Quiva Hebard, 1927

Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger & García, Alexander García, 2022, The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines, Zootaxa 5166 (1), pp. 1-93 : 38-40

Quiva Hebard, 1927

Diagnosis. Slender insects, white with black spots, translucent tegmina with brown or black spots in most species ( Fig. 22E ), except for Q. angieae with black tegmina ( Fig. 22A ). Vertex smooth, not distinctly elevated at the fastigium, rounded and curved, ending in a blunt tooth, a little separated from the fastigium of the frons. Face rounded without lateral carinae ( Figs. 22B, F, I ). Tegmina very narrow, medial vein with two branches connected to the cubital vein by a short vein. Fore femur with two spinules on external genicular lobe, dorsal margin of fore tibiae unarmed except for a single apical, lateral spine. Hind femur with basal half of its length thickened, then narrowed abruptly into thin distal half. Ventral margin of hind femur armed with small spinules, in the same way as the dorsal margin of the hind tibiae ( Figs. 22A, E ). Male cerci with a small internal triangular spine, outer branch elongated ( Figs. 22H, Q, T ), and with an apical spine, except Q. angieae ( Fig. 22D ). Male subgenital plate elongate with small styli. ( Figs. 22G, M, V ) Ovipositor as long as pronotum, slightly curved, margins from mesal to distal region serrulate.

Type species. Quiva diaphana Hebard, 1927 , by original designation.

Distribution. Mostly Amazon region, one species from the Andes ( Map 7 ).

Comments. Unlike the other genera of the Dysoniini with typical lichen and bryophyte camouflage, the species of Quiva mimic wasps of the family Ichneumonidae (Cadena-Castañeda pers. obs.). A similar type of mimicry is found in the phaneropterine genera Aganacris Walker, 1871 and Scaphura Kirby, 1825 , which mimic wasps of the family Pompilidae (Nickle 2012; Sovano et al. 2018).

Key to subgenera and species of Quiva

(adapted from Cadena-Castañeda & Gorochov, 2013 and Cadena-Castañeda et al., 2015)

1. Tegmina with distinctly smaller cells in costal area and with vein MA not fused with Rs ( Fig. 22A ); male cerci with outer branch distinctly shorter than inner branch ( Fig. 22C ); male subgenital plate with rather long styli and shallow emargination between them ( Fig. 22C )............................................... Q. (Paraquiva) angieae Cadena-Castañeda, 2013 Tegmina with large membranous cells in costal area and with distal part of MA connected by a short vein with Rs before Rs bifurcation ( Fig. 22E ); male cerci with outer branch distinctly longer than inner branch ( Figs. 22K, Q, T ); male subgenital plate with very short styli and rather deep emargination between them ( Figs. 22G, M, V )........................ Quiva s.s....2

2. Outer branch of male cerci with almost truncate apex having much thinner apical spine; inner branch very short, much shorter than outer branch ( Figs. 22H, K, N )....................................................... Diaphana group ...3 Outer branch of male cerci with more or less gradually narrowing distal part (apical part of this branch insignificantly narrower than its remaining part); inner branch of cerci of diverse length ( Figs. 22Q, T, W ).................... Abacata group ...5

3. Short postero-dorsal projection of last abdominal tergite of male not very wide and with a straight or slightly concave posteromedian edge; outer branch of male cerci with medial curvature of its distal part located rather far from base of inner branch, and with very thin apical spine ( Fig. 22H ).................................................. Q. pulchella Rehn, 1950 Short postero-dorsal projection of last abdominal tergite of male very wide and with an approximately straight postero-median edge; outer branch of male cerci with medial curvature or not, and moderately thin apical spine........................4

4. Reddish-brown body spots ( Fig. 22I ); spots on prozona and metazona of pronotal disc little prominent; male cerci in dorsal view with medial curvature in distal part located not far from base of inner branch ( Fig. 22K ).... Q. diaphana Hebard, 1927 Black or bluish black body spots ( Fig. 22L ), spots on prozona and metazona of pronotal disc prominent; male cerci in dorsal view without medial curvature, only slightly curving at apex ( Fig. 22N )............................................................................................... Q. buhrnheimi Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Sovano, 2015

5. Outer branch of male cerci with rounded medial convexity at base of dorsally darkened part of this branch and with the rest of this darkened part wide; inner branch short, not curved backward................................................6 Outer branch of male cerci with acute medial denticle at base of dorsally darkened part of this branch and with the rest of this part thin; inner branch much longer and curved backward ( Fig. 22Q )....................... Q. sharovi Gorochov, 2013

6. Male cerci slightly longer than subgenital plate ( Fig. 22T ); apex of subgenital plate is not laterally expanded ( Fig. 22S )...................................................................... Q. abacata ( Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) Male cerci twice as long as subgenital plate ( Fig. 22W ); apex of subgenital plate moderately laterally expanded ( Fig. 22V )....................................................... Q. gutjahrae Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Sovano, 2015

Figures

Map 7. Distribution map of Quiva species.

FIGURE 22. Quiva species. A–D. Q. (P.) angieae. E–H. Q. (Q.) pulchella. I–K. Q. (Q.) diaphana. L–N. Q. (Q.) buhrnheimi. O–Q. Q. (Q.) sharovi. R–T. Q. (Q.) abacata. U–W. Q. (Q.) gutjahrae. A, E. Male habitus in lateral view. B, F, I, L, O, R, U. Frons. C, G, J, M, P, S, V. Subgenital plates. D, H, K, N, Q, T, W. Cerci.