Spiraserpula Regenhardt, 1961

Ten Hove, Harry A. & Kupriyanova, Elena K., 2009, Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta): The state of affairs, Zootaxa 2036, pp. 1-126 : 95-96

42. Spiraserpula Regenhardt, 1961

Type-species: Spiraserpula spiraserpula Regenhardt, 1961 (a fossil taxon)

Number of Recent species: 18

Tube variable in colour, from white to orange and mustard, or with pink lateral longitudinal stripes; opaque; circular to trapezoidal in cross-section, rarely with small peristomes. Rounded longitudinal keels may be present; hyaline granular overlay present. Tube with internal longitudinal keels or other structures ( Fig. 7E) and/or rows of teeth. Operculum soft, funnel shaped, formed of fused radii, endplate absent. Operculum absent in some species. Peduncle smooth, cylindrical, without wings; it is formed from the second dorsal radiole on one side. Pseudoperculum present. Radioles arranged in semi-circles, up to 8 per lobe. Interradiolar membrane present. Branchial eyes may be present. Stylodes absent. Mouth palps absent. 5–14 thoracic chaetigerous segments. Collar trilobed, tonguelets absent. Thoracic membranes ending in mid-thorax. Collar chaetae bayonet-shaped and limbate. Apomatus chaetae absent. Thoracic uncini saw-shaped, with up to 7 teeth above anterior pointed fang. Thoracic triangular depression present. Abdominal chaetae flat trumpetshaped with denticulate edge. Abdominal uncini similar to thoracic ones, smaller, anteriorly saw-shaped but becoming rasp-shaped towards the pygidium, with up to 8 teeth in profile, up to 7 teeth in a row. Achaetous anterior abdominal zone absent. Posterior capillary chaetae present. Posterior glandular pad absent.

Remarks. The genus Spiraserpula Regenhardt, 1961 was previously known only from fossils. Its species are closely related to the genus Serpula . Pillai & ten Hove (1994) referred to the genus Spiraserpula those Serpula species that lack an apron and possess sharp ridges and spines on the inner walls (“internal tube structures”, ITS, Fig. 7E) of their tubes.

1. Spiraserpula capeverdensis Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Sao Vicente, Cape Verde Islands, Central Atlantic

2. Spiraserpula caribensis Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean, Florida, Pacific Panama

3. Spiraserpula deltoides Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Sumba, Indonesia, Central Indo-West Pacific

4. Spiraserpula discifera Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 5. Spiraserpula iugoconvexa Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , North-East Flores Sea, Indonesia, Central Indo-West

Pacific 6. Spiraserpula karpatensis Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean 7. Spiraserpula lineatuba ( Straughan, 1967b) , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 8. Spiraserpula massiliensis ( Zibrowius, 1968a) , Marseille, France, Mediterranean, Eastern North Atlantic 9. Spiraserpula minuta ( Straughan, 1967b) , Port Douglas, Queensland, Australia, Indo-West Pacific 10. Spiraserpula nudicrista Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean 11. Spiraserpula paraypsilon Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Klein Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean 12. Spiraserpula plaiae Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean 13. Spiraserpula singularis Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Puerto Rico, Caribbean 14. Spiraserpula snellii Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Taka Bone Rate, Indonesia, Indo-West Pacific 15. Spiraserpula sumbensis Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Sumba, Indonesia, Central Indo-West Pacific 16. Spiraserpula vasseuri Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Europa Island, the French Southern and Antarctic Lands,

SW Indian Ocean 17. Spiraserpula ypsilon Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Brava, Cape Verde Islands, Central Atlantic, Caribbean,

Gulf of Mexico 18. Spiraserpula zibrowii Pillai & ten Hove, 1994 , Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean.