Seira sanloemensis, Godeiro & Zhang & Cipola, 2020

Godeiro, Nerivania Nunes, Zhang, Feng & Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, 2020, First partial mitogenome of a new Seira Lubbock species (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Seirinae) from Cambodia reveals a possible separate lineage from the Neotropical Seirinae, Zootaxa 4890 (4), pp. 451-472 : 454-463

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:750220B9-F813-4B2F-9F15-D3FFD12053AD
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4323828
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF8781-AD33-D861-D5CF-4542B705F9F0
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Seira sanloemensis
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Seira sanloemensis sp. nov. Godeiro & Cipola

Figs 1–6 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 , Table 3

Type material. Holotype female on slide ( NJAU), Cambodia, Preah Sihanouk Province , Koh Rong Samloem Island, trail between Lazy and Saracen Bay Beach, 1034’09’’N, 10318’28’’E ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ), Rain Forest, 20 meters of altitude, entomological aspirator, 23.i.2020, NN Godeiro coll. 6 paratypes: 1 male on slide and 3 in ethanol ( NJAU), and 1 male and 1 female on slides ( INPA-CLL 0000113 ), same data as holotype.

Diagnosis. Body with a lateral band of bluish pigment from Th III to Abd III, Abd IV distally pigmented ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Ant IV not annulated with an apical bulb bilobed; head mac M1–2, S0–4 and Pa4 present (S5, S6i and Ps2 as mic); prelabral chaetae ciliate; Th II with 5 mac in m1–2 complex, PmA to PmC groups with 5, 3 and 6 mac, respectively, p5 as mic; Th III–Abd III with 11 (p1i and p1p present, p2e and p2ea absent), 5, 3 (m3ep absent) and 1 central mac, respectively; Abd IV with 6 central and 16 lateral mac; trochanteral organ with about 21 spine-like chaetae; unguis a.t. present and unguiculus pe lamella with 1 tooth and serrated on distal half; collophore anteriorly with 3 spine-like chaetae and 5 mac (3 apically acuminate and 2 distal normal), posteriorly with 2 spines on each side; manubrium ventral formula with 1,2,2,2/4,12-14 chaetae; dens basal tubercle absent.

Description. Total length (head +trunk) of specimens 1.80–2.00 mm (n= 4), holotype 2.0 mm. Specimens pale yellow with dark blue pigment on all Ant III–IV, distal two thirds of Ant II, Ant I partially and head anteriorly, Th III with one lateral band that extend to Abd III where it is fully medially pigmented, Abd IV distally and coxa III. Head laterally, femurs I–II distally and tibiotarsus I with vestigial bluish pigments; eyepatches black ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Scales heavily ciliate, oval or elongated and apically rounded (rarely truncate, pointed or irregular) present on Ant I to one basal third of Ant III, dorsal and ventral head, thorax and abdomen, legs (except empodia), collophore anteriorly, both sides of the manubrium and dens ventrally; mac heavily ciliate apically, lightly foot shaped, rounded or acuminate; smooth mic apically ramificate or simple ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ).

Head.Antennae shorter than the trunk length ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Ant IV not annulated, with an apical bulb apically bilobed. Antennal segments with at least 8 types of chaetae, all typical of the genus. Ant III distally with 2 apical rods, 2 pin guard sens (if another ventral, not seen), some blunt sens of different sizes and ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Ant II with 2 lateral bothriotricha. Ant I with 3 proximal sens-like smooth chaetae. Four labral papillae conical; outer papillae smaller ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Clypeal formula with 4 (l1–2), 2 (ft), 3 (pf0–1) ciliate chaetae, l1–2 larger than the others and apically acuminate, pf chaeta slightly smaller ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ). Four prelabral ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ); labral formula with 4 (a1–2), 5 (m0–2), 5 (p0–2) smooth chaetae. Labial palp with five main papillae (A–E) plus one hypostomal papilla (H) with 0,5, 0,4, 4,2 guard appendages, respectively; labial papilla E with l.p. apically pointed and slightly exceeding the apex of the papilla ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ). Eyes 8, A, B and D larger than the others, G and H smaller, with 5 interocular chaetae (q, s, p, r, t), p as mac, others as mes; head dorsal chaetotaxy ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ) with 7 ‘An’ (An1a–1, An2–3), 4 ‘A’ (A0, A2–3, A5), 3 ‘M’ (M1–2, M4), 6 ‘S’ (S0–4, S6), 5 ‘Pa’ (Pa1–5), 2 ‘Pm’ (Pm1, Pm3), 4 ‘Pp’ (Pp1–4, Pp5) and 1‘Pe’ (Pe3) mac; 2 pairs of bothriotricha (1 subantennal and 1 post-ocellar), others chaetae as mic, An3p and one posterior mic (?) with unclear homology present or absent. Basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae a1–5 smooth (a2 larger), M1–2, E, L1–2 ciliate, r reduced; labium with 5 smooth chaetae, lpc1 slightly larger than the others, lpc6 slightly smaller, others subequal ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 ). Maxillary palp with t.a. smooth and b.c. rough, thicker and 1.15 larger than the t.a.; sublobal plate internally with 3 smooth main appendages (1 proximal slightly thinner and shorter) plus a minute smooth appendage distally ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 ). Ventral chaetotaxy with 14 ciliate chaetae, with 4 (G1–4), 3 (H2–4), 4 (J1–4) chaetae, b.c. present, but not elongated ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 ).

Th II–Abd V with ms and sens formula 1,0|1,0,1,0,0 and 1, 1| 0,2, 2,+,3, respectively ( Figs 4 View FIGURE 4 A–C); Abd II–IV bothriotrichal formula 2 (a5, m2), 3 (a5, m2, m5), 3 (T2, T4, D3) ( Figs 4 View FIGURE 4 B–C).

Thorax chaetotaxy ( Fig 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Th II a, m and p series with 4 (a5i2–5p, excluding the anterior collar), 8 (m1–1i, m2–2i2, m4i–4p) and 13 (p1ip–p1p2, p2a–2p, p2ea–2ep, p3–3p) mac, respectively. Th III a, m and p series with 6 (a1–6), 0 and 6 (p1i–1p, p2–2a, p3) mac, respectively, p2e and p2ea chaetae absent.

Abdomen chaetotaxy ( Figs 4 View FIGURE 4 B–C). Abd I a, m and p series with 0, 5 (m2i–2, m3, m4–4i) and 0 mac, respectively. Abd II a, m and p series with 1 (a2), 3 (m2–3e, m5), 0 mac, respectively; a5 and m2 bothriotricha with 6 and 5 accessory chaetae, respectively; m2ep and el chaetae absent. Abd III a, m and p series with 0, 2 (m3, pm6) and 1 (p6) mac, respectively, am6 chaeta as mic; m2 bothriotrichum with 4 accessory chaetae (a1–2 and 2 unnamed), and bothriotricha a5 and m5 with 11 accessory chaetae between them. Abd IV with 4 central mac on A–T series (A4, B3–5) plus sm and si and 16 lateral mac on E–Fe series (E2–4p, Ee10, F1–3p, Fe2–6); at least 5 sens (ps type I, others type II) and 6 posterior mes. Abd V a, m and p series with 1 (a5), 4 (m2–3, m5–5e) and 4 (p1, p3–5) main mac, respectively, lateral side unclear.

Legs. Trochanteral organ with about 21 spine-like chaetae ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Anterior side of femurs II–III with a longitudinal row of 4–7 small spine-like chaetae on proximal half ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ). Unguis outer side with a pair of lateral teeth and 1 unpaired median tooth; inner side with 4 teeth, bt on proximal half, mt on distal one third and slightly longer than bt, at on distal one sixth and smaller ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ). Unguiculus with all lamellae acuminate and most of them smooth (ai, ae, pi), except pe serrate and with one minute tooth on distal half; tenent hair capitate, finely ciliate, and discretely smaller than unguis outer edge ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ).

Collophore ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ). Anterior side with about 11 chaetae, 3 proximal spine-like chaetae, 3 median mac apically acuminate, 3 mes and 2 distal mac; posterior side with 2 subapical spine-like chaetae and 1 apical smooth chaeta; lateral flap with about 11 chaetae, 7 smooth (2 of them longer than the others) and 4 ciliate.

Furcula ( Figs 5 View FIGURE 5 E–F). Manubrium ventral chaetotaxy with the following formula: 1, 2, 2, 2/4 (subapical), 14–16 (apical) ciliate chaetae; manubrial plate with 3 psp and 4 ciliate chaetae, 2 inner larger. Mucro typically falcate, without basal spine.

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, the island of Koh Rong Sanloem. “Sanloem” is a Kmer word that can be translated to “drowsiness” or “far away and hard to discern”.

Distribution and habitat. The new species was found in a preserved area of Koh Rong Sanloem island, Cambodia, located in the Gulf of Thailand ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ), Southeast Asia. Good’s biogeographic zone 18, Paleotropical region ( Good 1974). The region climate is of tropical monsoon (Am), characterized by wet and dry seasons ( Kottek et al. 2006). The raining season takes place from May to October. The sole collection of the specimens was made using an entomological aspirator near the trail that lead to Lazy and Saracen Bay beach. This locality is covered by dense jungle, and its vegetation is mainly composed by the regrowth of pioneer species such as Peltophorum dasyrrhachis and Melaleuca cajuputi ( Toulson et al. 2014) ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ).

Remarks. Concerning the colour pattern, Seira sanloemensis sp. nov. is most similar to other nine species of the genus from different regions of the world ( Table 3), all with a longitudinal band of pigment on lateral trunk and Abd IV distally pigmented (except S. camgiangensis Nguy ễn, 2001). In most species this longitudinal band starts in Th III and extends to Abd III, but it can also start in Abd I ( S. gobalezai Christiansen & Bellinger, 1992 ) or even in Abd II ( S. indica ( Ritter, 1911) (see Yosii 1966), and reach only up to Abd II ( S. camgiangensis and S. urbana Nguy ễn, 2001). In addition, such bands of pigment can cover the segment (i.e. both bands joint medially), forming a full cloak (e.g. S. frater ( Bonet, 1933) , S. tinguira Cipola & Bellini, 2014 in Cipola et al. 2014b ) or a partial one (e.g. S. arunachala Mitra, 1976 , S. manukio Soto-Adames, Bernard & Wynne, 2015 in Bernard et al. (2015) , S. samloemensis sp. nov.).

The body colour pattern of S. sanloemensis sp. nov. is more similar to S. arunachala from India, S. camgiangensis from Vietnam, and S. gobalezai from Hawaii, but in S. camgiangensis the lateral bands are totally disconnected and the Abd IV is depigmented, while in S. gobalezai the lateral bands are connected on Abd II–III. They also are similar in homology of dorsal chaetotaxy, as Th II with 5 mac in m1–2 complex and PmA and PmB groups with 5 and 3 mac, respectively; Abd I with 5 central mac, and Abd III–IV with 1 and 6 central mac, respectively. However, in dorsal chaetotaxy S. sanloemensis sp. nov. differs from S. gobalezai by head with M2 and S1 mac present and S5 mac absent (opposite in S. gobalezai ), and from S. arunachala and S. camgiangensis by Th II with 5 mac in PmC group (6 mac in S. camgiangensis ) and Abd II with 3 central mac (a2, m3 and m3e), while S. arunachala has 4 central mac (m3ep present).

The new species also differs from the previous three species by Ant IV with bilobed apical bulb (retractile in S. arunachala and unilobed in S. camgiangensis ); prelabral chaetae ciliate (smooth in S. gobalezai ); trochanteral organ with about 21 spine-like chaetae (17 in S. arunachala , 25–30 in S. camgiangensis and 12–18 in S. gobalezai ); unguis a.t. present (absent in S. arunachala and S. camgiangensis ), and unguiculus pe lamella serrated with a basal tooth (toothless and smooth in the other three species). The new species still differs by collophore anterior side with 5 mac and 3 mes (4 mac and 5 mes in S. arunachala and 5 mac and 8 mes in S. camgiangensis ) and lateral flap with 4 ciliate and 7 smooth chaetae, while in the other species there are only smooth chaetae. Finally, S. sanloemensis sp. nov. differs by manubrium ventral formula with 1,2,2,2/4,12-14 chaetae, while S. gobalezai has 0,0,0,2/2,10 chaetae.

After comparing the new species with others taxa, we observed that the number of tergal mac is not always useful to distinguish species, although for it is still important for separate distant species ( Christiansen & Bellinger 1992, 1998, 2000). In fact, after Szeptycki (1979) the tergal homology became fundamental for the proper comparison of some body regions, since some species may have the same number of chaetae but with different homologies. Therefore, comparisons based solely on mac number should be avoided, whenever it is possible. An example of this issue can be seen in 6 sutural mac on head of three Seira species compared in this study: S. gobalezai , S. manukio and S. samloemensis sp. nov. Of such species, S1 mac is only present in S. manukio and S. samloemensis sp. nov., while S4 mac is only present in S. gobalezai and S. samloemensis sp. nov., and S5 mac is only present in S. gobalezai and S. manukio . Another example concern S. arunachala , S. gobalezai , S. samloemensis sp. nov. and S. tinguira , all with 11 central mac on Th III ( Table 3). Of these species, only S. tinguira has p2e and p2ea chaetae, while the p1i and p1p mac is present in S. arunachala , S. gobalezai and S. samloemensis sp. nov. (both absent in S. tinguira ). On Abd IV, 8 central mac are present in S. manukio , S. oceanica Yosii,1960 and S. tinguira ( Table 3), but A6 mac is present and A4 is absent only in S. manukio (the opposite in S. oceanica and S. tinguira ). On the other hand, in some cases such chaetae are shared in the same position and state (e.g. as mac), therefore they are not useful to separate species. Examples of this can be seen in 5 central mac (m2i, m2, m3, m4, m4i) on Abd I in S. sanloemensis sp. nov., S. arunachala and S. camgiangensis .