Tragopogon dshimilensis Koch (1850: 663)

Coşkunçelebi, Kamil, Gültepe, Mutlu & Makbul, Serdar, 2017, Rediscovery of Tragopogon dshimilensis (Asteraceae), endemic to Turkey, Phytotaxa 316 (1), pp. 51-58 : 53-55

Tragopogon dshimilensis Koch (1850: 663) .

Type:— TURKEY. A8 Rize: Cimil (“Im pontischen Hochgebirge auf Urgestein”), K. Koch s.n. ( B!, lectotype designated here; isolectotype P!). Epitype (designated here):— TURKEY. A8 Rize: Cimil , 1848 m, 28.07.2011, 40º 44ʹ 306ʺ N, 040º 44ʹ 537ʺ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 301 ( KTUB) ( Figs. 1 , 2 ) .

Emended description:—Sparsely floccose perennial 23–80 cm tall, stems branched near base, base of stem with fibrous leaf remains. Cauline leaves 5–8.5 × 0.5–2.5 cm, lanceolate-ovate, margin somewhat undulate, basal leaves 14–30 × 0.35–1.0 cm, lanceolate, margin somewhat undulate. Peduncles not thickened under capitula or slightly so, involucre floccose at base. Phyllaries 7–11, 18–30 × 2.5–4.3 mm in flower and 14–40 × 2.7–6 mm in fruit, lanceolate, acute, equal to or shorter than flowers. Ligules pale yellow, 14–26 mm long. Achenes (with a beak) 17–25 mm long, with 10 longitudinal rows of slightly unequal scales; beak 5–13 mm long, equal to or shorter than achene body, and clavate at apex. Pappus 15–25 mm long, fawn-colored, annulus hairy. Flowering May–June and fruiting June–July.

Relationship: — Tragopogon dshimilensis is closely related to T. graminifolius but differs by longer achenes (17–25 mm vs. 10–15 mm) and beak (5–13 mm vs. 2–5 mm), and a greater number of phyllaries (7–11 vs. 7–8). Tragopogon dshimilensis is also related to T. aureus but differs by distinctly scaly achenes (vs. not scaly in T. aureus Boiss ). Further comparisons are given in Table 1.

Additional specimens examined: — A4 Kastamonu: N side of Ilgaz Da., 1700 m, Davis & O. Polunin, D. 25073 ( E) ; Ilgaz Mountains , 1600 m, 18.09.1981, Y. Akman, E. Yurdakulol & M. Demiriz ( ANK) ; A7 Trabzon: Maçka, Zigana, Old Gümüşhane road, under Pinus sylvestris forest, 1870 m, 26.05.2012, 40º 38ʹ N, 039º 23ʹ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 355 ( KTUB) ; Between Trabzon and Gümüşhane, entrance of Zigana tunnel from Gümüşhane side, under the forest near roads, 11.07.2013, 40º 38ʹ 16ʺ N, 039º 22ʹ 57ʺ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 450 ( KTUB) ; A7 Gümüşhane: Kürtün, between Söğüteli and Kazıkbeli, pastures, 1965 m, 30.06.2010, 40º 53ʹ N, 039º 00ʹ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 137 ( KTUB) ; Kürtün, Sarı Baba village, 1775 m, 04.08.2011, 40º 03ʹ 13ʺ N, 039º 01ʹ 32ʺ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 297 ( KTUB) ; A8 Trabzon: Uzungöl, Demirkapı , alpine, 2100 m, 25.07.2009, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 82 ( KTUB) ; A8 Rize: İkizdere, Cimil, Ortaköy , road sides, 1900 m, 23.07.2009, 40º 45ʹ N, 040º 45ʹ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 81 ( KTUB) ; Cimil, 1848 m, 28.07.2011, 40º 44ʹ N, 040º 44ʹ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 301 ( KTUB) ; İkizdere, Anzer, between down and up Anzer , 1982 m, 28.07.2011, 40º 37ʹ N, 040º 31ʹ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 302 ( KTUB) ; İkizdere, Anzer, 1715 m 19.06.2012, 40º 37ʹ N, 040º 32ʹ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 359 ( KTUB) ; Çamlıhemşin , between Hisarcık Köy and Sıraköy, alpine zone ; 1600–2000 m, A. Güner 4013 ( ANK) ; İkizdere, Ballıköy ( Anzer ), meadows, 2150 m, 19.07.1984, M. Vural 3079 ( ANK) ; İkizdere, Ballıköy , 1950 m, 27.07.1991, A. Güner, T. Ekim, M. Koyuncu & H. Karaca ( ANK) ; İkizdere, Cimil, Yetimhoca Village , roadsides, 1850 m, 24.08.1985, A. Güner & M. Vural ( AG 6932 ) ( ANK) ; İkizdere, Cimil, Cermanimen Plateau , 2800 m, 23.07.1984 A. Güner 6029 ( ANK!) A9 Artvin: Şavşat , Yavuz Village , pastures, 1449 m, 10.07.2008, 41º 13ʹ N, 42º 23ʹ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 35 ( KTUB) ; Şavşat, Kocabey, Sulanak area , 1616 m, 10.07.2008, 41º 14ʹ N, 42º 25ʹ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 37 ( KTUB) ; Şavşat, Meşeli village, 1591 m, 18.07.2012, 41º 18ʹ N, 042º 28ʹ E, Coşkunçelebi & M. Gültepe 417 ( KTUB) ; A9 Kars: Susuz , 8 km from Kars, fallow field, 05.07.1957 Davis & Hedge (D.30585) ( ANK) ; Kars: Sarıkamış , 2100 m, 07.07.1997, Davis & Hedge (D.30779) ( ANK) ; Ziyaret Dağı, above Yalnızçam , igneous rocky slopes, 29.06.1957, Davis & Hedge (D.30324) ( ANK) ; Yalnızçam , very stony volcanic slopes, 1900 m, 16.06.1957, Davis & Hedge (D.29615) ( ANK) .

Distribution: —Endemic. Eastern Black Sea area of Turkey ( Fig. 3 ).

Conservation status:—The species distribution is restricted to the highlands of NE Anatolia. The EOO of the known 15 locations is less than 14800 km 2 and AOO is less than 60 km 2. The habitat quality is good, but it is under moderate pressure of overgrazing, ecotourism activities and road construction. Thus this species was assessed as Vulnerable: VU B1ab (i,iii,v) category according to the Red List criteria of the IUCN (2012).

Lectotypification and epitypification: —The epithet “dshimilensis ” comes from the name of Dshimil (Cimil), a highland in northeastern Turkey, apparently the locus classicus of T. dshimilensis . Koch’s specimens of Tragopogon dshimilensis ( Figs. 4–5 ) are now available at P! (P00720169) and B! (B100093737). On the herbarium sheets, there are labels bearing annotations which indicate that these specimens were likely used in the description of T. dshimilensis by K. Koch. The specimen kept at P was marked as an isotype of T. dshimilensis by Marion Ownbey, but there is no annotation on the specimen kept at B. Since the name of T. dshimilensis has not been typified to date according to ICN, Article 9.2 ( McNeill et al. 2012), the sheet at B has been selected as the lectotype. A critical examination of Koch specimens stored in P and B revealed that some characters are poor or deficient (both of these specimens are lacking capitula, ligule, phyllaries, radix) but these are diagnostic in Tragopogon . For this reason, we consider that an epitype needs to be designated in accordance with Article 9.8 in order to avoid any ambiguity in the interpretation of the lectotype designated here.

The designation of the epitype is based on the study of material collected from Cimil, Rize ( Turkey), the locality cited by Koch (1850: 663) in the protologue as the locus classicus for this species. The designation of this epitype supports the lectotype selected here, and the specimen allows a more accurate interpretation of the species as well as it corresponds to the traditional and current use of K.Koch’ name.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Epitype of Tragopogon dshimilensis (KTUB).

FIGURE 2. Tragopogon dshimilensis. A. Achene drawing. B. Fruiting capitula. C. Flowering capitula. D. Phyllaries. E. Achene. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Tragopogon dshimilensis.

FIGURE 4. Isolectotype of Tragopogon dshimilensis (P [P00720169!]).

FIGURE 5. Lectotype of Tragopogon dshimilensis (B [B100093737!]).