Fuernrohria setifolia K. Koch (1842: 356)

Bani, Bariş & İdman, Dudu Özlem Mavi, 2020, New morphological and anatomical data on the genus Fuernrohria (Apiaceae), Phytotaxa 429 (1), pp. 48-56 : 52-53

Fuernrohria setifolia K. Koch (1842: 356) ( Fig. 1−2)

Syn: Coriandrum setifolium (K.Koch) Koso-Poljansky (1916: 147) .

Type: “in Armenia boreali, C. Koch” ( LE).

Glabrous, perennial herbs with rootstock.Unbranched or branched above.Remains of withered leaves membranous (not fibrous), present at the base of stem. Stems to 75 cm long, terete, slightly striate, hollow. Basal leaves narrowly oblong to lanceolate. Petioles 3.5−7 cm long, sheathed, ridged. Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, (2.5−)7−15(−30) cm long, 3−4-pinnatisect, glabrous; primary segments 0.5−1 cm long; ultimate segment 0.25−1.5 cm long, mucronate at apex. Cauline leaves similar to the basal ones, but broader and decreasing in size. Bracts 3−8, 0.5−3 cm long, trisect or 1-pinnatisect; segments 1.3 cm long, minutely and sparsely scabrid, mucronate at apex. Rays (6−)9−14, 2−7 cm long. Bracteoles (2−)5−9, 0.7−1.5 cm long, simple, minutely and sparsely scabrid. Umbellules polygamous; male or hermaphrodite. Floral pedicels to 1 cm long. Flowers slightly radiate. Sepals minute. Petals white, cordate, the longest one 0.2 cm long, with long central oil duct. Stamens 5. Fruits 14 per umbellule, 2.5−5 × 0.2 cm, oblong-elliptic, glabrous. Mericarps with obscure primary ridges and lateral ridges sometimes protruding. Commisural vittae 2, large. Stylopodium conical, 0.5 mm. Styles 0.1 cm long, straight, erect, divergent.

Distribution, habitat and phenology.― Fuernrohria setifolia is widely distributed in northern and eastern Anatolia and the neighbouring areas of Armenia, Georgia, Iran and Nakhchivan ( Fig. 3 ). Habitat preferences of the species are water meadows, open forests and field-sides, between 850 and 2100 m elevation. Flowering time is between June and July.

Vegetative anatomy.― Transverse sections of roots are nearly orbicular, with an average diameter of 3.96 ± 0.170 mm ( Fig. 4A ). Roots are covered by periderm, consisting 6−8 cell layers of oblong-shaped phellem cells ( Fig. 4B ), each of those being approximately 12.2 × 29.6 µm. Between phellem and phelloderm, one cell layer of phellogen is found. Under the multi-layered periderm, the secretory canals are embedded in the parenchymatic cells of the cortex.

The thickness of cortex is about 0.52 ± 0.089 mm. Within the root sections, vascular bundles are located between cortex and pith ( Fig. 4C ). There are radially seriate xylem elements and parenchymatous medullary rays clearly observed in the central part of the root.

The cross section shape of F. setifolia stem is also orbicular ( Fig. 5A ). Average diameter has been calculated as 2.1 ± 0.046 mm. Stem is covered by one layered of epidermal cells, whose average size is nearly 9.90 × 20.21 µm. There are 8−10 layers of lacunar collenchyma cells, ca 75.04 × 220.83 µm in size, which form separated groups as ribs under the epidermis. Cortex is composed of secretory canals and 8−11-layered parenchymatic cells including chlorenchyma ( Fig. 5B ). Vascular bundles are attached to each other by continuous sclerenchymatic cells, forming a ring under the cortex. There are also 1−2 layers sclerenchymatic cells above phloem. Secretory canals are randomly located within this ring.

The outermost layer of leaf sheath slices is epidermis.As observed in Fig. 6A , the vascular bundles are decreasing in size towards the tips of the leaf sheath. Between vascular bundles, parenchymatic cells are placed with big intercellular spaces. Above the abaxial epidermis, there are chlorenchymatic cells located through the leaf sheath. Each vascular bundle shows one secretory canal abaxially ( Fig. 6B ). Furthermore, two additional secretory canals are observed on both corners of the central vascular bundle. All the vascular bundles connect to the epidermal cells with connective tissue. Transverse section of leaf segments covered by cuticle has irregularly shaped 1-layered epidermal cells ( Fig. 6C ). Mesophyll is composed of 2−3-layered palisade and 1−2-layered uncertain spongy parenchyma cells. Two small vascular bundles are located at both sides of a large central vascular bundle. There is one secretory canal beside each vascular bundle.

Fruit anatomy.― Average size of mericarp sections was calculated as 1.8 × 1.2 mm. Cuticle and 1-layered epidermal cells covers the mericarps. 3−4-layered vascular bundle elements are shaped as a continuous ring ( Fig. 7A ). Several secretory canals are also observed between the vascular tissue and the epidermal layer ( Fig. 7B ). There are two elliptic and large secretory canals in the commissural region, and one vascular bundle in the funicular area.

Fruit micromorphology.― Fruits are elliptic, with primary ridges inconspicuous. Sepals remain present and minute.The surface ornamentation is reticulate-striate:the coat sculpture is represented by rectangular or subisodiametric cells, and sparse striae can be observed on cell walls ( Fig. 8 ).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Distribution area of Fuernrohria setifolia. Grey colours indicate elevatioin range of the species between 850−2100 m. Tr: Turkey; Ir: Iran; Ge: Georgia; Na: Nakhchivan; Ar: Armenia.

FIGURE 4. The root sections of Foernrhoria setifolia. A) General view; B) Periderm; C) Pith. co: cortex, er: epidermal remains, ph: phloem, prd: periderm, sc: secretory canal, xl: xylem.

FIGURE 5. The stem sections of Fuernrohria setifolia. A) General view; B) Close view. ep: epidermis, col: collenchyma, p: parenchyma, sc: secretory canal, co: cortex, ph: phloem, scl: sclerenchyma, xl: xylem, pt: pith.

FIGURE 6. Transverse sections of Fuernrohria setifolia. A) General view of leaf sheath; B) Close view of leaf sheath; C) Leaf. ep: epidermis, ph: phloem, pp: palisade parenchyma, sc: secretory canal, scl: sclerenchyma, sp: spongy parenchyma, xl: xylem vb: vascular bundle.

FIGURE 7. The fruit sections of Fuernrohria setifolia. A) General view; B) Close view. ep: epidermis, sc: secretory canal, vt: vascular tissue, en: endosperm, fb: funicular bundle, ca: karpofor, cv: commissural vittae.

FIGURE 8. Fruit micrograph of Fuernrohria setifolia. A) General view; B) Surface ornamentation.