Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schlechter, 1919

Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Hein, Khant Zaw, Kumar, Pankaj & Ormerod, Paul, 2022, Eulophia myanmarica (Orchidaceae), a new species from Myanmar and notes on Geodorum densiflorum, Phytotaxa 548 (2), pp. 288-294 : 292

Notes on Geodorum densiflorum

Eulophia picta (R.Br.) Ormerod (2017: 293) ; Cymbidium pictum Brown (1810: 331) ; Geodorum pictum (R.Br.) Lindley (1833: 175) , nom. illeg. [non Link 1821]. Type: Australia, North Coast, R.Brown s.n. (= 5507) (BM-Lectotype [BM000525343], designated by Halle (1977).

= Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schlechter (1919: 259) ; Limodorum densiflorum Lamarck (1792: 516) . Type: India, Kerala, Malabar coast H.A. van. Rheede tot Draakestein’s ‘Bela pola’ in Hort. Malab. 11: t. 35. 1692 (Lectotype —designated by Seidenfaden 1983: 61).

= Malaxis cernua Willdenow (1805: 93) , nom. illeg.; Otandra cernua (Willd.) Salisbury (1812: 298) . Cistella cernua (Willd.) Blume (1825: 293) ; Ortmannia cernua (Willd.) Opiz (1834: 592) ; Eulophia cernua (Willd.) T.C.Hsu , in Hsu & Chung (2016: 36), nom. illeg. Eulophia cernua (Willd.) Chase et al. (2021: 51) , nom. illeg. . Type: India, Kerala, Malabar coast H.A. van. Rheede tot Draakestein’s ‘Bela pola’ in Hort. Malab. 11: t. 35. 1692.

= Limodorum nutans Roxburgh (1795: 33) ; Cymbidium nutans (Roxb.) Swartz (1799: 77) ; Malaxis nutans (Roxb.) Willdenow (1805: 93) . Type: India, Bengal, W.Roxburgh s.n. (K).

Dendrobium nutans Presl (1827: 102) ; Geodorum nutans (C.Presl) Ames (1908: 154) . Type: Philippines, Luzon, T.Haenke, Sym. Bot. 1: t. 23, 1831 (K).

= Geodorum pallidum Don (1825: 31) . Type : Nepal, Wallich s.n. (Syntype: BM, K, LINN).

= Limodorum candidum Roxburgh (1832: 470) ; Geodorum candidum (Roxb.) Lindley (1855: 8) . Type: Bangladesh, Sylhet, W.Roxburgh 2343 (Syntype: BM! [BM000525312]); icon Roxburgh 2343 (Syntype: K).

= Geodorum fucatum Lindley (1835 : t. 1687). Type: Sri Lanka, 1832, in cultivation, Watson s.n. (could not be located).

= Arethusa glutinosa Blanco (1837: 641) . Type: Philippines, Parigtom , Blanco s.n. (lost).

= Geodorum appendiculatum Griffith (1845: 357) . Type: India, Assam, flowered in Calcutta (Seidenfaden (1983) noted that type of this is possibly at C).

= Geodorum rariflorum Lindley (1855: 2) . Type: India, Assam, Jenkins s.n. (K).

= Geodorum semicristatum Lindley (1855: 2) . Type : Philippines, Cuming 2107 (Syntype: K; isosyntypes BM, K, L).

= Tropidia grandis Hance (1873: 128) . Type: China, Hong Kong, Happy Valley , H. F . Hance 13343 ( BM) .

= Geodorum formosanum Rolfe ex Hemsley (1895: 157) . Types : Taiwan, Takow, A. Henry 1137 (Syntypes: BM [ BM000525309 ], CAL, K, NY [ NY00008850 ]; isosyntypes BM, K [ K000891008 ], L); Southcape, Henry 1375 (Syntype: K).

= Geodorum pacificum Rolfe (1908: 71) . Type : Tonga Island, Vavua, C. S . Crosby s.n. (K-Syntype); Solomon Islands, Woodford s.n. (Syntype L; icon K) .

= Geodorum tricarinatum Schlechter (1911: 101) . Type: Samoa, Savaii , 28 January 1905, Vaupel 545 (could not be located)

= Geodorum neocaledonicum Kraenzlin (1929: 82) . Type: New Caledonia, pentes du Tiebaghi, Paagoumene, 12 Mar. 1925, A.Ü.Däniker 1384 (holo Z; iso Z).

= Geodorum densiflorum var. kalimpongense Yonzone et al. (2012: 7) . Type: India, West Bengal, Darjeeling District, Kalimpong Sub- Division , elev. 780–1400 m, 6 May 2010, R. Yonzone 1213 A (Holotype: CAL; isotypes: C, CWC, NBU) .

Notes:—Some recent studies ( Martos et al. 2014, Bone et al. 2015) suggested merging Geodorum under Eulophia , which was recently undertaken after proposing to conserve Eulophia against Geodorum by Chase et al. (2021a, b). While transferring Geodorum densifloum (≡ Limodorum densiflorum ), as the name Eulophia densiflora Lindley was already taken, the next available synonym was used, namely, Malaxis cernua Willdenow , to make the new combination Eulophia cernua (Willd.) M.W.Chase, Kumar & Schuit. However , they overlooked the publication by Hsu & Chung (2016) where this combination was already proposed - Eulophia cernua (Willd.) T.C.Hsu. Both names, Geodorum densifloum and Malaxis cernua were based on the same type, making the latter combination illegitimate following article 52.1 (Turland et al. 2017). Hence, we suggest Eulophia picta as the next available name for this entity.