Sulcospira testudinaria (von dem Busch, 1842)

Marwoto, Ristiyanti M. & Isnaningsih, Nur R., 2012, The Freshwater Snail Genus Sulcospira Troschel, 1857 From Java, With Description Of A New Species From Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pachychilidae), Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (1), pp. 1-10 : 2-4

Sulcospira testudinaria (von dem Busch, 1842)

( Fig. 1D–F )

Melania testudinaria: von dem Busch, 1842 , in: Philippi,1842: 3, pl. 1, Fig. 14; Mousson, 1849: 66, pl. 11, Figs. 1–3 .

Brotia testudinaria: van Benthem-Jutting, 1956: 368 , Figs. 69, 70, 74; Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2001: 301, Figs. 1F , 3D , 14A–D; Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2002b: 150; Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2002a: 357.

Sulcospira testudinaria: Köhler & Dames, 2009: 681 , Figs. 4I–K , 5D , 6F , 12C.

Diagnosis. — Shell variable, turreted or elongately conic, solid, medium to large (22–40 mm), spire angle about 30°.

Apex eroded, only 7–9 flattened whorls remain. Shell dark brown to black, or yellowish to brown, with brownish flames. Sculpture consists only of 2–3 spiral lirae near the suture, and 3–6 prominent spirals lirae at the base of the body whorl. Suture narrow and shallow. Aperture oval, outer lip straight. Columella not thickened. Operculum oval with 3–4 whorls increasing in diameter, with a sub-central nucleus. Shell dimensions from Tasikmalaya are given in Table 1.

External and internal morphology. — Head foot dark grey to black, mantle edge straight, dark grey or palely pigmented. Body coiled in 2.5 whorls, mantle cavity about 1.5 whorls. Head, tentacle, and neck pigmented dark grey to black. Stomach has a simple sorting area formed by two transverse folds and crescent-shaped thickening. Inner crescent fold undulated, gastric pad thick and large supporting a thin cuticular gastric shield (see also Köhler & Dames, 2009).

Radula ( Fig. 4C, D ). — Taeniglossate with 90–160 rows, 9.98–16.11 mm long (n = 4). Central tooth with large, pronounced median denticle, accompanied by two smaller denticles at each side. Lateral teeth with enlarged pointed major denticles and two much smaller denticles on each side as well. The inner and outer marginal teeth each possess one large median denticle and there are two much smaller denticles at the inner side.

Reproductive biology. — Females contain 100–156 similarly sized embryonic shells (n = 6) with a shell height of c. 1 mm or less.

Embryonic shell ( Fig. 6C, D ). — Conical, dome-shaped, apex inflated and smooth with fine granular texture.

Distribution. — Throughout Java, Indonesia.

Material examined. — West Java: 88 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.615), Desa [= Village]. Picung Cimari, Cikoneng, Tasikmalaya, coll. Simon, Ristiyanti & A. Munandar, 9 Aug.2006 ; 65 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.616), Cikukulu Cisaat , coll. Simon, Ristiyanti & A. Munandar, 8 Aug.2006 ; 8 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.062), River Cibangbay (07°25'14.7"S, 108°11'34.9"E), Kawalu subdistrict, coll. Heryanto & Nova, 21 Oct.2009 ; 10 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.165), River Cibangbay (07°25'14.7"S, 108°11'34.9"E) Kawalu subdistrict, coll. Heryanto & Nova, 21 Oct.2009 ; 4 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.166), Village Salebu , Mangunrejo subdistrict, coll. Heryanto & Nova, 23 Oct.2009 .

Central Java: 182 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.479, MZB Gst. 15.484), River Kalisuci , Semanu subdistrict, Gunung Kidul , Yogyakarta, coll. N. R. Isnaningsih, Riena & A. L. Dwi, 29 Aug.2006 ; 599 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.481), S. Gua Gremeng, Ponjong subdistrict, Gunung Kidul , Yogyakarta, coll. N. R. Isnaningsih, Riena & A. L. Dwi, 6 Aug.2006 ; 584 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.480, MZB Gst. 15.482, MZB Gst. 15.489), River Beton , Ponjong subdistrict, Gunung Kidul , Yogyakarta, coll. N. R. Isnaningsih, Riena, A. L. Dwi & K. H. Renny, 5 Aug.2006, 28 Aug.2008, 2 Jul.2009 ; 116 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.478), River Prambutan , Playen subdistrict, Gunung Kidul , Yogyakarta, coll. N. R. Isnaningsih, Riena & A. L. Dwi, 7 Aug.2006 ; 60 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.486), River Belikwatu , Wonogiri, coll. Adi & Anto, 24 Jul.2008 ; 82 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.485), River Prapatan Pakis, Klaten , coll. Simon & N. R. Isnaningsih, 13 Aug.2006 .

East Java: 23 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.248), Semanding subdistrict, Tuban, coll. K. H. Renny, 5 Aug.2010 ; 86 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.477), River Bekti, Bektiharjo, Tuban , coll. Heryanto, N. R. Isnaningsih & Alfiah, 5 Jul.2006 ; 132 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.483), River Gua Ngerong, Tuban , coll. Heryanto, N. R. Isnaningsih & Alfiah, 5 Jul.2006 ; 13 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.252), Perhutani, Plumpang subdistrict, Tuban, coll. K. H. Renny, 6 Aug.2010 ; 17 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.250), Sendang Joko Tarub, Plumpang subdistrict, Tuban, coll. K. H. Renny, 4 Aug.2010 ; 26 ex. ( MZB Gst. 15.251), River Gua Srenggo , Montong subdistrict, Tuban, coll. K. H. Renny, 6 Aug.2010 .

Figures

Fig. 1. Shell morphology of Sulcospira sulcospira, S. pisum, and S. testudinaria: A, holotype S. sulcospira (ZMZ 522306); B, lectotype of Melania pisum MHNG, Brot collection (Java); C, paralectotype of M. pisum, MHNG, Brot collection (Java); D–F, S. testudinaria: (D, MZB Gst.15.062; E, MZB.Gst.15.479; F, MZB Gst.15.481). Abbreviations: ZMZ, Zoologiches Museum der Universität Zürich; MHNG, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 2. Shell and operculum of S. kawaluensis new species: A–C, holotype (MZB Gst.15.059); D, operculum of a paratype; E–G, paratypes (MZB Gst.8.545). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 3. External and internal morphology of S. kawaluensis new species: A, coiling animal; B, detail stomach. Abbreviations: cr, crescent folds; ct, crescent thickenings;dg, digestive gland; dgd, digestive gland duct; gp, gastric pad; lf, lateral fold; me, mantle edge; msc, columella muscle; sa, sorting area; sl, sole; ss, opening to style sac; stm, stomach. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Radular morphology: A–B, SEM images of a radular fragment of S. kawaluensis new species, showing central, lateral, marginal teeth: A, view from above; B, anterior viewed at 45° showing the shape of radular denticles. C–D, SEM images of radular fragment of S. testudinaria showing central, lateral, marginal teeth: C, view from above; D, anterior viewed at 45° showing the shape of radular denticles. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 5. External anatomy of a female S. kawaluensis new species: A, anatomy of a female exposed subhaemocoelic brood pouch filled with embryonic shells; B, schematic representation of the pallial oviduct morphology. Small letters (a–d) indicate approximate location of anterior part of cross section. Abbreviations: cte, ctenidium; og, oviductal groove; op, operculum; osp, osphradium; po, pallial oviduct; sb, spermatophore bursa; sg, sperm gutter; 2sg, second sperm gutter; sh, subhaemocoelic brood pouch; sr, seminal receptacle. Scale bar =1 mm.

Fig. 6. Embryonic shells from brood pouches:A, B, S. kawaluensis new species; C, D, S. testudinaria. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.