'W}, 9 viii 1922, J.H.

Williamson & J.W. Strohm leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, C.J. Baker leg. [UMMZ]. PERU, Madre de Dios Dep.: 1 ♀, Hotel Amazonia, across from Atalaya, exposed pond, taken while ovipositing over open pond (12°52'13''S, 71°22'34''W, 414 m), 27 vi 1993, RWG leg. [RWG]; Loreto Dep.: 1 ♂, Leticia {07°00'S, 74°12'W, 171 m}, 29 vi 1920, H.S. Parish leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, same data but Tabano lake, lake with water lettuce (04°20'19''S, 73°15'38''W), 4 iii 2010 [TF]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but (04°20'35''S, 73°15'28''W), 14 viii 2009, TF [TF]; 1 ♂, Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Reserve, forest with stream (04°18'27''S, 73°14'03''W), 15 ii 2010, TF leg. [TF]; 14 ♂, Ampiyacu (given as Estirón, Río Ampiacu), indian clearing {03°51'55''S, 70°41'19''W, 90 m}, 30 xi–4 xii 1961, B. Malkin [UMMZ]; 3 ♂, Iquitos, Río Amazonas {03°51'S, 73°13'W, 100 m}, vi 1940, G.G. Klug leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♀, Iquitos, Lake Moronococha, 5 viii 1920, W.T.M. Forbes leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, San Juan, río Amazonas, near Iquitos {03°46'34''S, 73°16'53''W, 107 m}, 1 viii 1920, W.T.M. Forbes leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♀, Iquitos {03°46'S, 73°15'W, 106 m}, 31 vii 1920, W.T.M. Forbes leg. [UMMZ]; 4 ♂, same data but iii–viii 1940, G. Klug leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♀, Explorama Inn, 50 mi NE Iquitos on Amazon River (03°21'59''S, 72°47'56''W, 103 m), 17–21 vii 1992, G.E. Edwards & S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♀, same data but 12 viii 1992, S.W. Dunkle leg. [RWG]; 4 ♀, same data but [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 22 viii 1989, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 3 vii 1991, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, ExplorNapo Camp on Sucusari River nr junction Napo River, ca 100 mi NE Iquitos (03°16'33''S, 72°56'18''W, 97 m), 15 viii 1992, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, Shimigay Channel & Lake, 3 km E of Explorama Camp located at junction of Sucusari River and Napo River at Llachapa, 26 viii 1989, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]. ECUADOR, Napo Prov.: 1 ♀, Río Anzu {01°12'S, 77°50'W, 700 m}, 10 viii 1934, W. Clarke- MacIntyre leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, Río Chinchipino, 27.2 km E of Puerto Napo on Jatun Sacha road (01°04'24''S, 77°35 '12''W, 400 m), 22 vii 1996, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, road 3.2 km E of Tena, on Jatun Sacha Biological Station road, ponds and flowing marsh (01°03'S, 77°47'W, 450 m), 23 vii 1996, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 4 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but swamp and pond aprox. 0.5 km upstream of Río Sinde on Jatun Sacha Road, 5.3 km E Puerto Napo, 22 vii 1996, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, same data but 12 xi 1997, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 2nd stream E of Río Sinde, 23 vii 1996, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 3 ♂, same data but 13 vii 1996, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same data but pond along Río Sinde, 6 km E of Puerto Napo (520 m), 13 vii 1996, K.J. Tennessen leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same data but S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Primavera, forest trail from Río Napo to Laguna Taracoa {00°27'S, 76°47'W}, 27 vii 1977, D.R. Paulson & S. Hills leg. [DRP]; 2 ♀, same data but swamp on N side of Laguna Taracoa, 26 viii 1980, S. Dunkle leg. [CSCA]; 6 ♂, 2 ♀ (1 pair in copula), same data but [RWG]; 2 ♂, Río Pupuyacu {00°12'S, 77°50'W, 500 m}, 16–19 xi 1934, David B. Laddey leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, same data but 22 xi 1934, W. Clarke MacIntyre leg. [FSCA]; Orellana Prov.: 5 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but Biological Research Station and surrounding forest (00°40'17''S, 76°24'2''W, 220 m), 7–21 xi 2001, ACR leg. [ACR]; 3 ♂, Parque Nacional Yasuni, 2.1 km E of Yasuni Biological Research Station, pond and swamp, 15–16 xi 1997, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Scientific Research Station, Yasuni National Park, 2.3 km E Yasuni Road (00°38'S, 76°30'W, 180 m), 9 vi 1995, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, same data but stream 2.3 km E Yasuni Road, K.J. Tennessen leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, same data but forest pool, main road (00°39'3''S, 76°21'21''W, 200 m), 16 xi 1997, K.J. Tennessen leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♀, Limoncocha Ferry Crossing, south on Yasuni Road at marker 31, Borrow pit just south of Río Sabaletez (00°36'00''S, 76°28'12''W, 236 m), 17 vii 1996, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, marshes near Tributary of Río Payamino, on Road to Loreto, 1.7 km W of Coca road (00°28'12''S, 77°0'6''W, 260 m), 13 vi 1995, K.J. Tennessen leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, same data but pools & flowing shallow marsh, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, same data but sandy stream and marshes, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; Los Ríos Prov.: 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Río Palenque Biological Station, 47 km S Santo Domingo de los Colorados {00°39'36''S, 79°15'36''W, 151 m}, 8 x 1988, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; Sucumbíos Prov.: 1 ♂, La Selva, 100 km E Coca, Garzacocha (00°28'54''S, 76°22'24''W, 230 m), 12 x 1988, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Limoncocha {00°24'S, 76°36'W, 243 m}, 23 viii 1980, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 13 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but 2–14 xi 1980, M.J. Westfall, Jr. & D.G. Robinson leg. [FSCA]; 6 ♂, Lake Taracoa, an oxbow lake near Limoncocha, 26 viii 1980, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♀, 2 km N of Lago Agrio {00°06'N, 76°52'W, 396 m}, 27 viii 1975, A. Langley leg. [RWG]. VENEZUELA, Falcon State: 1 ♂, Tucacas {10°47'52''N, 68°19'03''W, 0 m}, 20 iii 1920, J.H. & E.B. Williamson & W.H. Ditzler leg. [UMMZ]; 3 ♂, Palma Sola {10°36'14''N, 68°32'44''W, 0 m}, 6–9 iii 1920, J.H. & E.B. Williamson & W.H. Ditzler leg. [UMMZ]; Aragua State: 2 ♂, Maracay, near Pozo Diablo {10°14'49''N, 67°35'45''W, 430 m}, 7 x 1980 [FSCA]; Carabobo State: 39 ♂, 11 ♀, Bejuma {10°10'39''N, 68°15'24''W, 873 m}, 13–24 ii 1920, J.H. & E.B. Williamson & W.H. Ditzler leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but 18 ii1920 [FSCA]; 3 ♂, Caserío Silva, a posada between Valencia & Bejuma, approx. 7 mi E of Bejuma {10°09'30''N, 68°10'59''W, 643 m), 22–23 ii 1920, J.H. & E.B. Williamson & W.H. Ditzler leg. [UMMZ]; Yaracuy State: 9 ♂, Nirgua {10°09'18''N, 68°33'47''W, 873 m}, 25–28 ii 1920, J.H. & E.B. Williamson & W.H. Ditzler leg. [UMMZ]; Táchira State: 5 ♂, La Fria {08°13'7''N, 72°14'55''W, 155 m}, 14 iv 1920, J.H. & E.B. Williamson & W.H. Ditzler leg. [UMMZ]. GUYANA, Demerara- Mahaica Region: 1 ♀, CEIBA Biological Station, at black light (06°30'46''N, 58°18'06''W, 9 m), 18 viii 2012, M. Sanchez leg. [RWG]; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, same data but old pineapple field, 19 viii 2012, M. Sanchez leg. [RWG]. FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂, Kaw Mountain, Amazone Nature Lodge (04°33'N, 52°12'W), 12 ii 2007, N. Jönsson leg. [RWG]; 3 ♀, Kaw Mountain, 60 mi S Cayenne, Relais de Patawa Hotel {04°31'N, 52°05'W, 290 m}, 10–13 x 1999, J. Smith leg. [ACR]. TRINIDAD, Couva-Tabalquite-Talparo Reg. Cor.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Grand Couvan {10°24'N, 61°22'W, 148 m}, 5 iii 1932, G. Belmontes leg. [UMMZ]; 3 ♂, Arima River at Churchill–Roosevelt Hwy., about 2.25 mi. SSE of Arima {10°35'17''N, 61°14'48''W, 35 m}, 5 iv 1980, J.A. & RWG leg. [RWG]; 1 ♂, same data but 12 i 1981, RWG leg. [RWG]; Río Claro-Mayaro Reg. Cor.: 1 ♂, 4.5 mi S of Río Claro, pond, 13 vi 1964, C.T. Collins leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, pond 7 mi S of Río Claro, 14 iv 1965, T.W. Donnelly leg. [FSCA]; 5 ♂, 8 mi S of Río Claro, 14 iv 1965, T.W. Donnelly leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Nariva pond between Río Claro & Navet, W side Cunapo Southern road, 3 v 1988, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; Sangre Grande Reg. Cor.: 1 ♂, swamp 3 km S of Valencia on Eastern Main road {10°37'26''N, 61°10'55''W, 42 m}, 2 v 1988, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, same but forest cut and stagnant pond, 7 iv 1980, J.A. & RWG leg. [RWG]; 1 ♂, same data but [FSCA]; 5 ♂, same data but 21 viii 1986, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, small stream E of Turure River on Valencia Rd Bridge B1–7, 29 iv 1988, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 3 ♂, forest, pond and roadside ditch, on Eastern Main road, 1.8 mi SE of Valencia, 23 vii 1975, K.W. Knopf leg. [RWG]; 1 ♂, Nariva Swamp {10°28'N, 61°03'W}, 4 ix 1964, C.T. Collins [FSCA]; 3 ♂, swamp just N of Sangre Grande, on Eastern Main road {10°34'N, 61°08'W, 44 m}, 13 i 1981, RWG leg. [RWG]; 15 ♂, Cumuto {10°35'N, 61°12'W, 57 m}, 8–10 iii 1912, Williamson, Williamson & Rainey leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, Aripo Savanna {10°36'N, 61°12'W, 35 m}, 14 ix 1964, C.T. Collins [FSCA]; 5 ♂, Manzanilla Ward, tributary Oropuche River, 7 mi E Valencia {10°38'49'' N, 61°06'45''W, 20 m}, 7 iv 1965, T.W. Donnelly leg. [FSCA]; Arima Reg. Cor.: 5 ♂, 1 ♀, Arima {10°38'N, 61°16'W, 67 m}, 4 iii 1912, L.A. & E. B. & B.J. Rainey leg. [UMMZ]; Tunapuna-Piarco Reg. Cor.: 13 ♂, Guanapo River, 4 mi SE of Arima {10°43'N, 61°17'W, 480 m}, 4 iv 1965, T. W. Donnelly leg. [FSCA]; Siparia Reg. Cor.: 1 ♂, Coromandel, B1/69, Southern Main Rd. (10°7'N, 61°48'W, 24 vi 1993), O.S. Flint, Jr. & N.E. Adams leg. [RWG]; Princes Town Reg. Cor.: 1 ♂, Edward Trace, pond 13 km E Basse Terre (10°07'N, 61°12'W), 27 vi 1993, O.S. Flint, Jr. & N.E. Adams leg. [RWG]; 1 ♂, same data but roadside pools 7 km E Basse Terre (10°07'N, 61°14'W), 27 vi 1993, O.S. Flint, Jr. & N.E. Adams leg. [CSCA]. COLOMBIA, Antioquia Department: 14 ♂, Puerto Berrio {06°30'N, 74°24'W, 69 m}, 13 i–8 ii 1917, J.H. & E.B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♀, Boca Murindo {06°59'26''N, 76°45'24''W, 21 m}, 10 ii 1918, M.A. Carriker [UMMZ]; ♂, Cristalina, pool in creek, in brushy pasture {06°29'N, 74°50'W, 320 m}, 14 ii 1917, J.H. & E.B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]; Magdalena Department: 9 ♂, 1 ♀, Fundación {10°31'17''N, 74°11'12''W, 45 m}, 12–13 i 1917, J.H. & E.B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]. PANAMA, Panamá Prov.: 5 ♂, Canal Zone, Pedro Miguel {09°01'09''N, 79°36'32''W, 24 m}, 10 viii 1970, Donnelly & Morton leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Canal Zone, Wards Nat. Sci. Estab. leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, Canal Zone, Summit {09°04'N, 79°39'W, 75 m}, 20 viii 1950, R.B. Cumming leg. [FSCA]; 5 ♂, same data but 22–25 xii 1950, R.B. Cumming leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Madden Forest {09°05'38''N, 79°37'08''W, 122 m}, 11 iv 1970, E.S. Morton & T.W. Donnelly leg. [FSCA]; 3 ♂, Río Sardanilla {09°07'10''N, 79°35'27''W, 145 m}, 5 xii 1916, E.B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]; 3 ♂, Barro Colorado Island {09°09'N, 79°51'W, 62 m}, 26 xii 1950, R.B. Cumming leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Río Mazamba, 6 xii 1916, E.B. Williamson & J.H. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]; 2 ♂, Río Mocambo, 6 xii 1916 [UMMZ]; Colón Prov.: 1 ♂, Chagres Valley, Madden Dam {09°12'36''N, 79°36'59''W, 66 m}, Ward's Nat. Sci. Estab. leg. [UMMZ]; 2 ♂, Portobelo Distr., 21.3 km E of Portobelo (09°36'N, 79°36'W, 20 m), 23 viii 2012, A.J. & J. Michalski leg. [FSCA]. COSTA RICA, Heredia: 3 ♂, Puerto Viejo, La Selva Biological Station {10°28'N, 84°01'W, 60 m}, 18 vii–26 viii 1988, C. Esquivel leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but [RWG]; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same data but swamps surrounded by primary forest, 23 ix 1988, C. Esquivel leg. [FSCA]; 9 ♂, Finca La Selva, 1.5 mi S Puerto Viejo, 12–13 viii 1967, D.R. & M.L. Paulson leg. [FSCA]; 7 ♂, same data but 18–23 ix 1966 [FSCA]; 6 ♂, same data but 1–2 vii 1966 [FSCA]; 16 ♂, same data but M.J. & D.N. Westfall leg. [FSCA]; 3 ♂, marshy streams 1 km NW of La Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo {10°28'N, 84°01'W, 60 m}, 1 iii 1987, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Pueblo Nuevo, NW of Chilamate, W of Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, 5 ix 1988, P. Eliazar leg. [FSCA]; Limón prov.: 2 ♂, swampy pond 1.2 km W of Río Parismina on road to Guapiles, small stream partly dammed by road {10°13'N, 83°47'W, 268 m}, 5 iii 1987, S.W. Dunkle leg. [RWG]; 2 ♂, same data but [FSCA]; 2 ♂, Guacimo {10°12'19''N, 83°43'18''W, 235 m}, 6–7 vi 1909, P.P. Calvert leg. [FSCA]; Puntarenas Prov.: 1 ♂, Coto Brus Canton, 7 km on road from Agua Buena to Ciudad Neily, church pond (08°42'18''N, 82°56'00''W, 1,040 m), 20 viii 2008, F.C. Sibley leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, vicinity of Rincón de Osa {08°42'N, 83°29'W, 270 m}, 4 iii 1970, D.R. Paulson leg. [RWG]; 4 ♂, same data but [FSCA]; 2 ♂, same data but 9–13 xi 1966 [FSCA]; 4 ♂, Los Cántaros, 2 mi S of San Vito (08°48'36''N, 82°57'36''W, 1,190 m), 29 iii 2011, F.C. Sibley leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, San Joaquín wetlands, 1.5 mi E of San Vito (08°49'30''N, 82°57'00''W, 990 m), 11 iv 2008, F.C. Sibley leg. [FSCA]; 13 ♂, 1 mi E of San Vito, pond at airport (08°49'36''N, 82°57'30''W, 1,000 m), 11 iv 2008, F.C. Sibley leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, about 7 km from Paso Real on San Vito road, La Chocuaco (08°57'54''N, 83°10'30''W, 310 m), 20 i 2005, F.C. Sibley leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, 6.6 km W Buenos Aires {09°10'58''N, 83°23'20''W, 400 m}, 7 viii 1973, F.G. Thompson leg. [FSCA]. NICARAGUA, Río San Juan Dep.: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Refugio Bartola, ca 5 km N of junction Río San Juan and Río Bartola, manmade ponds (10°58'12''N, 84°20'24''W, 30 m), 7–10 viii 2002, B. Mauffray leg. [FSCA]. HONDURAS, Atlantida Dep.: 2 ♂, Lancetilla Botanic Garden, 5 km SE Tela, mostly at Lily Pond (Laguna de la Ninfa) and feeder seepages {15°44'30''N, 87°27'25''W, 42 m}, 11 iii 1990, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; Colón Dep.: 1 ♂, Palo Mojado, near Saba, water in grass under oil palm {15°28'N, 86°15'W, 493 m}, 10 iii 1990, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]. GUATEMALA, Izabal Dep.: 2 ♂, Morales {15°29'N, 88°49'W, 40 m}, 27 v 1909, E. B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]; 7 ♂, Puerto Barrios {15°43'N, 88°36'W, 2 m}, 25–27 v 1909, E.B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, same data but 29 vi 1964, F.G. Thompson leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 24 ii 1905, C.C. Dean leg. [FSCA]. BELIZE, Cayo Dis.: 3 ♂, 14.3 mi SE of Belmopan on Hummingbird Hwy., varied habitats, pond and stream areas with clay or rock bottom {17°08'57''N, 88°42'34''W, 59 m}, 25 iii 1986, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; 2 ♂, same data but [RWG]; 1 ♂, same data but slough 15 mi SE of Belmopan 31 v 1993, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; Toledo Dis.: 1 ♂, Punta Gorda {16°06'10''N, 88°50'00''W, 18 m}, vii 1933, J.J. White leg. [UMMZ].

Justification of synonymy of Nephepeltia phryne tupiensis Santos, 1950 . Santos described the subspecies N. p. tupiensis based on his observations indicating that specimens from the ‘Tupi’ province of the Brazilian subregion along the Atlantic coast of Brazil ( Santos, 1950: map) differed from other specimens of N. phryne by their ventral thoracic tubercle being longer, wider at base, and with an acute apex, larger size, hyaline wings, and some other minor differences in the shape of anterior lamina cleft and male caudal appendages. Examination of numerous additional specimens from this area in Brazil and elsewhere in the Neotropical region revealed that the shape and size of the ventral thoracic tubercle ( Fig. 8 ) and other suggested characters are variable throughout the range of the species, and therefore can provide no evidence for the distinction of two subspecies, thus N. phryne tupiensis Santos, 1950 represents a junior subjective synonym of N. phryne ( Perty, 1833) .

Diagnosis. Males of Nephepeltia phryne can be distinguished from all congeners by the conical spine about twice as long as wide on thoracic venter ( Fig. 8 ; venter of thorax smoothly convex or with a tubercle about as long as wide or shorter in other species, Figs. 6–7 ). Spurs of inner row of male hind tibiae of about uniform placement and length ( Fig. 2 g) are shared with N. aequisetis , N. berlai , and N. flavipennis ( Figs. 2 a–b, e; closely set and peglike at medial 0.33 in N. leonardina and short and more closely set at basal 0.50–0.75 in N. flavifrons , Figs. 2 c–d, f). Male vesica spermalis is similar to that of N. leonardina , by its latero-ectal distal lobes in the shape of curved spines and the absence of a medio-ectal distal process ( Figs. 11 e–f; latero-ectal lobes triangular, rectangular or oval in other species; Figs. 11 a–d). Females of N. phryne can be recognized from those of N. leonardina by the radial planate consisting of three cells and the base of Fw discoidal planate with one cell ( Fig. 3 g; four or five and two respectively in N. leonardina , Fig. 3 f), and from those of N. aequisetis by the presence of two cells between Fw subtriangle and hind margin of wing ( Fig. 3 g; one cell in N. aequisetis , Fig. 3 a). The number of cells between Fw subtriangle and hind margin of wing is variable in N. berlai and N. flavifrons (one or two cells), and females of these species are indistinguishable morphologically from those of N. phryne .

Distribution. Nephepeltia phryne extends from Belize and Guatemala south to NE Argentina ( Donnelly et al., 1998), being the only species of the genus present in Trinidad ( Fig. 16 ). Adults are commonly found perching on marginal vegetation of ponds along streams and rivers, temporary pools and ponds, ditches, marshes, and swamps ( Figs. 14 e–f). The last stadium larva was described based on a reared female from Venezuela ( De Marmels, 1990).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Male hind tibiae, lateral view of inner surface.

FIGURE 3. Male wings. d. f.: base of discoidal field; r. p.: radial planate; sub.: cells between subtriangle and hind margin of wing.

FIGURE 6. Male thoracic venter, lateral view.

FIGURE 7. Male thoracic venter, lateral view, variability in N. flavifrons. [n – n]: number of cells under Fw subtriangle in left and right wings.

FIGURE 8. Male thoracic venter, lateral view, variability in N. phryne.

FIGURE 11. Male vesica spermalis, lateral (above) and ventral (below) view. l. e.: latero-ectal sclerotized distal process; m. e.: medio-ectal sclerotized distal process.

FIGURE 14. Habitus pictures of N. flavifrons and N. phryne showing variability in extension of pruinescence and pale markings on thorax and abdomen in males. (a) Male of N. flavifrons, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Reserva Ecologica de Guapi Açu, 24 x 2013; (b) Male and female of N. flavifrons in copula, same data but 14 x 2013; (c) Male of N. flavifrons, Costa Rica, Limón Prov., Tortuguero, 1 viii 2010; (d) Male of N. flavifrons, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Vecchi wetlands, 21 x 2013; (e) Male of N. phryne, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Reserva Ecologica Guapi Açu, 14 x 2013; (f) Male of N. phryne, Panama, Canal Area, Old Gamboa Road, Summit ponds, 26 viii 2012. (a – b, c – e), by Dennis Paulson; (c, f) by Netta Smith.

FIGURE 16. Distribution of Nephepeltia species.