Paraliparis antarcticus Regan 1914

Stein, David L., 2012, Snailfishes (Family Liparidae) of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, and Closely Adjacent Waters 3285, Zootaxa 3285, pp. 1-120 : 38-40

Paraliparis antarcticus Regan 1914

Figs. 24, 25, 26

Paraliparis antarcticus Regan, 1914a:11 , Regan 1914b:13, 39, Pl. II, Fig. 1 ; Regan 1916:377 (as P. wildi Waite ); Norman 1937:80; Andriashev & Tokarev 1958:200; Andriashev 1982c:536, Figs. 3, 5; Andriashev 1986:31, Figs. 6–9; Stein & Andriashev 1990:238, Fig. 10; Matallanas 1999:1026; Andriashev 2003:231, Figs. 115–117; Duhamel et al. 2010:333, Fig. 15.

Paraliparis wildi Waite 1916:43 , Fig. 9, Pl. IV, Fig. 1

Paraliparis sp. Iwami & Abe 1981:131.

Lectotype. BMNH 1913.12.4.58– 60, 140 mm SL, south of Balleny Is. , 370 m (designated by Andriashev [1982c] as “the largest of three syntypes ”)..

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FIGURE Material Examined. NMNZ P.012008, ripe female, 220 mm TL, 203 mm SL, 77°30.0' S, 165°30.0' E, Ice Harbour, McMurdo Sound, 18 January 1958, depth unknown; NMNZ P.041528, sex unknown, 248 mm TL, 227 mm SL, 67°24.77' S, 165°15.07' E, W of Sturge Id., Balleny Is., R / V Tangaroa, Stn. TAN 0402/214, 03 March 2004, 1340– 1444 m; NMNZ P.042279, TL, SL unknown,> 121 mm, 75º03.30' S, 164º12.60' E, Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, F/ V San Aotea II, Stn. OBS 2184/074, 23 January 2006, 880– 973 m; NMNZ P.043388, 102 mm TL, 92 mm SL; NMNZ P.043389, 164 mm TL, 148 mm SL, 74°43.10' S, 167°01.15' E, between Crary Bank and Cape Washington, Ross Sea, R / V Tangaroa, Stn. IPY / CAML TAN 0802/041, 12 Feb 2008, 898– 926 m; NMNZ P.043422, TL unknown, 202 mm SL, 75°37.94' S, 169°52.99' E, Crary Bank, Ross Sea, R / V Tangaroa, Stn. IPY / CAML TAN 0802/056, 14 Feb 2008, 525– 530 m; NMNZ P.043479, 158 mm TL, 143 mm SL, NMNZ P.043480, 150 mm TL, 136 mm SL; NMNZ P.043481, 151 mm TL, 137 mm SL, 76°46.02' S, 167°49.75' E, south of Franklin Island, Ross Sea, R / V Tangaroa, Stn. IPY / CAML TAN 0802/070, 15 Feb 2008, 724– 752 m; NMNZ P.043559, 115 mm TL, 103 mm SL, 76°11.95' S 176°16.19' E, NW of Ross Bank, Ross Sea, R / V Tangaroa, Stn. IPY / CAML TAN 0802/094, 17 Feb 2008, 447– 450 m.

Diagnosis (modified from Andriashev 2003). V 67–74 (8–10 + 57–64), D 61–65, A 55–60, C 9–10 (5/5, 4/5), P 23–28, radials 4 (rarely 3), pores 2–6–7–1.

Mouth terminal. Teeth simple, forming narrow bands in both jaws. Mandibular symphyseal pores rather closely set. Gill opening very large, extending ventrally in front of 15–20 pectoral rays, about 10% SL, 60% HL or greater. Upper pectoral fin lobe 66–87 % HL. Pectoral notch may or may not have one or two rudimentary rays. Head 25– 26% SL, preanal fin length 39–42%. Fresh color white or pink; peritoneum pale or brownish, variably dark stomach and esophagus visible through body wall and skin (Fig. 25).

These specimens fit the description provided by Andriashev (2003) well, and in fact, NMNZ P.012008 was included in his description. Therefore, only Andriashev's (ibid.) diagnosis slightly modified is provided. The pore formula of 2–7–6–1 given by Andriashev (ibid.:232) is almost certainly an error. Judging by his figure (2003:233, Fig. 115) it should be 2–6–7–1.

Distribution. Circumantarctic, reported from the Ross, Mawson, Cooperation, Cosmonaut, and southern Weddell Seas at depths from less than 100 m (juveniles) to over 700 m. The Balleny Island Specimen (NMNZ P.041528) is outside of the ‘normal’ geographic range and at least 550 m deeper than the normal range.

Comparisons. Paraliparis antarcticus differs from most Antarctic species of the genus in having a very long gill opening (~10–15% SL, 52–62% HL) that extends from above the pectoral fin ventrally in front of 15–20 pectoral rays. It also has a pale peritoneum, the only Ross Sea Paraliparis with one. The length of the gill opening is similar to that in P. meganchus Andriashev 1982b (~15% SL) and P. macropterus n.sp. (see below for comparison). Paraliparis antarcticus differs from P. meganchus in number of vertebrae (67–74 vs 57–63), rudimentary pectoral fin notch rays (sometimes present vs absent), head width (~18 vs 13–14% SL), upper pectoral fin lobe length (17– 23 vs 13–16% SL), and peritoneum color (pale vs brown). It should be noted that Andriashev (1982b) wrote that P. meganchus might be a subspecies of P. antarcticus , although the unusually great range of vertebral number (57–74) suggests it is unlikely.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Map of the Ross Sea, showing all collection localities.