Qianaphaenops Uéno, 2000

Chen, Mengzhen, Ma, Zijun & Tian, Mingyi, 2019, Discovery of a cavernicolous trechine species from the Sanwang Dong-Erwang Dong cave system, Wulong, Chongqing, southwestern China (Coleoptera Carabidae: Trechinae), Zootaxa 4668 (1), pp. 105-114 : 106-107

Genus Qianaphaenops Uéno, 2000

Sanwangius Tian et Chen, n. subgen.

Type species. Qianaphaenops (Sanwangius) rowselli Tian et Chen, n. sp.

Diagnosis. Semi-aphaenopsian and medium to large sized cave beetles, with moderately elongate body and appendages, eyeless and depigmented ( Fig. 1 ); fore part (head plus prothorax) evidently shorter than elytra, surface smooth; head much longer than wide, genae subparallel-sided, frontal furrows long and deep, divergent posteriorly, two pairs of supraorbital setiferous pores present; mandibles moderately developed, feebly curved apically, shorter than width of head, right mandible tridentate though the median tooth reduced in some individuals; labial suture clearly visible; mentum bisetose on either side of tooth, base concave, tooth short and bifid; submentum 6-setose; ligula thick and short, bisetose at apex; suborbital setae between base of head and submentum ( Fig. 2A ); antennae thin and long, but not extending over elytral apices. Propleura not tumid and so invisible from above; pronotum barrel-shaped; front slightly wider than base, two pairs of latero-marginal setae present, hind angles reflexed and blunt. Elytra rather stout and strongly convex, widest at about 3/7 of elytra from base, side margins narrowly bordered and ciliate throughout, prehumeral part widely rounded; whole disc densely punctate and pubescent; striae well-defined and punctate; two dorsal and the preapical setiferous pores present; all marginal umbilicate pores distant from (except the 2 nd and apical pores which are close to) the marginal gutter, humeral group not aggregated, the 1 st pore transversely and backwardly shifted onto the 7 th stria, behind the level of the 2 nd pore; the 5 th and 6 th pores of the middle group closely spaced ( Fig. 2B ). Protibia with a longitudinal sulcus on dorsal surface; the 1 st and 2 nd protarsomeres modified in male, which are strongly dilated, inwardly denticulate at apices. Ventrites VII bisetose apically in male ( Fig. 2C ), but quadrisetose in female. Male genitalia moderately sclerotized ( Fig. 3 ), shaped between Tiankengius Tian et Huang, 2018 and Qianaphaenops (s. str.) Uéno, 2000; rather small and short, strongly curved ventrally in lateral view, with a thin and small sagittal aileron; apical lobe elongated in dorsal view, much longer than wide; parameres well developed though much shorter than median lobe.

Remarks. Instead of being allied to the genus Deuveaphaenops Tian et Huang, 2017 described also from Wulong ( Huang et al. 2017), Sanwangius is more closely allied to the genus Qianaphaenops Uéno, 2000 which is distributed in northeastern Guizhou and southern Shaanxi ( Uéno 2000; Tian et al. 2018). Sanwangius is allied to the nominate subgenus Qianaphaenops (s. str.), since both subgenera share the following character states: tridentate right mandible, barrel-shaped pronotum, presence of labial suture, presence of posterior latero-marginal setae on pronotum, presence of two dorsal and the preapical pores on elytra, and 1 st and 2 nd protarsomeres modified in male. However, both of them can be easily distinguished from each other by: (1) the 1 st pore of the marginal umbilicate series on elytra transversely and backwardly shifted onto site of the 7 th stria in Sanwangius, but not backwardly shifted in Qianaphaenops (s. str.); (2) elytra stout and strongly convex, wholly pubescent and punctate in Sanwangius, whereas more elongate, less convex and impunctate in Qianaphaenops (s. str.); and (3) aedeagus short and evidently arcuate in Sanwangius, instead of long and straight in Qianaphaenops (s. str.).

Sanwangius is different from the subgenus Tiankengius Tian et Huang, 2018 from southern Shaanxi Province by the following characteristics: (1) propleura invisible from above in Sanwangius, versus visible in Tiankengius; (2) pronotum barrel-like, with obtuse and reflexed hind angles in Sanwangius, versus subquadrate, with rectangular hind angles in Tiankengius; (3) elytra shorter and more convex, wholly pubescent and punctate, lateral margins ciliate throughout, and the 1 st marginal umbilicate pore backwardly shifted in Sanwangius, versus elytra more elongate, moderately convex, glabrous and impunctate, lateral margins smooth, and the 1 st marginal umbilicate pore not backwardly shifted in Tiankengius; and (4) aedeagus longer and more elongate, moderately curved ventrally in Sanwangius, versus shorter and stouter, strongly curved ventrally in Tiankengius.

Etymology. “Sanwang + -ius”. To indicate that the beetles are living in Sanwang Dong-Erwang Dong cave system. Gender masculine.

Range. China (southern Chongqing).

Figures

FIGURE 1 Habitus of Qianaphaenops (Sanwangius) rowselli Tian et Chen, n. subgen., n. sp., holotype, male.

FIGURE 2 Qianaphaenops (Sanwangius) rowselli Tian et Chen, n. subgen., n. sp., A head (ventral), male, paratype B left elytron (chaetotaxy indicated by white points), male, paratype C ventrite VII, male, paratype.

FIGURE 3 Male genitalia of Qianaphaenops (Sanwangius) rowselli Tian et Chen, n. subgen., n. sp., holotype A median lobe and parameres, lateral view B apical lobe, dorsal view.