Adetomyrma goblin, Yoshimura, Masashi & Fisher, Brian L., 2012

Yoshimura, Masashi & Fisher, Brian L., 2012, A revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Adetomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae), Zootaxa 3341 (1), pp. 1-31 : 22-27

Adetomyrma goblin sp. nov.

( Figs 10 , 17 , 36 , 45 , 54 , 62 , 71 , 77, 78 , 83 , 86, 88, 90 , 93, 94 )

Holotype. Worker: CASENT0227981 , BLF14240 , MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa, Forêt de Vevembe , 66.6 km 293° Farafangana , 22° 47.46´S, 47° 10.91´E, 600 m alt., rainforest, transition to montane forest, ex rotten log, soil, 24.iv.2006, B.L. Fisher et al. leg. [ CASC]

Paratypes. 5 workers: CASENT0071148 [ BMNH], CASENT0227982 [ CASC], CASENT0227983 [ MCZC], CASENT0227984 [ MHNG], CASENT0227989 [ NHMB], 4 males: CASENT0191378 [ BMNH], CASENT0227985 [ CASC], CASENT0227986 [ MCZC], CASENT0227988 [ MHNG], with same data as holotype.

Worker. Description. Measurements: holotype. HL 0.58, HW 0.47, SL 0.39, HD 0.36, WL 0.77, PnW 0.33, MnW 0.19, PpW 0.27, PtW 0.27, CI 81.3, SI 83.2, MnI 40.9, PpI 141.1, PtI 100.7.

HL 0.46–0.6, HW 0.39–0.5, SL 0.28–0.39, HD 0.26–0.36, WL 0.39–0.83, PnW 0.26–0.35, MnW 0.16–0.21, PpW 0.22–0.3, PtW 0.21–0.3, CI 79.2–84.1, SI 68.2–81.9, MnI 42–46.8, PpI 124.4–142.3, PtI 91.4–107.8 (1 paratype and 9 individuals measured).

Head subquadrate in full-face view ( Fig 83 ), longer than wide, sides almost parallel, posterior margin slightly concave. Clypeus short, principal surface deflected ventrally. Anterior margin of clypeus somewhat flattened on mid portion, furnished with a row of about 18 small, specialized, conical setae. Frontal carinae in full-face view short and low, expanded laterally as small frontal lobes covering no more than about 2× the length of the antennal insertions. Mandible subfalcate, without distinct basal and masticatory margins ( Fig 83 ); inner margin with two apical teeth and four basal denticles; one small denticle on base of subapical tooth (second tooth from apex); out of four denticles, middle two denticles larger (longer) than the other two; third denticle from apical-most one largest; largest denticle sometimes divided into two adjacent denticles (observed in CASENT0127558, CASENT0438260). Palpal formula 3,3 (three maxillary and three labial). Antennal scape shorter than head length. Pedicel (second antennal segment) approximately equal to combined length of next three (third to fifth) antennal segments. Antenna gradually broadened from third segment and not forming a distinct club. Dorsal outline of mesosoma in lateral view somewhat rounded and continuous. Pronotum in dorsal view longer than broad, with convex sides. Mesonotum in dorsal view short, 2× as wide as long. Metapleuron fully fused with propodeum, division of two plates not distinguishable in lateral view. Dorsal face of propodeum slightly narrower than or as wide as pronotum, about 1.5× longer than wide, with subparallel sides converging slightly toward mesonotum ( Fig 78 ). Propodeum in lateral view, dorsal margin about 2× to 2.5× length of declivitous margin, and rounding gently into the latter. Propodeal spiracle small, located distantly from propodeal dorsal margin in lateral view ( Fig 77 ), not visible in dorsal view ( Fig 10 ). Subpetiolar process distinctly developed, shaped like an irregular axe blade. Shallow and sparse punctures covering head, mesosoma, and abdomen; those on head dorsum denser than on the other parts.

Clypeus with two groups of hairs: mid clypeal hairs directed dorsally, and anterior clypeal hairs deflected anteriorly. Mid clypeal hairs consisting of one long hair and one or two shorter hairs around the long one. With head in full-face view, anterior clypeal hairs consisting of one pair of long hairs and single shorter hair laterally.

Queen. Description. Measurements: HL 0.57–0.61, HW 0.48–0.53, SL 0.37–0.41, EL 0.14–0.16, WL 0.9–0.99, MnW 0.39–0.49, PpW 0.35–0.41, PtW 0.28–0.34, CI 81.8–88.1, SI 71.2–79.6, EI 23.5–26.2, MnI 80–93.3, PpI 81.9–90.6, PtI 77.9–84.1 (6 individuals measured).

Winged. Head distinctly longer than wide in full-face view, sides slightly convex, posterior margin concave. Eye large and well-developed ( Fig 90 ). Mid and lateral ocelli developed ( Fig 90 ). Clypeal principal surface not strongly deflected. Anterior margin of clypeus shallowly concave, and furnished with a row of about 17 small, specialized, conical setae. Frontal lobes closely approximated. Mandible subfalcate, without distinct basal and masticatory margins: inner margin with two apical teeth and four long and distinct basal denticles; one small denticle on base of subapical tooth (second tooth from apex); out of four, middle two denticles larger (longer) than the other two; and third denticle from apical-most one largest. Antennal scape longer than 0.5× of the combined length of pedicel and flagellum. First flagellomere wider than long. Distal antennal segments not forming distinct club. With mesosoma in lateral view ( Fig 86 ), its dorsum somewhat flattened; pronotum occupying whole anterior and about 0.25× of dorsal margins; mesonotum developed and occupying about 0.5× of mesosomal dorsal margin; metanotum developed and occupying small part of mesosomal dorsal margin; propodeum occupying remaining dorsal margin (less than 0.25×), and whole mesosomal posterior margin. With mesosoma in dorsal view, division between mesoscutum and mesoscutellum clear; axillae distinct; metanotum developed; and propodeum narrowed posteriorly ( Fig 88 ). Propodeal spiracle in lateral view located far from propodeal declivity: distance from declivity margin longer than diameter of spiracle. Petiole similar to that in conspecific worker. With metasoma in dorsal view, with no width difference between posterior portion of petiole and anterior part of abdominal segment III.

Clypeus with two groups of hairs: mid clypeal hairs directed dorsally, and anterior clypeal hairs deflected anteriorly. Mid clypeal hairs consisting of one long hair and one to several shorter hairs around the long one. With head in full-face view, anterior clypeal hairs consisting of one pair of long hairs and a single shorter hair laterally. Hairs on body surface similar to those in conspecific workers.

Male. Description. Measurements: HL 0.41–0.75, HW 0.49–0.75, SL 0.09–0.96, EL 0.23–0.32, WL 0.79–1.28, MnW 0.42–0.75, CI 118.6–145.9, SI 17.3–18.7, EI 32.7–61.1, MnI 85.1–100.7 (5 individuals measured).

Eye well developed and prominent ( Fig 54 ), posterior margin not exceeding posterior margin of mid ocellus in full-face view. Distance between lateral ocellus and eye long, 2× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus. Palpal formula 3,3 (three maxillary and three labial). Notaulus distinctly impressed on mesoscutum ( Fig 17 ). Parapsidal line clearly impressed. Anterior margin of petiole longer than dorsal margin in lateral view ( Fig 36 ). Subpetiolar process not developed or weakly developed, usually without hairs ventrally.

Left and right parameres not overlapping or narrowly overlapping on dorsal small part of basimere. No distinct projection or lobe present on posterodorsal portion of paramere. Basal ring not reduced: whole anterior margin of paramere in lateral view covered with this ring. Basal projection on cuspis clear but not extraordinarily well developed. Aedeagus in lateral view as in Figure 62 : basal to mid portion relatively narrow; ventral projection relatively narrow; distal portion slightly narrowed after ventral projection; serrate denticles present on posteroventral margin; apical margin relatively dull, and without a small, broadly triangular projection on its ventral portion; posteroventral margin of ventral projection concave.

Hair on compound eyes short, less than 0.25× diameter of mid ocellus. Mesofemur in dorsal view, its anterior face covered with short appressed or subdecumbent hairs. Ventral margin of eye not edged with darker pigment or punctures. Body color a uniform black to blackish brown ( Fig 36 ).

Etymology. This species name refers to the goblin-like features of the new species: the males are small and black, and the workers possess long dentition on their masticatory margin. The species epithet is treated as a noun in apposition, and thus invariant.

Distribution. MADAGASCAR: as in Figure 71 .

Additional material examined: in addition to the type material, specimens from the following localities were examined in this study: MADAGASCAR. Sakalava Beach, vegetated beach dunes, 12° 15.77´S, 49° 23.85´E, 10 m alt., across sandy trail in dwarf littoral forest; Montaigne Francais, 12° 19.5´S, 49° 20´E, 150 m alt., along forested limestone ridge; 7 km N Joffreville, camp 2 of Fisher, 12° 20´S, 49° 15´E, 360 m alt., in dry forest; Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, first campsite, 12° 30.87´S, 49° 10.88´E, 960 m alt., rainforest; Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, lemur trail, 12° 31´S, 49° 11´E, 975 m alt., rainforest; Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, Petit Lac road, 12° 31.22´S, 49° 10.75´E, 1125 m alt., rainforest; Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, 3.6 km 235° SW Joffreville, 12° 32.07´S, 49° 10.77´E, 925 m alt., montane rainforest; Réserve Spéciale de l'Ankarana, 13.6 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord, 12° 51.82´S, 49° 13.55´E, 210 m alt., tropical dry forest; Réserve Spéciale de l'Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, 12° 54.53´S, 49° 6.59´E, 80 m alt., tropical dry forest; Forêt de Binara, 7.5 km 230° SW Daraina, 13° 15.3´S, 49° 37´E, 375 m alt., tropical dry forest; Ampamakiambato, 45 km SW Ambanja, 13° 58.23´S, 48° 9.5´E, 145 m alt., roadside; Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina, 14° 26.2´S, 49° 46.5´E, 450 m alt., rainforest; Parc National Marojejy, 14° 26.29´S, 49° 46.44´E, 488 m alt., rainforest; Forêt Ambanitaza, 26.1 km 347° Antalaha, 14° 40.76´S, 50° 11.02´E, 240 m alt., rainforest; Réserve d'Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13° NE de Tsaramandroso, 16° 16.03´S, 47° 2.92´E, 210 m alt., tropical dry forest; Res. Ambodiriana, 4.8 km 306° Manompana, along Manompana river, 16° 40.34´S, 49° 42.07´E, 125 m alt., rainforest; Parcelle E3 Tampolo, 17° 16.86´S, 49° 25.81´E, 10 m alt., littoral forest; S.F. Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., 17° 16.95´S, 49° 25.8´E, 10 m alt., littoral rainforest; Réserve Spéciale d'Ambohitantely, Forêt d Ambohitantely, 20.9 km 72° NE d Ankazobe, 18° 13.52´S, 47° 17.21´E, 1410 m alt., montane rainforest; Réserve Spéciale d'Ambohijanahary, Forêt d'Ankazotsihitafototra, 35.2 km 312° NW Ambaravaranala, 18° 16´S, 45° 24.4´E, 1050 m alt., montane rainforest; Forêt Ambatovy, 14.3 km 57° Moramanga, 18° 51.05´S, 48° 19.2´E, 1075 m alt., montane rainforest; Andasibe National Park, botanic garden near entrance, west of ANGAP office, 18° 55.58´S, 48° 24.47´E, 1025 m alt., tropical forest; Fitovavy Fitovinany Region, district of Ifanadiana, 12 km W of Ranomafana, 21° 15.05´S, 47° 24.43´E, 1127 m alt., forest edge, open area; Belle Vue trail, Ranomafana National Park, Fianarantsoa Prov., 21° 15.99´S, 47° 25.21´E, 1020 m alt., mixed tropical forest; Base Makay 0 3, 21° 13.19´S, 45° 19.44´E, 500 m alt., gallery forest on sandy soil southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, 59 km NE Sakaraha, 22° 28´S, 44° 51´E, 730 m alt., tropical dry forest; Zombitse National Park, Tulear Prov., near road, 22° 50.43´S, 44° 43.87´E, 825 m alt., spiny deciduous forest. Parc National de Zombitse, 19.8 km 84° E Sakaraha, 22° 50.6´S, 44° 42.6´E, 770 m alt., tropical dry forest; near ANGAP office, Zombitse National Park, Tulear Prov., 22° 53.19´S, 44° 41.53´E, 840 m alt., deciduous spiny forest; Forêt de Vevembe, 66.6 km 293° Farafangana, 22° 47.46´S, 47° 10.91´E, 600 m alt., rainforest, transition to montane forest; Réserve Forestière d'Agnalazaha, Mahabo, 42.9 km 215° Farafangana, 23° 11.63´S, 47° 43.38´E, 20 m alt., littoral rainforest.

Remarks. The worker of Adetomyrma goblin is distinguished easily from other Adetomyrma species by the combination of a single shorter hair lateral to each longest hair on the anterior margin of the clypeus; the presence of a small denticle on the basal portion of the mandibular subapical tooth; and the small, lateral propodeal spiracle, which is not visible in dorsal view ( Fig 10 ). The male of A. goblin is easily distinguished from those of other Adetomyrma species by its small black appearance and the clearly impressed notaulus on the mesoscutum ( Fig 17 ). Our observations suggest that only A. goblin produces alate queens within the genus Adetomyrma .

Considerable variation was observed in the male characters of Adetomyrma goblin , including body size, wing color, width of flagellum, and hairs on abdominal surface. Some individuals were separately listed as the different morphospecies A. mgm02 in Yoshimura & Fisher (2012) based on the darker, smoked color of their wings. However, no other character is consistent or synchronous with this division, and moreover, A. mgm02 is not sympatrically distributed with the other A. goblin males. Therefore, here we regard all of those morphological differences as intraspecific variations in a single species, A. goblin .

This new species corresponds to the following species codes used in previous studies:

sp.: Saux et al. 2004,

mg01: Yoshimura & Fisher 2012,

mgm02: Yoshimura & Fisher 2012.

Figures

FIGURES 9 – 10. Propodeum of Adetomyrma workers in dorsal view. 9, A. bressleri (CASENT 0205995: holotype); 10, A. goblin (CASENT 0227981: holotype). 9, the propodeal spiracles are visible in dorsal view; 10, the propodeal spiracles are not visible in dorsal view.

FIGURES 17 – 18. Mesosoma of Adetomyrma males in dorsal view. 17, A. goblin (CASENT 0084070); 18, A. venatrix (CASENT 0151606). 17, notaulus and parapsidal line are clearly impressed on the mesoscutum; 18, notaulus is not impressed but parapsidal line is impressed.

FIGURES 29 – 37. Males of Adetomyrma in lateral view. 29, A. aureocuprea sp. nov. (CASENT 0227991: holotype); 30, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0008693); 31, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0079552); 32, A. cassis sp. nov. (CASENT 0163620: holotype); 33, A. caudapinniger sp. nov. (CASENT 0244415: holotype); 34, A. cilium sp. nov. (CASENT 0007808: holotype); 35, A. clarivida sp. nov. (CASENT 0064259: holotype); 36, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0084070); 37, A. venatrix (CASENT 0151606).

FIGURES 38 – 46. Males of Adetomyrma in dorsal view. 38, A. aureocuprea sp. nov. (CASENT 0227991: holotype); 39, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0008693); 40, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0079552); 41, A. cassis sp. nov. (CASENT 0163620: holotype); 42, A. caudapinniger sp. nov. (CASENT 0244415: holotype); 43, A. cilium sp. nov. (CASENT 0007808: holotype); 44, A. clarivida sp. nov. (CASENT 0064259: holotype); 45, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0084070); 46, A. venatrix (CASENT 0151606).

FIGURES 47 – 55. Head of Adetomyrma males in full-face view. 47, A. aureocuprea sp. nov. (CASENT 0227991: holotype); 48, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0008693); 49, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0079552); 50, A. cassis sp. nov. (CASENT 0163620: holotype); 51, A. caudapinniger sp. nov. (CASENT 0244415: holotype); 52, A. cilium sp. nov. (CASENT 0007808: holotype); 53, A. clarivida sp. nov. (CASENT 0064259: holotype); 54, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0084070); 55, A. venatrix (CASENT 0151606).

FIGURES 56 – 63. Aedeagal plate of Adetomyrma males in lateral view. 56, A. aureocuprea sp. nov. (CASENT 0008678); 57, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0218012); 58, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0218011); 59, A. caudapinniger sp. nov. (CASENT 0111791); 60, A. cilium sp. nov. (CASENT 0218014); 61, A. clarivida sp. nov. (CASENT 0111802); 62, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0218010); 63, A. venatrix (CASENT 0063101).

FIGURES 64 – 72. Distribution maps for Adetomyrma species. 64, A. aureocuprea sp. nov.; 65, A. bressleri sp. nov.; 66, A. caputleae sp. nov.; 67, A. cassis sp. nov.; 68, A. caudapinniger sp. nov.; 69, A. cilium sp. nov.; 70, A. clarivida sp. nov.; 71, A. goblin sp. nov.; 72, A. venatrix. Star symbols represent the type locality.

FIGURES 73 – 80. Workers of Adetomyrma in lateral view and dorsal view. 73, 74, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0205995: holotype); 75, 76, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0004358); 77, 78, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0227981: holotype); 79, 80, A. venatrix (MCZTYPE 34786). 73, 75, 77, 79, lateral view; 74, 76, 78, 80, dorsal view.

FIGURES 81 – 84. Head of Adetomyrma workers in full-face view. 81, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0205995: holotype); 82, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0004358); 83, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0227981: holotype); 84, A. venatrix (MCZTYPE 34786).

FIGURES 85 – 90. Queens of Adetomyrma species. 85, 87, 89, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0004350); 86, 88, 90, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0007401); 85, 86, lateral view; 87, 88, dorsal view; 89, 90, head in full-face view.

FIGURES 91 – 94. Colonies of Adetomyrma. 91, 92, A. caputleae (collection BLF 02531, ex rotten log); 93, 94, A. goblin (collection BLF 14240, ex rotten log, soil). 91, larvae, naked pupae, and workers; 92, pupae, workers, and a large ergatoid queen; 93, elongate larvae feeding between sclerites of a Tenebrionidae larva; 94 two workers grooming a larva. 91, 92, photos by Brian Fisher; 93, 94, photos by Alex Wild.