Neocybaeina Bennett, 2023

Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia & Copley, Darren, 2023, Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae), Zootaxa 5318 (1), pp. 97-129 : 105-107

Neocybaeina Bennett gen. nov.

Cybaeina (in part) Chamberlin and Ivie 1937: 225, fig. 65.

“New genus #2” Bennett 2005: 88, figs 22.37, 22.39, 22.44; Bennett 2017: 99, figs 23.37, 23.39, 22.44.

Type species. Cybaeina xantha Chamberlin and Ivie 1937 . Etymology. The genus name, feminine in gender, means “new Cybaeina ”.

Diagnosis. Distinguishing specimens of Neocybaeina gen. nov. from other Cybaeinae except Rothaeina gen. nov. is explained in the diagnosis of Cybaeina . The females of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. are readily separated by vulval characters: in Neocybaeina gen. nov. ( Figs 37–39, 41–42 ), the spermathecal stalks are short and slender and the spermathecal bases bulbous (and easily differentiated from the stalks) while in Rothaeina gen. nov. ( Figs 67–69 , 71–74 , 76–79 , 81–83 ) the stalks are slender but elongate and convoluted and the bases slender, of similar diameter to the stalks (and, thus, difficult to differentiate from the stalks).

In addition, specimens of both sexes of Neocybaeina gen. nov. have four pairs of conspicuous elongate, usually overlapping macrosetae ventrally on tibia I while those of Rothaeina gen. nov. usually have five ( Fig. 2 ). Aside from this difference, the males of these two genera are difficult to differentiate: see discussion in the diagnosis of Cybaeina . The combination of the following characteristics of the male pedipalp of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. will help to differentiate them. In the male of N. xantha comb. nov. (the single species of Neocybaeina gen. nov. with a known, described male) ( Figs 29–30 ) the tegular apophysis of the genital bulb is relatively simple and linear with the distal arm short (about as long as wide) and the proximal arm elongate and straight with a simple angular tip. Furthermore, in the male of N. xantha comb. nov. the patellar apophysis ( Figs 18 , 31–34 ) is elongate (about as long as the width of the patella), relatively smoothly tapered, and with peg setae concentrated at the tip. In the males of Rothaeina gen. nov. the tegular apophysis ( Figs 43–51 , 60–63 ) is more complex with the distal arm elongate, usually curved, and often enlarged and the proximal arm elongate but often curved or with an otherwise more complex tip. Additionally, in the males of Rothaeina gen. nov. the patellar apophysis ( Figs 53–59 , 62, 64–65 ) is short (length less than the width of the patella) or, if about as long as the width of the patella, then the apophysis has either a distinct prominence on its distal margin ( Fig. 59 ) or a small group of peg setae dorso-basally ( Fig. 62 ).

Description. As for Cybaeus and in genus diagnosis in this paper. Additional descriptive characters presented here. Small- to medium-sized spiders, carapace lengths averaging 1.96 mm (males) and 1.73–1.89 mm (females); females usually smaller than males. Legs pale yellow to light reddish brown, unmarked. Ventral tibia I macrosetae pattern 2(+1p)-2-1p-2-2-0. Abdomen gray, patterned (occasionally pale, unmarked). Colulus a low swelling marked by two clumps of very few setae.

Male: See diagnosis of genus and description of N. xantha comb. nov. for male sexual characteristics.

Female: Epigyne ( Figs 36, 40 ) simple with single inconspicuous transverse atrial opening anteriorly, atrial opening may be paired and very small ( Fig. 39 ). Vulva ( Figs 37–39, 41–42 ) with copulatory ducts very short, heavily sclerotized, separated and proceeding anteriorly or posteriorly from atrial openings; spermathecal heads at anterior end of vulva with primary pores usually on anterior margin of heads; spermathecal stalks short; Bennett’s glands usually conspicuous.

Composition and distribution. ( Fig. 84 ) Neocybaeina gen. nov. is endemic to a small area encompassing southwestern Oregon, U.S.A. from the upper (southern) reaches of the Willamette Valley to the California border. We recognize two species: N. burnetti spec. nov. (male unknown) and N. xantha comb. nov. Both are rarely encountered.

Figures

FIGURES 36–42. Neocybaeina gen. nov. species, females from Oregon (36–39 N. xantha comb. nov., 36 from Bandon, 37–39 from Roseburg; 40–42 N. burnetti spec. nov., 40–41 from Carpenterville, 42 from Gold Beach), copulatory organ. 36, 40 Epigyne, ventral. 37–39, 41–42 Vulva (37 dorsal; 38 ventral; 39, 41 atrial openings, copulatory ducts, and heads, stalks, and proximal portion of bases of spermathecae, ventral; 42 left half of vulva, dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, BS—base of spermatheca, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (36, 38, 40).

FIGURES 66–69. Rothaeina beaudini spec. nov., females from California (66–67 from Delta; 68 from Manzanita Lake; 69 from Lake Almanor), copulatory organ. 66 Epigyne, ventral. 67–69 Vulva (67–68 dorsal, 69 ventral). BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial opening (66–67, 69).

FIGURES 70–74. Rothaeina gen. nov. species, females (70–72 R. jamesi spec. nov. from Klamath, California; 73–74 R. mackinleyi spec. nov. from Charleston, Oregon), copulatory organ. 70 Epigyne, ventral. 71–74 Vulva (71, 73 ventral; 72, 74 dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (70–71, 74 single shafted arrows), additional loop of spermatheca (72 double shafted arrow), and medial transverse sections of spermathecae (72, 74 dashed arrows).

FIGURES 75–79. Rothaeina petersoni spec. nov., females from California (75 from Kyburz; 76 from Sierra City; 77 from Tamarack Flat; 78 from Forest Hill; 79 from near Yuba Pass), copulatory organ. 75 Epigyne, ventral. 76–79 Vulva, dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (75–76, 78 single shafted arrows), and ring-like loops of spermathecae (75–76, 79 double shafted arrows).

FIGURES 80–83. Rothaeina sequoia comb. nov. females from California (80–82 from Pepperwood; 83 from Scotia), copulatory organ. 80 Epigyne, ventral. 81–83 Vulva (81 ventral; 82–83 dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (80, 82–83 single shafted arrows), and ring-like loops of spermathecae (80 double shafted arrows).

FIGURES 1–2. Cybaeina and Rothaeina gen. nov. species (1 C. minuta female from Tofino, British Columbia; 2 R. petersoni spec. nov. male from vicinity of Yuba Pass, California). 1 Eye group, anterior. 2 Patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi of legs I and II, ventral showing ventral tibial macrosetal pattern of 2(+1p)-2-2-2-2-0 on leg I and 2(+1p)-2-2-2-1-2-0 on leg II. AME—anterior median eyes, I—leg 1, II—leg II, Mt—metatarsus, Pt—patella, Ti—tibia.

FIGURES 29–35. Neocybaeina xantha comb. nov., males from Oregon (29, 33–35 from near Glide; 30 from unknown locale; 31–32 from near Bridge), left pedipalp. 29 Genital bulb, ventral. 30 Tegular apophysis and embolus, retrolateral. 31–34 Tibia and patella (31, 33 retrolateral; 32, 34 dorsal). 35 medial component and distal tip of distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, dorsal. Cy—cymbium, DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, dRTA—distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, mRTA—medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, Tr—trichobothrium. Note: in Figs 31, 33–35 the distal end of the mRTA is a short rigid spine-like process; in Fig. 32 the mRTA terminates distally with a short basally articulated macroseta.

FIGURES 14–18. Cybaeina and Neocybaeina gen. nov. species, males (14–15 C. dixoni spec. nov. holotype; 16–17 C. minuta from Kyuquot, British Columbia; 18 N. xantha comb. nov. from near Bridge, Oregon), left pedipalp retrolateral. 14, 16 tibia and distal tip of patellar apophysis.15, 17 medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis.18 distal tip of patellar apophysis.Arrows indicate medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis (14–17 single shafted arrows), distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis (14, 16 double shafted arrows), unknown contaminant on dorsal surface of patellar apophysis (18 dashed arrow).

FIGURES 43–52. Rothaeina gen. nov. species, males (43–44 R. jamesi spec. nov. holotype; 45–47 R. mackinleyi spec. nov. from Beaver Sulphur Forest Camp, Oregon; 48–49 R. petersoni spec. nov. from near Kyburz, California; R. sequoia comb. nov. 50, 52 from Pepperwood, California, 51 from Carlotta, California), left pedipalp. 43, 45, 48, 50 Genital bulb, ventral. 44, 46, 49 Tegular apophysis and embolus, retrolateral. 47 Tegular apophysis and embolus, ventro-retrolateral. 51 Tegular apophysis, retrolateral. 52 Distal half of embolus, ventral. DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, TR—tegular ridge. Unlabelled arrows indicate dorsal keel (45–46 single shafted arrow) and basal projection (43, 48, 50 double shafted arrow) of proximal arm of tegular apophysis and small hooks (52 dashed arrow) on embolus.

FIGURES 60–65. Rothaeina gen. nov. species, males (60–62 R. jamesi spec. nov. holotype; 63 R. mackinleyi spec. nov. from Beaver Sulphur Forest Camp, Oregon; 64–65 R. petersoni spec. nov. from near Kyburz, California), left pedipalp. 60 Proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. 61 Medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. 62, 64–65 Patellar apophysis, dorsal. 63 Tip of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, retrolateral. Unlabelled arrows indicate diagnostic characters: basal projection of proximal arm of tegular apophysis (60); dorso-basal group of peg setae (62); dorsal keel of proximal arm of tegular apophysis (63); large and small peg setae (64–65).

FIGURES 53–59. Rothaeina gen. nov. species, males (53 R. jamesi spec. nov. holotype; 54–55 R. mackinleyi spec. nov. from Beaver Sulphur Forest Camp, Oregon; 56–57 R. petersoni spec. nov. from near Kyburz, California; 58–59 R. sequoia comb. nov. holotype), left pedipalp. 53–54, 56, 58 Patellar apophysis and tibia, retrolateral. 55 Patella, dorsal. 57, 59 Tibia and patella, dorsal. Cy—cymbium, dRTA—distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, mRTA—medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis. Unlabelled arrow indicates basal hump of patellar apophysis (59). Note: in Figs 53, 58–59 the distal end of the mRTA is a rigid spine-like process; in Figs 56–57 the mRTA terminates distally in a basally articulated macroseta.

FIGURES 84–86. Distributions of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. species (84 Neocybaeina burnetti spec. nov. and N. xantha comb. nov.; 85 Rothaeina beaudini spec. nov., R. jamesi spec. nov., R. mackinleyi spec. nov., and R. sequoia comb. nov.; 86 Rothaeina petersoni spec. nov.) AZ—Arizona, CA—California, ID—Idaho, MT—Montana, OR—Oregon, NV—Nevada, UT—Utah, WA—Washington.