Philonthus fumosus, Solsky, 1868 a: 134

Herman, Taphylininae Iochini Aorothiini Thiini Latyprosopini Taphylinini Mblyopinina Nisolinina Yptiomina Hilonthina Lee H., 2001, Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the End of the Second Millennium. V. Staphylinine Group (Part 2) Staphylininae: Diochini, Maorothiini, Othiini, Platyprosopini, Staphylinini (Amblyopinina, Anisolinina, Hyptiomina, Philonthina), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (265), pp. 2441-3020 : 2441-3020

fumosus Solsky, 1868a: 134 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexique).

— Sharp, 1885: 416 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Fauvel, 1891: 115 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Fauvel, 1903d: 271 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Fauvel, 1904a: 59 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 344 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Cameron, 1932: 127 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 410 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 189 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 244 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

laetabilis Olliff, 1887: 501 ( Cafius ; Type locality: Port Lincoln, South Australia; Hobart , Tasmania).

— Lea, 1899: 540 ( Cafius ; notes).

— Fauvel, 1903: 159 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Fauvel, 1903d: 271 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Fauvel, 1904a: 59 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Cameron, 1932: 127 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 410 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 189 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 244 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

linkei Bernhauer, 1908b: 34 ( Philonthus ; variety of longicornis ; Type locality: Mölkau bei Leipzig).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; variety of longicornis ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1349 ( Philonthus ; variety of longicornis ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 410 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 189 ( Philonthus ; aberration of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1959: 159 ( Philonthus ; aberration of longicornis ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 432 ( Philonthus ; cited as valid species; characters; Russia; Siberia ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 270 ( Philonthus ; cited as valid species; characters; Russia; Siberia ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 313 ( Spatulonthus ; variety of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 244 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

scutellatus Casey, 1915: 434 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: California: Paraiso Hot Springs , Monterey Co.).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 244 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

cervicalis Casey, 1915: 437 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New York: Ithaca ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1336 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 244 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 378 ( Philonthus ; characters; USA).

piceicornis Gridelli, 1920a: 18 , 19, 20 ( Philonthus ; aberration of longicornis ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Articles 1.3.4, 45.5); preoccupied by picicornis Horn according to Article 58.2]; cited from Mte. Rima, Giudicarie, Trentino; Liguria, Genova; Salonicco, Macedonia).

— Donisthorpe, 1930: 96 ( Philonthus ; aberration of longicornis ; characters; Britain).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1349 ( Philonthus ; aberration of longicornis ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 410 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 189 ( Philonthus ; aberration of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1959: 159 ( Philonthus ; aberration of longicornis ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1974: 313 ( Spatulonthus ; variety of longicornis ).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 244 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

bestialis Bernhauer, 1939a: 86 ( Philonthus ; variety of longicornis ; Type locality: British

Ostafrika: M. Kenya, Westhang, Waldzone, Podocarpus, 2400 m). — Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 514 [= 1877: 370] ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Sainte-Claire Deville, 1906: 98 ( Philonthus ; Corsica).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Jarrige, 1951a: 7 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 427 ( Philonthus ; characters; Corsica).

— Coiffait, 1974: 271 ( Philonthus ; characters; Corsica; Sardinia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Marchal and Chardonnet, 2000: 72 ( Philonthus ; Corsica).

- DISTRIBUTION: France, Italy.

lynchi Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for affinis Lynch ). — Scheerpeltz, 1972: 19 ( Philonthus ; Argentina).

- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina.

affinis Lynch, 1884: 160 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Baradero).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; synonym of lynchi ).

macellus Fauvel, 1877: 264 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Australie, Victoria).

— Fauvel, 1878g: 547 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Blackburn, 1896: 262 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Last, 1987: 31 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea).

- DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Guinea.

macies Sharp, 1874 , see: Bisnius .

macilentus Sharp, 1885: 423 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico, Cordova; also with a variety from Mexico: Las Vigas, Jalapa, Cerro de Plumas).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

mcnamarae Cameron, 1931: 362 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New Guinea: Mount Lamington; Finsch Haven).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Last, 1968: 372 ( Philonthus ; cited as macnamarae; New Guinea).

— Last 1981: 124 ( Philonthus ; cited as macnamarae; New Guinea).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; cited as macmarae; Papua New Guinea; New Britain).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, New Britain.

macrocephalus Sharp, 1889: 42 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ichiuchi; Yuyama).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Japan.

maculatus Cameron, 1920a: 217 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mysore, alt. 4400 feet).

— Cameron, 1932: 130 ( Philonthus ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

maculicollis Cameron, 1937: 10 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Java: G. Tangkoeban Prahoe).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

maculicornis Stephens, 1832 , see: cognatus Stephens, 1832 .

maculipennis Fauvel, 1903e: 242 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Cameroun; Gabon: Loango ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1942c: 361 ( Philonthus ; Cameroon).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 348 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Levasseur, 1968a: 53 ( Philonthus ; Central African Republic).

— Levasseur, 1971: 299 ( Philonthus ; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Central African Republic).

- DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon. — Erichson, 1840: 443 ( Philonthus ; [Note: See preceding citation; cited as lucens , but Erichson’s use of the name was a misidentification]; characters; Germany).

— Fauvel, 1874: 247 [= 1874a: 473] ( Philonthus ; characters; France; Sicily; Sardinia).

— Fauvel, 1876a: 74 [= 1876: 259] ( Philonthus ; Spain).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 396 [= 1877: 252] ( Philonthus ; [Note: Cited as lucens Erichson , who misidentified the species, and with mannerheimi Fauvel as a synonym]; characters; France).

— Fowler, 1888: 265 ( Philonthus ; cited as lucens Erichson ; characters; Britain).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 447 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Reitter, 1909: 127 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Portevin, 1929: 360 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 60 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Aleksandrov, 1934: 153 ( Philonthus ; China).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 55 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Palm, 1953: 12 ( Philonthus ; notes; Sweden).

— Smetana, 1958: 183 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Smetana, 1959: 150 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Palm, 1963b: 72 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Denmark).

— Lohse, 1964: 178 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Horion, 1965: 140 ( Philonthus ; Ireland; Britain; Denmark; Sweden; France; Czechoslovakia; Poland; Hungary; Romania; Ukraine; Spain; Italy; Bosnia; Macedonia; Germany; Austria).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 398 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Raianu, 1968a: 466 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 729 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Last, 1974 ( Philonthus ; comparisons to related species; characters; England).

— Coiffait, 1974: 232 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Britain; Sweden).

— Shilov, 1975a: 375 [= 1975b: 98] ( Philonthus ; Komi region of Russia).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Raichev, 1979: 82 ( Philonthus ; Bulgaria).

— Frank, 1982: 42 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

— Tóth, 1984: 53 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Schülke and Uhlig, 1988: 11 ( Philonthus ; Germany).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 62 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Luff, 1996: 30 ( Philonthus ; collecting notes; Isle of Man).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 136 ( Philonthus ; characters; West Palaearctic).

- DISTRIBUTION: Europe, China.

manyemae Bernhauer, 1932b: 148 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Gabrius ; Type locality: Manyema, r. Kasa-Niemba; Katanga: Katompe; Mulongo, Niunzu).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 344 ( Philonthus ; characters; should not be in Gabrius ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

marakwetensis Bernhauer, 1939 , see: Gabrius .

marcelli † Heer, 1856: 17 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Aix, Provence; Fossil).

— Oustalet, 1874: 170 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Scudder, 1891: 566 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Ligurian; France).

— Handlirsch, 1907: 725 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Oligocene; France).

- DISTRIBUTION: France.

marcescens Tottenham, 1949b: 342 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Jebel Haina , Sudan).

— Tottenham, 1961: 204 ( Philonthus ; Senegal).

- DISTRIBUTION: Sudan, Mauretania, Senegal. — Jacobsen, 1849: 691 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 448 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Ström; characters; north and middle Europe).

— Poppius, 1905: 10 ( Philonthus ; Orkney Islands; Shetland Islands).

— Reitter, 1909: 127 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Ström; characters; Germany).

— Poppius, 1913: 10 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Linné; Faroes).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Ström; catalog).

— Portevin, 1929: 360 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Ström; characters; France).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1350 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Ström; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 61 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Ström; illustration of aedeagus).

— West, 1937: 39 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Ström; Faroe Islands).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 56 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Smetana, 1958: 226 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; attributed to Ström; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Smetana, 1959: 172 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; characters).

— Smetana, 1963d: 404 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Palm, 1963b: 73 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Denmark; Norway; Finland).

— Lohse, 1964: 186 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Horion, 1965: 177 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; Russia; Lapland; Northern Cape; Scotland; France; Italy; Romania; Hungary; Czechoslovakia; Poland; Ukraine; Germany; Austria).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 437 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Raianu, 1968a: 468 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 731 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Kasule, 1970: 65 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Coiffait, 1974: 305 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; attributed to Ström; characters; Europe; Britain; Scandinavia; Siberia ).

— Shilov, 1975a: 376 [= 1975b: 98] ( Philonthus ; Komi region of Russia).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Ström; Britain).

— Raichev, 1979: 83 ( Philonthus ; Bulgaria).

— Hinton, 1981: 660 ( Philonthus ; characters of egg).

— Waterston, Owen, Welch, Bacchus and Hammond, 1981: 274 ( Philonthus ; Outer Hebrides).

— Frank, 1982: 42 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

— Boller, 1983: 120 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Tóth, 1984: 43 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Lucht, 1987: 106 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 60 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Welch, 1993: 228 ( Philonthus ; ovariole number and ovary structure).

— J. Li, 1993: 36 ( Philonthus ; China).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Kashcheev, 1999a: 58 ( Philonthus ; Kazakhstan).

— Herman, 2001: 27 ( Philonthus ; synonym of marginatus O. Müller ).

marginatus Fabricius, 1775: 266 ( Staphylinus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Anglia).

— Fabricius, 1781: 336 ( Staphylinus ; Fabricius cited both his 1775 reference and Ström’s article as referring to the same species; characters; England, Norway).

— Fabricius, 1787: 221 ( Staphylinus ; cited without attribution]; characters).

— Paykull, 1789: 44 ( Staphylinus ; attributed Fabricius, 1787]; redescription; Sweden).

— Panzer, 1795: 355 ( Staphylinus ; species attributed to Fabricius, 1793]; characters; Germany).

— Paykull, 1800: 392 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Sweden).

— Turton, 1802: 512 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Europe).

— Gravenhorst, 1802: 24 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters).

— Marsham, 1802: 512 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius with an article by O. Müller as a subsequent citation]; characters; Britain).

— Latreille, 1804: 313 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; France; England; Sweden).

— Gravenhorst, 1806: 71 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius; France).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 322 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Sweden).

— Zetterstedt, 1828: 75 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Lapland).

— Curtis, 1829: 25 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; catalog; Britain).

— C. Sahlberg, 1830: 322 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Paykull who attributed it to Fabricius; characters; Finland).

— Mannerheim, 1830: 28 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Paykull who attributed it to Fabricius; Finland; Sweden; Lapland).

— Mannerheim, 1831: 442 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Paykull who attributed it to Fabricius; Finland; Sweden; Lapland).

— Stephens, 1832: 233 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; England).

— Runde, 1835: 7 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Paykull who attributed it to Fabricius; characters; Germany).

— Lacordaire, 1835: 397 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; France).

— Curtis, 1836: pl. 610 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Britain).

— Nordmann, 1837: 84 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; Sweden; Germany; France).

— Zetterstedt, 1838: 64 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; habitat; Lapland).

— Erichson, 1839a: 453 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Germany).

— Heer, 1839: 261 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Switzerland).

— Stephens, 1839: 396 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; England).

— Erichson, 1840: 444 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius and cited descriptions by O. Müller and Ström as subsequent references; characters; Europe).

— Laporte, 1840: 178 ( Staphylinus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; England; France).

— Ménétriés, 1849: 44 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; Turcomanie).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 702 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Austria).

— Küster, 1853a: 53 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Europe).

— Hardy, 1851: 26 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; notes; England).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 515 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 587 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 192 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Austria).

— Thomson, 1860: 165 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Scandinavia).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 211 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Austria).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 275 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 410 [= 1877: 266] ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; France).

— Fowler, 1888: 266 ( Philonthus ; attributed to Fabricius; characters; Britain).

— Herman, 2001: 27 ( Philonthus ; synonym of marginatus O. Müller ).

rubromarginatus Gabriel, 1909: 416 ( Philonthus ; aberration of marginatus ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Articles 1.3.4, 45.5)]).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; synonym of marginatus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 226 ( Philonthus ; synonym of marginatus ).

— Smetana, 1959: 172 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Onychophilonthus ; aberration of marginatus ; characters).

— Smetana, 1963d: 404 ( Philonthus ; synonym of marginatus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 305 ( Philonthus ; variety of marginatus ; characters).

marginatus Ström, 1768 , see: marginatus O. Müller, 1764 .

marginatus Fabricius, 1775 , see: marginatus O. Müller, 1764 .

marginellus Schubert, 1902 , see: xanthoraphis Eppelsheim, 1895 .

marginipennis Wollaston, 1867: 236 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Cape Verde Islands: S. Vicente).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 328 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Cameron, 1950b: 214 ( Philonthus ; Sudan).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 401 ( Philonthus ; characters; Cape Verde Islands; intertropical Africa).

— Coiffait, 1974: 215 ( Philonthus ; characters; Cape Verde Islands; western Africa; Sahara).

— Coiffait, 1979a: 162 ( Philonthus ; Saudi Arabia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde Islands, Senegal, Benin, Sudan, Saudi Arabia.

maridadus Tottenham, 1962: 223 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kenya: Nairobi. Also cited from Tanganyika ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Kenya, Tanzania.

marojejy Lecoq, 1998: 67 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Piezarthrus ; Type locality: Madagascar Est:

massif du Marojejy).

- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.

marphensis Coiffait, 1982: 68 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nepal: Thakkhola , Alt Marpha,

3200 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.

marshalli Cameron, 1951 , see: Gabrius .

marshalli Tottenham, 1949b: 335 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Natal: Frere).

- DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.

martialis Cameron, 1932 , see: Gabrius .

maryensis Last, 1987: 26 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Papua New Guinea: New Guinea NE:

Mount St. Mary, 1900–3000 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

maskinius Tottenham, 1955: 164 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; Type locality:

Abyssinia: Mt. Chillalo).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia.

masuriensis Cameron, 1926 , see: christiei Bernhauer, 1920 .

mateui Levasseur, 1962: 233 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Rgueibat Temba , Mauritanie).

— Coiffait, 1966b: 338 ( Philonthus ; Mauritania).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mauritania.

matutinalis Faldermann, 1835 , see: laminatus Creutzer, 1799 .

mauretanicus Peyerimhoff, 1937 , see: Gabrius .

mediocris Cameron, 1943 , see: Gabrius .

megacephalus Heer, 1839 , see: Bisnius .

megatlasicus C. Koch, 1941, see: atratus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

meges Tottenham, 1949b: 332 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Abyssinia: Mt. Zuquala ,

circa 9000 feet).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia.

megophthalmus Cameron, 1948 , see: Gabrius .

malaccanus Cameron, 1950d: 19 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Singapore).

- DISTRIBUTION: Singapore.

melampus Smetana, 1991a: 236 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico: Chiapas:

Mt. Tzontehuitz, Chis., 9500 ft.).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

melanarius Mulsant and Rey, 1876 , see: concinnus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

melancholicus Sharp, 1885: 425 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico, Capulalpam ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

melanocephalus Heer, 1839 , see: debilis Gravenhorst, 1802 .

melanocephalus Hochhuth, 1851 , see: Erichsonius .

— Lacordaire, 1835: 406 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Curtis, 1836: pl. 610 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Nordmann, 1837: 102 ( Philonthus ; Europe).

— Zetterstedt, 1838: 65 ( Staphylinus ; characters; habitat; Lapland).

— Erichson, 1839a: 473 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Heer, 1839: 270 ( Philonthus ; characters; Switzerland).

— Stephens, 1839: 398 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Erichson, 1840: 484 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Laporte, 1840: 178 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France; Sweden).

— Kiesenwetter, 1848a: 21 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Jacobsen, 1849: 703 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 706 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Hardy, 1851: 30 ( Philonthus ; notes; England).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 528 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 612 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 196 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Peyron, 1858: 426 ( Philonthus ; Turkey).

— Thomson, 1860: 165 ( Philonthus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Redtenbacher, 1867: 29 ( Philonthus ; Java [Note: This may be a misidentification (Schillhammer, personal communication)]).

— Fauvel, 1874: 258 [= 1874a: 484] ( Philonthus ; characters; France; Turkey; North America).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 215 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Solsky, 1874: 180 ( Philonthus ; characters; Turkestan).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 278 ( Philonthus ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 503 [= 1877: 359] ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— J. Sahlberg, 1876: 21 ( Philonthus ; Finland).

— Horn, 1884: 204 ( Philonthus ; characters; eastern United States from Massachusetts to Michigan) .

— Fowler, 1888: 277 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 457 ( Philonthus ; characters; Palaearctic region; North America).

— Fauvel, 1902b: 113 ( Philonthus ; Morocco; Algeria).

— Montandon, 1908: 80 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Reitter, 1909: 130 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Blatchley, 1910: 385 ( Philonthus ; characters; Indiana).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Johansen, 1914: 412 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Portevin, 1929: 364 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 61 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Wüsthoff, 1937a: 347 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Jarrige, 1951a: 7, 9 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 76 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Smetana, 1958: 220 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Smetana, 1959: 166 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1963: 12 ( Paragabrius ).

— Palm, 1963b: 94 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Denmark; Norway; Finland).

— Lohse, 1964: 185 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Focarile, 1964: 59 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Horion, 1965: 169 ( Philonthus ; all Europe).

— Raianu, 1968a: 468 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 731 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Coiffait, 1974: 94 ( Paragabrius ; characters; Holarctic).

— Shilov, 1975a: 376 [= 1975b: 98] ( Philonthus ; Komi region of Russia).

— Pace and Zanetti, 1977: 303 ( Paragabrius ; Italy).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Tóth, 1984: 77 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Lucht, 1987: 106 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Paragabrius ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 380 ( Philonthus ; characters; USA).

— Owen, 1997a: 149 ( Philonthus ; collecting sites; Ireland).

— Kashcheev, 1999a: 58 ( Philonthus ; Kazakhstan).

- DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Morocco, Europe, Turkey, Kazakhstan.

obscuripennis Stephens, 1832: 236 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: London; Suffolk; Norfolk; Devonshire ).

— Curtis, 1829: 25 ( Philonthus ; nomen nudum; catalog; Britain).

— Stephens, 1839: 397 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Hardy, 1851: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of varians ).

— G. Waterhouse, 1858: 25 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Jarrige, 1951a: 9 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Smetana, 1958: 220 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 94 ( Paragabrius ; synonym of micans ).

luridus Runde, 1835: 9 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Halae).

— Erichson, 1839a: 473 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Erichson, 1840: 484 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 612 ( Philonthus ; cited as lucidus ; synonym of micans ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 457 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 94 ( Paragabrius ; synonym of micans ).

pullus Runde, 1835: 9 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Halae).

— Erichson, 1839a: 473 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Erichson, 1840: 484 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 612 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 457 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Jarrige, 1951a: 9 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Smetana, 1958: 220 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 94 ( Paragabrius ; synonym of micans ).

helveticus Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 506 [= 1877: 362] ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Suisse).

— Duvivier, 1883: 147 ( Philonthus ; catalog; synonym of micans ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 457 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Jarrige, 1951a: 9 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Smetana, 1958: 220 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 94 ( Paragabrius ; synonym of micans ).

toenianus Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 506 [= 1877: 362] ( Philonthus ; Type locality: environs de Lyon).

— Duvivier, 1883: 147 ( Philonthus ; catalog; synonym of micans ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 457 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Jarrige, 1951a: 9 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Smetana, 1958: 220 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 94 ( Paragabrius ; synonym of micans ).

brunneipennis Gerhardt, 1899: 218 ( Philonthus ; variety of micans ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Not cited).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1351 ( Philonthus ; synonym of gerhardti).

— Jarrige, 1951a: 9 ( Philonthus ; cited as brunncipennis; synonym of micans ).

— Smetana, 1958: 193 ( Philonthus ; aberration of agilis ).

— Smetana, 1959: 158 ( Philonthus ; aberration of agilis ; characters).

— Smetana, 1959: 168 ( Philonthus ; synonym of micans ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 94 ( Paragabrius ; synonym of micans ).

gerhardti Jakobson, 1909: 508 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for brunneipennis Gerhardt ). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1351 ( Philonthus ; variety of micans ).

— Smetana, 1958: 220 ( Philonthus ; aberration of micans ).

— Smetana, 1959: 168 ( Philonthus ; aberration of micans ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1974: 94 ( Paragabrius ; variety of micans ).

micanticollis Sharp, 1889: 36 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nagasaki).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1351 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Nakane, 1963a: 91 ( Philonthus ; characters; habitus photograph; Japan).

— Frank, 1982: 42 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

— Yuh, Paik, Kwon, and Lee, 1985: 241 ( Philonthus ; Korea).

— J. Li, 1993: 36 ( Philonthus ; China).

- DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Korea, China.

micantoides G. Benick and Lohse, 1956: 90 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Tesperhude,

Umg. Hamburg).

— Smetana, 1959: 166 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— V. Hansen, 1962: 243 ( Philonthus ; may not be separate from micans ; Denmark).

— Coiffait, 1963: 12 ( Paragabrius ).

— Lohse, 1964: 185 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Smetana, 1964d: 77 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czechoslovakia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 94 ( Paragabrius ; characters; France).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Tóth, 1984: 77 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Lucht, 1987: 106 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Benelux).

— Hodge and Jones, 1995: 39 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Luff, 1996: 30 ( Philonthus ; collecting notes; Isle of Man).

— Burakowski, Mroczkowski, and Stefańska, 2000: 49 ( Paragabrius ; catalog; Poland).

- DISTRIBUTION: Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia.

microcephalus Gravenhorst, 1806 , see: albipes Gravenhorst, 1802 .

microcephalus Stephens, 1832 , see: cognatus Stephens, 1832 .

microphthalmus Horn, 1884 , see: Gabrius .

microtophilus Coiffait, 1967 , see: Bisnius .

mifanus Tottenham, 1956: 283 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ruanda: Rutovu, forêt du Rugege, 2350 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Rwanda.

mimeticus Tottenham, 1962: 228 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; Type locality: Gaboon). - DISTRIBUTION: Gabon.

mimulus Rottenberg, 1870 , see: Gabronthus .

mimulus Sharp, 1874 , see: Cafius .

mimus Smetana, 1959a: 211 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Type locality: Albanien: Butrint).

— Coiffait, 1963: 12 ( Paragabrius ).

— Coiffait, 1970e: 62 ( Paragabrius ; Corfu).

— Coiffait, 1974: 93 ( Paragabrius ; characters; Albania; Turkey).

— Smetana, 1977: 795 ( Philonthus ; Turkey).

— Smetana, 1995e: 51 ( Philonthus ; transferred from Paragabrius by reason of Smetana’s synonymy of Paragabrius and Philonthus ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Greece, Albania, Turkey.

minax Stephens, 1833 , see: Bisnius .

minimus Cameron, 1933a: 170 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Gabrius ; Type locality: Japan: Chuzenji).

- DISTRIBUTION: Japan.

minor Bernhauer, 1928 , see: Mentophilonthus .

minor Erichson, 1840 , see: concinnus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

minutissimus Bernhauer, 1915 , see: Gabronthus .

minutus Boheman, 1848: 283 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Portus Natalensis).

— Fauvel, 1902b: 112 ( Philonthus ; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia).

— Fauvel, 1904a: 60 ( Philonthus ; Kanara; Nilghiris; Ceylan; Bírmanie; China; Japan; Annam; Malacca; Borneo; Sumatra; Java; Celebes; New Guinea; Arabia; Egypt; Abyssinia; Senegal; Mozambique; Natal; Cape; Barbary; Spain).

— Fauvel, 1907: 45 ( Philonthus ; Nairobi; near Nairobi).

— Bernhauer, 1907: 386 ( Philonthus ; Japan).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1920: 16 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Bernhauer, 1922c: 232 ( Philonthus ; Formosa).

— Lea, 1925: 220, 221 ( Philonthus ; characters; Australian introduction).

— Cameron, 1931: 363 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Cameron, 1932: 132 ( Philonthus ; characters; Ceylon; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1351 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1935a: 654 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Adachi, 1937: 58 ( Philonthus ; Izu-Oshima).

— Bernhauer and Chapman, 1939: 71 ( Philonthus ; Kenya).

— Gridelli, 1939: 317 ( Philonthus ; Abyssinia).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 345 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Cameron, 1950g: 36 ( Philonthus ; Belgian Congo).

— Tottenham, 1955: 167 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; characters; notes).

— Scheerpeltz, 1960: 5 ( Philonthus ; Pakistan).

— Last, 1968: 370 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Coiffait, 1974: 315 ( Spatulonthus ; characters; Mediterranean region; Egypt; North Africa; Spain).

— Frank, 1982: 42 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

— Yuh, Paik, Kwon, and Lee, 1985: 241 ( Philonthus ; Korea).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 168 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Maachi, 1991: 251 ( Spatulonthus ; Morocco).

— Barrion, Litsinger, and Last, 1991: 1078 ( Philonthus ; associated with rice agroecosystem). — J. Li, 1993: 37 ( Philonthus ; China).

— Yadav, Chand, and Yadav, 1995: 6 ( Philonthus ; morphology of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes).

- DISTRIBUTION: Senegal, Morocco, Spain, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Congo, Mozambique, South Africa, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Indonesia, New Guinea, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Australia.

parviceps Kraatz, 1859: 86 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ceylan).

— Bernhauer, 1902b: 27 ( Philonthus ; Ceylon).

— Fauvel, 1904a: 60 ( Philonthus ; synonym of minutus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 346 ( Philonthus ; synonym of minutus ).

— Cameron, 1932: 132 ( Philonthus ; synonym of minutus ).