Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995

Cifuentes, Yeimy & Bertani, Rogerio, 2022, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the tarantula genera Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871, Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1985, and Amazonius n. gen. (Theraphosidae, Psalmopoeinae), Zootaxa 5101 (1), pp. 1-123 : 46-49

Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995

( Figs 19 , 21 , 78–91 )

Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995a: 2 , figs 1–2.

Diagnosis. Females of Tapinauchenius brunneus resemble those of T. gretae n. sp. by the spermathecae having a large apical lobe ( Fig. 85 ). They differ by spermathecal shape, tapering to the tip, whereas in T. gretae n. sp. they have roughly the same width almost all of its length. Males of T. brunneus resemble those of T. gretae n. sp. by the embolus in dorsal view roughly straight with a pronounced curvature to retrolateral side at its distal portion ( Fig. 81 ). They differ by the shorter embolus, less than 3.5 times subtegulum length and by the thicker embolus in dorsal view.

Type material. Holotype male from nordbrasilien, Ockert, 25 March 1994, deposited at SMZ 38008, examined ( Figs 86–89 ).

Other material examined. BRAZIL: Rondônia: Porto Velho [8°45’00”S, 63°53’56”W], 1 male, A. A. Nogueira, M. C. Silveira, R. Y. Lemos, S. Outeda-Jorge col., 22 March 2011 ( MZUSP 40225 ); Brazilian Army area (9°05’6.26”S, 64°1’6.05”W), 1 female, P. I. da Silva Jr col., 16 October 2013 ( MZUSP 76529 ) .

Redescription. Male (MZUSP 40225). Total length, not including chelicerae or spinnerets 20.97. Carapace 10.18 long, 9.17 wide, 5.37 high. Chelicera: 4.50 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 11.61, 5.47, 10.83, 8.52, 4.53, 40.96; II: 10.35, 4.65, 9.24, 8.23, 4.15, 36.62; III: 8.48, 3.64, 7.18, 7.97, 3.45, 30.72; IV: 10.88, 4.26, 10.66, 10.57, 4.2, 40.57; Palp: 6.16, 3.32, 6.06, -, 1.73, 17.27. Midwidths: femora I–IV= 1.78, 1.69, 2.14, 1.67 palp= 1.47; patellae I–IV= 1.74, 1.66, 1.51, 1.64, palp= 1.30; tibiae I–IV= 1.44, 1.42, 1.26, 1.64, palp= 1.19; metatarsi I–IV= 1.24, 1.16, 1.09, 1.06; tarsi I–IV= 0.93, 0.98, 1.00, 1.06, palp= 1.32. Abdomen: 9.79 long, 6.39 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.44 long, 0.59 wide, 0.47 apart; PLS, 2.00 basal, 1.47 middle, 1.98 distal; midwidths 0.92, 0.74, 0.68, respectively. Carapace: 1.11 times longer than wide; cephalic region slightly raised, thoracic striae conspicuous. Fovea: deep, straight, 0.49 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.70 high, 1.56 long, 2.54 wide. Clypeus: absent. Anterior row straight, posterior recurved. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.67, ALE 0.59, PME 0.33, PLE 0.44, AME–AME 0.34, AME–ALE 0.14, AME–PME 0.19, ALE–ALE 1.76, ALE–PME 0.42, PME–PME 1.39, PME– PLE 0.14, PLE–PLE 1.93, ALE–PLE 0.44. Maxilla: length to width 1.69. Cuspules: ca. 120 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 1.22 long, 1.29 wide, with ca. 116 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on anterior third. Chelicera: basal segment with 9 teeth in row. Sternum: 5.29 long, 4.02 wide.

Legs: Formula: I = IV II III. Length leg IV to leg I: 0.99. Scopula: Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate; IV with few sparse setae. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulate; III 2/3 distal; IV 1/4 distal. IV divided by rows of setae. Spination: Palps and legs (ventral apical: tibia/metatarsi): Palp 0; I: 1 behind retrolateral process of tibial apophysis; II: 2/0; III 2/2; IV 2/2. Tibial apophysis ( Figs 82–84 ): with two processes, retrolateral larger than prolateral, one spine at side of prolateral, another on apical part of retrolateral process. A conspicuous triangular protuberance behind retrolateral process. Metatarsus I folds on retrolateral side of tibial apophysis.

Palp ( Figs 78–81 ): tegulum length 0.83, width 0.72, embolus proximal width 0.27, length 3.54. Embolus proximal portion straight. Embolus length to tegulum length: 3.26, roughly straight in dorsal view with a pronounced curvature to retrolateral side at its distal portion. Embolus distal portion narrows abruptly ending in a curved tip.

Color pattern (preserved in alcohol): Carapace, legs, palpal femora and tibiae brown; abdomen brown with a proximal transverse line connected with central vertical line forming a “T-shape”.

Description. Female (MZUSP 76529). Total length, not including chelicerae or spinnerets 34.69. Carapace 14.31 long, 12.01 wide, 4.28 high. Chelicera: 7.37 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 11.07, 6.90, 9.64, 8.30, 4.38, 40.29; II: 10.04, 6.39, 8.37, 7.68, 4.13, 36.6; III: 8.85, 5.29, 7.39, 7.72, 4.28, 33.53; IV: 10.93, 5.78, 10.29, 10.95, 4.31, 42.26; Palp: 7.53, 4.84, 5.40, -, 5.55, 23.32. Midwidths: femora I–IV= 2.46, 2.55, 2.75, 2.53 palp= 1.97; patellae I–IV= 2.80, 2.56, 2.32, 2.60, palp= 2.05; tibiae I–IV= 2.26, 2.24, 2.33, 2.40, palp= 1.95; metatarsi I–IV= 1.80, 1.74, 1.54, 1.47; tarsi I–IV= 1.78, 1.65, 1.83, 1.68, palp= 1.81. Abdomen: 19.49 long, 15.07 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.13 long 0.99 wide, 0.79 apart; PLS, 3.61 basal, 2.85 middle, 4.54 distal; midwidths 1.82, 1.54, 1.28, respectively. Carapace: 1.19 times longer than wide; cephalic region slightly raised, thoracic striae conspicuous. Fovea: deep, straight, 1.50 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.50 high, 2.01 long, 3.51 wide. Clypeus: absent. Anterior eye row straight, posterior slightly recurved. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0,77, ALE 0.71, PME 0.51, PLE 0.50, AME–AME 0.46, AME–ALE 0.42 AME–PME 0.26, ALE–ALE 2,46, ALE–PME 0.50, PME–PME 2.00, PME–PLE 0.25, PLE–PLE 2.88, ALE–PLE 0.47. Maxilla: length to width 1.4. Cuspules: ca. 232 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 2.02 long, 2.49 wide, with ca. 72 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on anterior third. Chelicera: basal segment with 11 teeth in row. Sternum: 6.85 long, 5.72 wide.

Legs: Formula: I = IV II III. Length leg IV to leg I: 1.05. Scopula: Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate; IV divided by rows of setae. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulate; III 2/3 distal; IV 1/3 distal. IV divided by rows of setae. Spination: Palps and legs (ventral apical: tibia/metatarsi): Palp 2; I: 2/0; II 2/0; III 2/ row of spiniform setae; IV 2/ row of spiniform setae.

Spermathecae ( Fig. 85 ): Two spermathecae completely separated, with base much wider than in the middle, a constriction near the tip forming an apical sclerotized lobe wider than half of the diameter of the width of the spermathecae middle.

Color pattern (preserved in alcohol): Carapace, chelicerae and legs dorsally dark brown with violet shades; sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae brown with black setae. Abdomen light brown with black setae.

Remark. Tapinauchenius brunneus was described from “nordbrasilien”, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, without detailed locality ( Schmidt 1995a). The male herein used in species redescription was collected in the state of Rondônia, a border state with Mato Grosso. The female was collected at a close locality to that of the male, thus, supposedly congeneric. We found no other Tapinauchenius species to occur in the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso.

Distribution. Brazil, in the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia ( Fig. 21 ).

Figures

FIGURE 19. Single cladogram obtained with setk.run and concavity 10.239258 (continued), showing the resolution of Psalmopoeinae clade. Absolute and relative Bremer support are in each node.

FIGURES 21–23. 21, Map showing geographic records (dots) of Tapinauchenius species. 22, detail of the geographic records (dots) of T. sanctivincenti, T. latipes, T. polybotes and T. rasti. 23, detail of the geographic records (dots) of T. plumipes (red) and T. gretae n. sp. (black) in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Tapinauchenius plumipes (red), T. sanctivincenti (pink), T. latipes (green), T. brunneus (brown), T. cupreus (yellow), T. polybotes (purple), T. rasti (light blue), T. gretae n. sp. (black). MI = Mustique island; SL = Saint Lucia island; SV = Saint Vincent island; UI = Union island; TR = Trinidad; VE = Venezuela.

FIGURES 78–85. Tapinauchenius brunneus. (78–84) male (MZUSP 40225). (78–81) right bulb. 78, retrolateral. 79, prolateral. 80, frontal. 81, dorsal. (82–84) left leg I tibial apophysis. 82, ventral. 83, prolateral. 84, retrolateral. (85) female (MZUSP 76529), spermathecae. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 86–89. Tapinauchenius brunneus, holotype male (SMF 38008). (86–87) right bulb. 86, retrolatera1. 87, prolateral. (88–89) left leg I tibial apophysis. 88, ventral. 89, retrolateral.

FIGURES 90–91. Tapinauchenius brunneus, living females from Brazil, state of Rondônia, Porto Velho. Photos: Rogério Bertani.