Synergus lignicola ( Osten-Sacken, 1862 )

Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2021, The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species, Zootaxa 4906 (1), pp. 1-121 : 59

Synergus lignicola ( Osten-Sacken, 1862)

Cynips (Synerges?) lignicola Osten-Sacken, 1862 . Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil. 1 (8): 252. Type material: MCZ.

Synerges (!) rhoditiformis Walsh, 1864. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil. 2: 499. Type material: MCZ. Synonymized by Osten-Sacken (1865: 374).

Synergus lignicola: Osten-Sacken (1865) . Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil. 4 (3): 374.

Andricus davisi Beutenmüller, 1907 . Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 23: 463. Type material: USNM (lectotype), paralectotypes in USNM, UB, CAS and MCZ. Synonymized by Lobato-Vila et al. (2019: 220).

Synergus davisi: Weld (1922) . Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 61 (18): 21.

Diagnosis. See Lobato-Vila et al. (2019: 222) and the diagnosis of S. atra and S. dimorphus (this work).

Distribution. USA: Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Washington D.C., and Virginia ( Beutenmüller 1907; Burks 1979); and Mexico: Hidalgo (Lobato-Vila et al. 2018).

Biology. Reared from tuberous twig galls of Callirhytis cornigera ( Osten-Sacken, 1865) on Q. palustris , and from tuberous twig galls of Callirhytis quercuspunctata (Basset, 1863) on Q. velutina ( Osten-Sacken 1865; Burks 1979); from galls of Callirhytis quercusgemmaria ( Ashmead, 1885) on Q. ilicifolia ( Beutenmüller 1907; Burks 1979); and from asexual tuberous twig galls of Andricus quercuslaurinus Melika & Pujade-Villar, 2009 on Q. affinis (Lobato-Vila et al. 2018) . Weld (1951) also mentions Q. incana and other red oaks.

Remarks. The type material of Synergus lignicola was examined and the species was treated and illustrated by Lobato-Vila et al. (2019: 220). Previously, the type material of its synonym, S. davisi , was examined and redescribed by Lobato-Vila et al. (2018: 594).