Daphniidae

Sinev, Artem Y., Gu, Yangliang & Han, Bo-Ping, 2015, Cladocera of Hainan Island, China, Zootaxa 4006 (3), pp. 569-585 : 575

Family Daphniidae

Ceriodaphnia cornuta Sars, 1888 . Common in winter, in all types of waters; more rare in spring, found in one reservoir and two ponds. Taxon of unclear status, presumed to be pantropical. This species was described from Australia. C. rigaudi Richard, 1884 , described from North Vietnam, is presumed to be a form of C. cornuta ( Rzoska 1956; Kotov & Ferrari 2011) but future revision is needed.

Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1888 . Common in winter, in all types of water bodies, in spring encountered only once in a paddy field. Littoral species, associated with water surface. Paleotropical, common in South-East Asia. For description, see Dumont & Pensaert (1983).

Simocephalus cf. heilongjiangensis Shi & Shi, 1994 . Rare, encountered in one reservoir, one pond and two rivers. Littoral species, associated with vegetation; all Simocephalus species are able to attach themselves to the substrate. The heilongjiangensis -complex in Asia needs revision, taxonomic status of populations from South-East Asia is unclear ( Sinev & Korovchinsky, 2013). For description see Orlova-Bienkowskaya (2001).

Simocephalus congener (Koch, 1841) . Encountered once in winter, in Manning reservoir (loc. 34). Littoral species, associated with vegetation. For description, see Orlova-Bienkowskaia (2001). This species is close to S. expinosus , but, according to Orlova-Bienkowskaya (2001), it is a separate species, which differs from S. expinosus by the morphology of the postabdominal claw, having a pecten of 18–22 spines on the outer side instead of 8–12 in S. expinosus . Recorded for China only once, in Potatso National Park in Shangri-La ( Xiang et al. 2015).

Simocephalus mixtus ( O. F. Mueller, 1776) . Very common species in the area, encountered in reservoirs, rivers and in paddy fields once, but not present in ponds; in winter encountered more frequently than in spring. Littoral species, associated with vegetation. Widely distributed species, recorded in all climatic zones of North Hemisphere, including China (Orlova-Bienkowskaia, 2001). For description, see Orlova-Bienkowskaia (2001).