Xanthochorema calcaratum Schmid, 1989

Espeland, Marianne & Johanson, Kjell Arne, 2008, New species and descriptions of females of the New Caledonian endemic genus Xanthochorema (Trichoptera, Hydrobiosidae), Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 197, pp. 79-98 : 93-97

Xanthochorema calcaratum Schmid, 1989

Figs 48-59

MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia: 1 male, 1 female, source stream of Ouinné River, at crosspoint to mountain track, Province Sud, Monts Koghis, ca 800 m S Koghi Restaurant, 22°02.218’S, 166°28.566’E, 797 m, 18.XI.2003, light trap, loc 22.18365°S, 166.50451°E, 440 m, 11-26.XI.2003, Malaise 032 [KA Johanson] ( NRM, alcohol); 1 female, Province Sud, W trap, loc 021 [KA Johanson] ( NRM, alcohol); 1 male, 2 fema- slope Mt. Ningua, Kwé Néco Stream, at Camp Jacob, 3.7 km les, Province Sud, Mt. Dzumac, source stream of Ouinné River, WNW summit of Mt. Ningua, on Bouloupari-Thio Road, abonear crosspoint to mountain track, 22°02.073’S, 166°28.460’E, ut 50 m upstream road, 21°43.613’S, 166°06.567’E, 150 m, 810 m, 18.XI-4.XII.2003, Malaise trap, loc 030 [KA Johanson] 29.XI-12.XII.2003, Malaise trap, loc 054 [KA Johanson] ( NRM, ( NRM, alcohol); 1 female, Province Sud, Mt. Dzumac, source alcohol); 1 female, Province Sud, Mt. Dzumac, source stream stream of Ouinné River, downstream crosspoint to mountain of Ouinné River, downstream crosspoint to mountain track, track, 22°01.997’S, 166°28.486’E, 795 m, over about 30 m wa- 22°02.330’S, 166°28.605’E, 796 m, 3.XII.2003, light trap, loc terfall, 18.XI-4.XII.2003, Malaise trap, loc 031 [KA Johanson] 062 [KA Johanson] ( NRM, alcohol).

( NRM, alcohol); 1 male, 1 female, Province Sud, Mt. Dzumac,

DIAGNOSIS. — Xanthochorema calcaratum is easily distinguished from all other Xanthochorema species by the long anterior process on the harpago, a feature easily seen in lateral and dorsal view. Females are quite similar to X. christinae n. sp., but are distinguished by the nearly rectangular tergite VIII, and by having segment IX covering almost the entire sternite VIII in lateral view.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE (Figs 48-54). — Abdomen with internal gland situated in posterior part of sternite IV and anterior part of sternite V, connected to lateral filament on sternite V. Filament around 1.2 x longer than sternite V; arising anteroventrally on segment, oriented slightly posteroventrally; cylindrical along its length; sharply narrowing at mid-length. Sternite VI with pointed process about the length of segment VI, arising posteriorly on segment; process gradually narrowing, with apex incised in ventral view, ventral part covered by microtrichia.

Genitalia: segment IX, lateral view, with triangular anterior margin, slightly concave anterodorsally; posteroventral margin slightly convex, narrowing at dorsal one-third; scattered setae present on posterior one-third of segment; in dorsal view, inner margin concave, with produced anterolateral margins; in ventral view, posterior margin with broad, medially incised protrusion; anterior margin with lateral, broad processes; anterior margin ellipsoid; posterior half of segment covered by setae. Proctiger in lateral view as long as gonocoxite, parallel sided with truncated apex; in dorsal view with parallel lateral margins, slightly narrowing at apical one-third, apex with small medial incision. Lateral process of proctiger club shaped, minute, oriented dorsally, covered by setae. Filipod cylindrical in lateral view, oriented slightly posterodorsally, nearly straight, about as long as gonocoxite; apex rounded, covered by long setae; slightly inwardly curved in dorsal view, apex slightly produced laterally. Preanal appendage short, club shaped, covered by setae, slightly diverging from filipod. Parapod, about as long as coxopodite, oriented posteriorly, with triangular protrusion at mid-length; apex bifurcated, dorsal process oriented dorsally, about one-quarter the length of posteroventrally oriented ventral process, apical half with scattered setae. Gonocoxite with well-developed coxopodite and harpago; coxopodite short in lateral view, dorsal margin nearly straight, with posterodorsal protrusion; ventral margin slightly concave; apex nearly rounded; posterior two-thirds and anterodorsal protrusion covered by setae; coxopodite diverging distally in dorsal and ventral view, with convex lateral margins and slightly inversely sigmoid medial margins; apex truncated. Harpago club shaped in lateral view, without setae; with long, cylindrical anterior projection; apex of projection parallel with dorsal protrusion on coxopodite, margins nearly parallel in dorsal and ventral view; apex slightly inwardly hooked; in dorsal view with anterior, long, antero-medially directed, cylindrical projection. Phallus slightly convex in lateral view, bifurcated at mid-length; dorsal branch long and cylindrical with ventrally hooked apex; ventral branch long and parallel sided; dorsal part of apex produced, with small anteriorly hooked sclerotized spine basally at protrusion; ventral part with sclerotized spine with two anterior narrow, long

48 50

50-54

FIGS 48-54. Xanthochorema calcaratum Schmid,1989 ,male. 48, abdominal segments IV-VI,lateral view. 49, pointed process of abdominal sternite VI,ventral view. 50, genitalia, lateral view. 51, genitalia, dorsal view. 52, genitalia, ventral view. 53, phallus, lateral view. 54, phallus, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

projections. Sperm channel long, slender, articulated. Aedeagus long, gradually narrowing, posterior half cylindrical; phallus parallel-sided in ventral view. Aedeagus cylindrical, with three sclerotized spines just below apex; apex undulate around spines.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE (Figs 55-59). — Abdomen with a cylindrical filament on segment V, about 1.5 x longer than segment V. Sternite VI with short pointed process arising posteriorly on segment, being triangular with incised apex in ventral view.

Genitalia: posterior margin of segment VII convex in ventral view, with long setae. Tergite VIII about half as long as tergite IX; segment VIII curves posteriorly at mid-height in lateral view, nearly rectangular; anterior and posterior margins convex in ventral view; sternite VIII covered by segment IX in lateral view; in ventral view, posteromedially with pair of slightly sclerotized, bluntly pointed lobes, each bearing numerous setae. Dorsobasal part of sternite VIII with narrow, transverse folds. Segment IX with concave ventral margin and straight dorsal margin, forms a chamber

55

58

57-59

FIGS 55-59. Xanthochorema calcaratum Schmid, 1989 , female. 55, abdominal segments V-X, lateral view. 56, pointed process of abdominal sternite VI, ventral view. 57, genitalia, lateral view. 58, genitalia, dorsal view. 59, genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

being open ventrally, surrounding softer parts of the genitalia; setae present mediodorsally and along ventral margin; in dorsal and ventral view tapering posteriorly; inwardly folded in ventral view, folds with setae. Soft segment X consists of two pairs weakly defined rounded lobes bearing numerous setae, the lateral pair with cercus. Spermatheca forms a composite structure within segments VII-IX; in lateral view nearly parallel sided, with a pair of long, lateral lobes at mid-length, curved anteriorly in lateral view and posteriorly in dorsal view; long cylindrical process extending anteriorly; anterior part with few, slightly sclerotized bands in lateral view.

KEYS TO XANTHOCHOREMA SPECIES

MALES

1. Coxopodite with dorsal, finger-like process ............................................................................................... 2

– Coxopodite without dorsal, finger-like process .......................................................................................... 3

2. Gonocoxite with well-developed coxopodite and harpago .................................................... X. celadon

– Gonocoxite harpago absent ............................................................................................................ X. caledon

3. Gonocoxite with well-developed coxopodite and harpago ................................................. X. christinae

– Gonocoxite harpago absent ............................................................................................................................ 4

4. Parapod divided into equally long dorsal and ventral branches .......................................................... 5

– Parapod simple, but may have small dorsal, triangular processes ........................................................ 6

5. Parapod bifurcated at mid-length ........................................................................................ X. neocaledonia

– Parapod bifurcated basally ........................................................................................................ X. bifurcatum

6. Parapod with dorsal, triangular processes ........................................................................... X. calcaratum

– Parapod without dorsal, triangular processes ............................................................................................ 7

7. Parapod long and slender, about three-quarters the length of the coxopodite .............. X. paniensis

– Parapod short and broad, maximum 1/2 the length of the coxopodite .............................................. 8

8. Inner margin of segment IX widely ellipsoid in dorsal view .............................................. X. nathaliae

– Inner margin of segment IX widely truncate in dorsal view ............................................... X. johnwardi

FEMALES

1. Process on sternite VI minute ....................................................................................................................... 2 – Process on sternite VI longer, sharply marked, with apex truncate in ventral view .......................... 4 2. Sternite VIII weakly sclerotized; filament on sternite V about as long as segment V ... X. christinae – Sternite VIII strongly sclerotized; filament on sternite V about twice as long as sternite V ............ 3 3. Sternite VIII nearly ellipsoid in lateral view ............................................................................ X. nathaliae – Sternite VIII nearly rectangular in lateral view, with broad posterodorsal protrusion ............................................................................................................................................................... X. johnwardi 4. Anterior part of spermatheca with sclerotized bands meeting anteriorly at opening to ductus bursa copulatrix ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 – Anterior part of spermatheca without sclerotized bands meeting anteriorly at opening to ductus bursa copulatrix ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 5. Posterior lobes of sternite VIII sickle shaped ............................................................................ X. caledon – Posterior lobes of sternite VIII shaped differently ..................................................................... X. celadon 6. Abdomen with cylindrical filament on segment V, about as long as segment V ........ X. bifurcatum – Abdomen with cylindrical filament on segment V, about 1.5 x as long segment V .... X. calcaratum ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Our sincere thanks go to the staff at the Molecular Systematics Laboratory at the Swedish Museum of Natural History for making their facilities and knowledge available for this study, and to Ms. Andrea Klintbjer (Swedish Museum of Natural History) for producing the nice and exact drawings. Dr. Christina Pöllabauer (Études et Recherches biologiques, Nouméa, New Caledonia) and Christian Mille (Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, Station de Recherches Fruitières de Pocquereux, Laboratoire d’entomologie appliquée, La Foa, New Caledonia) were both very enthusiastic and helpful during the sampling of the species in 2003 and 2004. Julio Ferrer kindly translated the abstract to French. This study was economically supported by National Geographic Committee for Research & Exploration (grant 7546-03).

REFERENCES

JOHANSON K. A. 2002. — A new species of the New Caledonian endemic WARD J. B. & MARY N. J. 2000. — Xanthochorema paniensis (Trichoptera, genus Xanthochorema Kimmins,1953 (Insecta:Trichoptera:Hydrobiosidae). Hydrobiosidae) new species from Upland New Caledonia. Aquatic Insects Zootaxa 42: 1 -6. 22: 71-76.

KIMMINS D. E. 1953. — Miss L. E. Cheesman’s expedition to New Caledonia, WARD J. B., LESCHEN R. A. B., SMITH B. J. & DEAN J. C. 2004. — Phylogeny 1949 – orders Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Neuroptera and Trichoptera. of the caddisfly (Trichoptera) family Hydrobiosidae using larval and adult Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12: 241-257. morphology,with description of a new genus and species from Fiordland,

SCHMID F. 1989. — Les Hydrobiosides (Trichoptera, Annulipalpia). Bulletin New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum 18: 23-43. de l’Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 59 (Suppl.): 1-154.