Apogonalia, Stali (Signoret, 1855

Felix, Márcio & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2017, The sharpshooter geNUs Apogonalia EvaNs (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: CicadelliNi): descriptioN of females aNd key to species, Zootaxa 4338 (1), pp. 101-127 : 121-123

Key to males and females of Apogonalia

1. Crown rounded anteriorly; eyes globular and swollen in dorsal view; pronotum with pair of anterolateral dark brown maculae posterior to eyes. ... insular species........................................................... 2 ( Figs 1 , 40, 41 )

- Crown generally triangular anteriorly; eyes elliptical and not swollen in dorsal view; pronotum without such pair of maculae. ... mainland species................................................................... 10 ( Figs 6 , 23 , 29, 30 )

2. Crown with two pairs of large black marks on anterior margin; disc generally with pair of large black marks between ocelli and without longitudinal dark brown stripes........................................................ 3 ( Figs 1 , 51, 61 )

- Crown without such marks on anterior margin; disc with two pairs of narrow stripes ( Figs 40, 41 ) or with pair of broad stripes ( Fig. 85 ), longitudinal and dark brown..................................................................... 7

3. Pronotum with four anterior dark marks and two posterior ones on mediolateral portions ( Fig. 51 ); forewing with outer anteapical cell short ( Metcalf & Bruner 1936, fig. 50); median portion of corium with diagonal dark stripe extending from costal margin to inner discal cell ( Fig. 52 ); aedeagal shaft with long, spiniform dorsoapical process.............................................................................................. A. interrupta ( Dominican Republic, Haiti)

- Pronotum with two pairs of narrow longitudinal dark stripes on mediolateral portions ( Figs 68 , 78 ); forewing with outer anteapical cell long ( Young 1977, fig. 753q); median portion of corium without diagonal stripe; aedeagal shaft without dorsoapical process.............................................................................................. 4

4. Crown with pair of black maculae between ocelli ( Figs 1 , 61 , 78 ); frons with pair of elongate V- or Y-shaped dark marks on mediolateral portions; clypeus with longitudinal dark stripe medially; aedeagal shaft with pair of basiventral ( Freytag 2004, figs 5, 9) or ventroapical ( Young 1977, fig. 747f) acute processes; female sternite VII with pair of variable dark maculae on basilateral portions; posterior margin variably emarginated..................................................... 5

- Crown without pair of black maculae between ocelli ( Fig. 68 ; Freytag 2004, fig. 11); frons without such pair of dark marks on mediolateral portions; clypeus with large dark mark dorsally; aedeagal shaft without pair of ventral processes ( Freytag 2004, fig. 16); female sternite VII uniformly colored, without distinct dark maculae on basilateral portions; posterior margin with short spine................................................................... A. noda ( Dominican Republic)

5. Forewing with costal area at least anteriorly yellow or yellowish ( Fig. 79 ); female pygofer with posterior margin triangular ( Figs 4 , 82 )........................................................................................... 6

- Forewing with costal area not yellow or yellowish anteriorly; female pygofer with posterior margin narrowly convex..................................................................................... A. loxa ( Dominican Republic)

broadly convex anteromedially, without produced lobe ( Fig. 81 ).................. A. pinguis ( Dominican Republic, Haiti) - Frons with such dark mark medially; pronotum with pair of anterolateral dark maculae not attaining anterior margin ( Fig. 1 ); forewing without such black mark medially on outer discal cell; aedeagal shaft with pair of basiventral acute processes ( Freytag 2004, fig. 5); female sternite VIII with semilunar sclerite produced anteromedially into narrowly convex lobe ( Fig. 3 )...................................................................... A. angusta ( Dominican Republic, Haiti)

7. Forewing with large whitish mark bordered by brown medially on corium ( Fig. 48 ); male pygofer with posteroventral margin strongly concave ( Young 1977, fig. 745c); aedeagal shaft entirely curved dorsally, without processes ( Young 1977, fig. 745f); female pygofer with posterior margin triangular................................................ A. imitatrix ( Cuba)

- Forewing without such mark on corium; male pygofer with posteroventral margin convex ( Young 1977, figs 746c, 758c, 759c); aedeagal shaft approximately rectilinear, with variable process on ventral margin ( Young 1977, figs 746f, 758p, 759f); female pygofer generally with posterior margin narrowly convex ( Fig. 45 )......................................... 8

8. Paraphyses with rami robust, strongly bifurcated apically ( Young 1977, fig. 746h); aedeagal shaft with pair of ventral processes not transversely aligned in lateral view ( Young 1977, fig. 746f); female sternite VII with posterior subrectangular emargination ( Fig. 86 ); sternite VIII with small heart-shaped sclerite, dorsoventrally surrounded by pair of lateral smaller sclerites ( Fig. 87 )....................................................... A. sanguinipes ( Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica)

- Paraphyses with rami moderately narrowed, not bifurcated apically ( Young 1977, figs 758h, 759h); aedeagal shaft with pair of ventral processes transversely aligned in lateral view ( Young 1977, figs 758p, 759f); female sternite VII medially concave posteriorly; sternite VIII with single trapezoid sclerite, more or less visible ( Figs 44 , 83 )................................ 9

9. Frons with median, inverted V-shaped dark brown mark; paraphyses with basal sclerite asymmetrical ( Young 1977, fig. 758h); aedeagal shaft without pair of triangular lateral basimedian processes ( Young 1977, figs 758f, 759f); female pygofer with posterior margin triangular ( Fig. 84 ); female sternite VII broadly convex posteriorly with shallow median concavity............................................................. A. robusta ( Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico)

- Frons without such dark brown mark; paraphyses with basal sclerite symmetrical ( Young 1977, fig. 759h); aedeagal shaft with pair of such processes ( Young 1977, fig. 758p); female pygofer with posterior margin narrowly convex ( Fig. 45 ); female sternite VII narrowly convex posteriorly with deep median concavity ( Fig. 43 ).................................................................................. A. histrio ( Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico)

10. Crown with two pairs of narrow, longitudinal dark brown stripes, posterior half without mosaic pattern; pronotum with two pairs of yellow or orange maculae bordered by black: one mediolateral pair and one lateral pair; mediolateral portions with two pairs of narrow, longitudinal dark brown stripes; forewing with large yellow or orange marks basally on corium..................................................................................................... 11 ( Figs 6 , 89 )

- Crown without such dark brown stripes, posterior half generally with mosaic pattern; pronotum without such pairs of maculae or only with one pair on mediolateral or lateral portions; mediolateral portions without such dark brown stripes; forewing without such marks basally on corium....................................................... 14 ( Figs 23 , 29, 30 , 57 )

11. Frons with mosaic of brown areas on yellow background, without dark brown longitudinal stripes ( Fig. 16 ); male pygofer with inner process on dorsoapical portion ( Young 1977, fig. 750p); paraphyses lacking rami ( Young 1977, fig. 750h); aedeagal shaft with long ventroapical process ( Young 1977, fig. 750f); female sternite VII narrowly convex posteriorly with slight median emargination; sternite VIII with large, anteriorly curved sclerite and small posterior sclerite ( Fig. 17 )....................................................................................... A. dampfi ( Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico)

- Frons without mosaic but with variable dark brown longitudinal stripes ( Fig. 7 ); male pygofer without inner process on dorsoapical portion ( Young 1977, figs 744c, 753c, 756c); paraphyses with pair of elongate rami ( Young 1977, figs 744h, 753h, 756h); aedeagal shaft without long ventroapical process ( Young 1977, figs 744f, 753f, 756f); female sternite VII generally broadly convex posteriorly ( Fig. 20 ), if it is narrowly convex, then median emargination is deeply concave ( Fig. 8 ); sternite VIII with single large sclerite ( Figs 9 , 21 , 91 )............................................................... 12

12. Pronotum with yellow or orange anteromedian macula not enclosing brown marks ( Fig. 89 ); male pygofer with minute, inconspicuous spine on inner ventroapical portion; aedeagal shaft with very short, median ventroapical lobe and without ventral paired processes ( Young 1977, fig. 744f); female pygofer with small dorsoapical convex lobe............................................................ A. stali ( Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua)

- Pronotum without such anteromedian macula, if present, it has brown marks ( Fig. 6 ); male pygofer with short and tapered spine on inner ventroapical portion ( Young 1977, figs 753c, p, 756c, p); aedeagal shaft without median ventroapical lobe and with ventral paired processes ( Young 1977, figs 753f, 756f); female pygofer narrowed apically, subtriangular ( Fig. 10 )..... 1 3

13. Crown with pair of diagonal dark brown arches on anteromedian portion ( Young 1977, fig. 751a); frons without pair of elongate V- or Y-shaped mediolateral dark brown marks; mesosternum with lateral dark brown maculae; female sternite VII with posterior margin broadly convex ( Fig. 20 ).................................................................................................... A. fractinota ( Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama)

- Crown without pair of such arches on anteromedian portion; frons with pair of such mediolateral dark brown marks ( Fig. 7 ); mesosternum without lateral dark brown maculae; female sternite VII with posterior margin narrowly convex ( Fig. 8 )...................................................................... A. blanchardi ( Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua)

14. Crown, pronotum and mesonotum entirely black or with few small white maculae ( Fig. 75 ); forewing uniformly red with apical portion blackened ( Fig. 75 )......................................................... A. pennata ( Costa Rica)

- Crown, pronotum and mesonotum with numerous yellow and dark brown maculae and stripes, generally in mosaic color pattern ( Figs 23 , 29, 30 , 57 ); forewing not uniformly red, with variable maculae and stripes ( Figs 24 , 29, 30 , 57 , 62 )........ 15

- Pronotum generally without pair of such maculae on mediolateral portions; forewing generally long and narrow ( Figs 23, 24 , 29, 30 ); median portion of corium without such maculae; female pygofer with posterior margin generally triangular ( Figs 36 , 65 ) or narrowly convex................................................................................ 17

16. Male pygofer with inner spiniform process on dorsoapical margin and inner long and broad process on ventromedian portion ( Young 1977, fig. 757p), without ventroapical process; paraphyses symmetrical, with V-shaped basal sclerite and pair of minute (vestigial) rami ( Young 1977, fig. 757h); aedeagal shaft approximately rectilinear with pair of robust ventromedian hookshaped processes ( Young 1977, fig. 757f); female pygofer with ventral margin extensively rectilinear ( Fig. 72 ); valvula II of ovipositor with apex convex ( Fig. 74 ).......................................................... A. omani ( USA)

- Male pygofer without dorsoapical and ventromedian processes, with inner short spiniform process on ventroapical portion; paraphyses asymmetrical, with Y-shaped basal sclerite and at least one long and moderately broad ramus ( Young 1977, fig. 760h); aedeagal shaft with apex curved dorsally and with pair of long ventromedian spiniform processes ( Young 1977, fig. 760f); female pygofer with ventral margin broadly convex ( Figs 36, 37 , 65 ); valvula II of ovipositor with apex subacute ( Fig. 28 )............................................................................ A. monticola ( Mexico, USA)

17. Pronotum with lateral margins approximately parallel ( Figs 23 , 57 , 62 ); forewing with broad and conspicuous dark brown stripe on claval sulcus, bordered internally and externally by continuous white stripes ( Figs 23, 24 , 57 , 62 ); costal area with two longitudinal adjacent stripes, an white one (innermost) and a black one (outermost) ( Fig. 24 )...................... 18

- Pronotum with lateral margins anteriorly convergent ( Figs 29, 30 , 92 ); forewing without such stripe on claval sulcus or, if present, not bordered by continuous white stripes ( Figs 92, 93 ); costal area without adjacent white and black stripes.......... 20

18. Pronotum entirely black with mosaic of small yellow areas ( Young 1977, fig. 749a); male pygofer with posterior margin truncate ( Young 1977, fig. 749c) and long paired process on inner ventroapical portion ( Young 1977, fig. 749p); paraphyses with basal sclerite symmetrical and rami minute (vestigial) ( Young 1977, fig. 749q); female sternite VIII with large, dorsal elliptical sclerite superposed to a ventral one, strongly constricted medially ( Fig. 58 )..... A. krameri ( El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico)

- Pronotum with continuous median stripe and pair of lateral arches, yellow or fulvous ( Figs 23 , 62 ); male pygofer with posterior margin concave ( Young 1977, figs 751c, 752c) and long unpaired process on inner ventroapical portion ( Young 1977, figs 751p, 752p); paraphyses with basal sclerite asymmetrical and rami long (conspicuous) ( Young 1977, figs 751h, 752h); female sternite VIII only with a broad sclerite ( Figs 26 , 64 ).......................................................... 19

19. Frons with mosaic of rounded yellow maculae and dorsal, narrow transverse yellow stripe ( Fig. 63 ); mediolateral portions without pair of elongate Y-shaped dark brown marks; forewing short and broad ( Fig. 62 ); male pygofer with long and broad process on posterodorsal margin ( Young 1977, figs 751c, p); aedeagal shaft curved ventrally on apical half, with pair of hookshaped ventral processes ( Young 1977, fig. 751f); female sternite VIII with broad, bilobate sclerite, deeply notched anteromedially ( Fig. 64 )............................................................... A. mediolineata ( Mexico, USA)

- Frons without such mosaic and such stripe; mediolateral portions with pair of elongate Y-shaped dark brown marks; forewing long and narrow ( Figs 23, 24 ); male pygofer without process on posterodorsal margin ( Young 1977, figs 752c, p); aedeagal shaft approximately rectilinear, with long unpaired ventral process ( Young 1977, fig. 752f); female sternite VIII with broad, anteriorly concave sclerite, depressed on median line ( Fig. 26 ).................................. A. fraterna (Mexico)

20. Mesoscutum with pair of broad, mediolateral dark brown stripes ( Fig. 92 ); male pygofer with long inner ventroapical process, extending medially and crossing median line ( Young 1977, fig. 761p); subgenital plates extending posteriorly to pygofer apex ( Young 1977, fig. 761c); aedeagal shaft with ventral process unpaired and with apical third bifurcated ( Young 1977, fig. 761f); female sternite VIII with pair of broad produced lateral lobes ( Fig. 96 )................. A. woodruffi ( Guatemala, Mexico)

- Mesoscutum without pair of such stripes ( Figs 29, 30 ; Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 1); male pygofer without processes or only with spiniform ventroapical process dorsomedially curved, not attaining median line ( Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 5); subgenital plate not attaining pygofer apex ( Young 1977, fig. 754c; Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 4); aedeagal shaft with variable paired ventral processes ( Young 1977, figs 754f, s–u; Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 8); female sternite VIII without produced lateral lobes ( Figs 34, 35 )............................................................................... 21

21. Clypeus with median, broad brown stripe ( Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 2); male pygofer with spiniform ventroapical process dorsomedially curved, not attaining median line ( Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 5); aedeagal shaft with pair of short, triangular lateral processes and pair of long, approximately symmetrical ventral processes ( Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 8)............................................................................................... A. nielsoni (Mexico)

- Clypeus with irregular brown marks ( Fig. 31 ); male pygofer without processes; aedeagal shaft without lateral processes and with pair of hook-shaped to falciform, strongly asymmetrical ventral processes ( Young 1977, figs 754f, s–u)................................................................................................... A. germana (Mexico)

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 15. (1 – 5) Apogonalia angusta Freytag, 2004, female: 1, dorsal habitus; 2, sternite VII, ventral view; 3, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 4, pygofer, lateral view; 5, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view. (6 – 15) A. blanchardi (Signoret, 1855), female: 6, dorsal habitus; 7, face; 8, sternite VII, ventral view; 9, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 10, pygofer, lateral view; 11, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view; 12, valvula I, apical portion, lateral view; 13, valvula II, lateral view; 14, valvula II, apical portion, lateral view; 15, valvula II, tooth on median portion, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 40 – 50. (40 – 47) Apogonalia histrio (Fabricius, 1794), female: 40, dorsal habitus (C); 41, dorsal habitus (I); 42, face; 43, sternite VII, ventral view; 44, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 45, pygofer, lateral view; 46, valvula I, lateral view; 47, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = specimen from Guantánamo (Cuba), I = from Grand Cayman (Cayman Islands). (48 – 50) A. imitatrix Young, 1977, female: 48, left forewing, lateral view; 49, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 50, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 16 – 28. (16 – 19) Apogonalia dampfi Young, 1977, female: 16, face; 17, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 18, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view; 19, valvula II, apical portion, lateral view. (20 – 22) A. fractinota (Fowler, 1899), female: 20, sternite VII, ventral view; 21, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 22, valvula II, teeth on median portion, lateral view. (23 – 28) A. fraterna Young, 1977, female: 23, dorsal habitus; 24, left forewing, lateral view; 25, sternite VII, ventral view; 26, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 27, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view; 28, valvula II, apical portion, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 29 – 39. Apogonalia germana (Fowler, 1899), female: 29, dorsal habitus (V); 30, dorsal habitus (V); 31, face; 32, sternite VII (V), ventral view; 33, sternite VII (P), ventral view; 34, sternite VIII, dorsal view (M); 35, sternite VIII, dorsal view (V); 36, pygofer, lateral view (M); 37, pygofer, lateral view (V); 38, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view; 39, valvula II, teeth on median portion, lateral view. Abbreviations: M = specimen from Michoacán de Ocampo (Mexico), P = from Puebla (Mexico), V = from Veracruz-Llave (Mexico). Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 51 – 61. (51 – 56) Apogonalia interrupta (Signoret, 1855), female: 51, dorsal habitus; 52, left forewing, lateral view; 53, sternite VII, ventral view; 54, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 55, pygofer, lateral view; 56, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view. (57 – 60) A. krameri Young, 1977, female: 57, dorsal habitus; 58, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 59, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view; 60, valvula II, tooth on median portion, lateral view. (61) A. loxa Freytag, 2004, female: 61, dorsal habitus. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 85 – 97. (85 – 88) Apogonalia sanguinipes (Van Duzee, 1907), female: 85, dorsal habitus; 86, sternite VII, ventral view; 87, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 88, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view. (89 – 91) A. stali (Signoret, 1855), female: 89, dorsal habitus; 90, sternite VII, ventral view; 91, sternite VIII, dorsal view. (92 – 97) A. woodruffi Young, 1977, female: 92, dorsal habitus; 93, left forewing, lateral view; 94, face; 95, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 96, sternite VIII, anterior view; 97, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 62 – 74. (62 – 66) Apogonalia mediolineata (Fowler, 1899), female: 62, dorsal habitus; 63, face; 64, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 65, pygofer, lateral view; 66, valvula II, teeth on median portion, lateral view. (67) A. monticola (Fowler, 1899), female: 67, dorsal habitus. (68) A. noda Freytag, 2004, female: 68, dorsal habitus. (69 – 74) A. omani Young, 1977, female: 69, dorsal habitus; 70, left forewing, lateral view; 71, sternite VII, ventral view; 72, pygofer, lateral view; 73, valvulae I, basal portion, ventral view; 74, valvula II, apical portion, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 75 – 84. (75 – 77) Apogonalia pennata Nielson & Godoy, 1995, female: 75, dorsal habitus; 76, sternite VII, ventral view; 77, sternite VIII, dorsal view. (78 – 82) A. pinguis Young, 1977, female: 78, dorsal habitus; 79, left forewing, lateral view; 80, sternite VII, ventral view; 81, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 82, pygofer, lateral view. (83 – 84) A. robusta (Walker, 1851), female: 83, sternite VIII, dorsal view; 84, pygofer, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.