Urupelma dianae, Kaderka, Lüddecke, Rezac, Rezacova and Hüsser, 2023

Radan Kaderka, Tim Lüddecke, Milan Řezáč, Veronika Řezáčová & Martin Hüsser, 2023, Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Journal of Natural History 57 (41 - 44), pp. 1710-1824 : 1809-1819

Urupelma dianae sp. n.

( Figures 70–75 ; Tables 23 , 24 )

Types

Male holotype ( MUSM-ENT 0513017 ) from Peru, Cusco, between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga, 3868 m a .s .l ., 8 October 2018, R . Kaderka col ., male paratype ( MUSM-ENT 0513016 ) from Peru, Cusco, between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga, 3874 m a .s .l ., 8 October 2018, R . Kaderka col.

Etymology

The specific name is a patronym in honour of Diana Silva Dávila, curator of Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, for her help and the chance to study amazing Peruvian tarantulas, and in honour of our 10 years of successful co-operation.

Diagnosis

Urupelma dianae sp. n. differs from U. ashaninka sp. n., U. johannae sp. n., U. atarraz sp. n. and U. megantonianum sp. n. in the absence of urticating setae of type IV (only type III are present).

The males of U. dianae sp. n. differ from all congeners in the presence of short and stout embolus with well-developed PI, developed PS keel and weakly developed R keel ( Figure 74 ). Two almost equal subapical apophyses are present on male tibia I, basally fused, both with short spine. Palpal tibia retrolaterally with a cluster of short spiniform setae, the retrolateral process is present. Males of U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n. differ from all congeners in having R keel weakly developed and well-developed TP present in palpal bulb (developed or well-developed R keel and the presence of less developed TP in palpal bulbs of the other congeners). Males of U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n. differ in the habitus and the colouration (see Figures 62 , 70A ).

Distribution and natural history

Known from the type locality ( Figures 70B , 76 , 77 ). The type specimens were found under stones.

MALE (MUSM-ENT 0513017): ( Figures 70A , 72–74 ) Total length: 18.14, carapace length 8.86, width 7.74, chelicerae with 10 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 72C ) AME 0.35 (circular), ALE 0.32 (oval), PME 0.24 (oval), PLE 0.31 (oval), AME-AME 0.17, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.59, PME-PLE 0.03, ALE-PLE 0.17, AME-PME 0.11, OQ length 0.702, width 1.274. Ocular tubercle length 1.092, width 1.274, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, deep, width 0.83, 5.49 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.07, width 1.73, anterior third with 23 cuspules, maxillae with 78–80 cuspules in basal half. Ventral maxilla without short spiniform setae. Sternum length 4.57, width 3.69, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.33, 0.27 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.26, 0.18 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.21, 0.09 from edge of sternum). Sigilla on labiosternal suture joined. Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III. Maxillary and trochanteral stridulatory bristles absent.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 80%, metatarsi II 60%, metatarsi III 15%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I–II undivided, tarsal scopulae III divided by a narrow longitudinal band of setae, tarsal scopulae IV divided by a wide longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on left legs (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 5/2, II 6/4, III 6/5, IV 6/5. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent.

Spination: femora I p 0-1-2, d 0-1-0, II p 1-1-3, d 0-1-1, III d 0-2-4, IV d 0-1-4 and femora of palps p 0-0-2; patellae I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-0-1, p 1-0-1 III p 2-0-1, r 1-1-0, IV v 1-0-0, p 1-0-1, r 1-0-0 and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I v 3-3-1 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1, II v 4-2-4 (apical), p 1-1-0, d 1-1-0, III v 3-3-3 (apical), p 0-1-3, r 1-1-1, IV v 3-3-4 (apical), p 0-1-2, r 0-1-1 and tibiae of palps p 1-0-3; metatarsi I v 1-1-1 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-0, II v 2-2-2-1 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, III v 2-1-3 (apical), p 2-2-1, r 1-1-1, IV v 3-3-3 (apical), p 1-1-1-1, r 1-1-1, tarsi I– IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Palpal organ as in Figure 74 , embolus short with four smooth keels, PS, PI, A and R keel, PS keel is located on embolus and tegulum, PI keel with subapical oval lobe and small apical lobe, A keel short, transparent, R keel is located on ventral side. Tegulum with distinct subconical basal apophysis. Prolateral cymbial lobe distinctly larger than retrolateral one. Retrolateral cymbial lobe covered with short spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with distinct subapical protuberance apically covered with spiniform setae ( Figure 73A, B ). Two almost equal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 73C ): a retrolateral tibial apophysis with short apical spine, and a prolateral tibial apophysis with single, retrolateral spine reaching the apex. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. When flexed, metatarsus I contacts the retrolateral side of retrolateral tibial apophysis.

Abdomen: ( Figure 72F ) urticating setae of type III are located in a central patch. Size of the patch: length 3.46, width 3.56. PLS: length 2.94, basal segment 0.83, middle segment 0.65, apical segment 1.46, all digitiform. PMS: 0.75.

Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: ( Figure 70A ) carapace and chelicerae dark brown and covered with bronze pubescence, coxae, trochantera brown with bronze pubescence, femora dark brown, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two equal longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes without covering setae. Abdomen dark brown intermixed with long pale setae, except for central brown patch. Ventral view: brown, except for booklung and the area above epigastric scutum, which are light brown. Labium and maxillae dark brown. Spinnerets dark brown.

FEMALE: Known only from Figure 71 . The variability in the shape of spermathecae is shown in Figure 75 .

Figures

Figure 62. Urupelma veronicae sp. n. from Peru, Cusco, Abra Málaga near Nevado Veronica, 4450 m a. s.l., habitus of male paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513018), dorsal view. Photo: R. Kaderka.

Figure 70. A. Urupelma dianae sp. n. from Peru, Cusco, between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga, 3874 m a.s.l., habitus of male paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513016), dorsal view. B. Natural habitat. Photo: R. Kaderka.

Figure 71. Urupelma dianae sp. n. from Peru, Cusco, between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga. A. Adult female with egg sac, dorsal view. B. Adult female with juveniles, dorsal view. Photo: R. Kaderka.

Figure 72. Urupelma dianae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513017) from Peru, Cusco, between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga., 3868 m a.s.l. A. Carapace, coxae and trochantera, dorsal view. B. Sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view. C. Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D. Labium and left maxilla, ventral view. E. Palpal tibia, retrolateral view. F. Abdomen, dorsal view. G. Abdomen, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo: R. Kaderka.

Figure 73. Urupelma dianae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513017) from Peru, Cusco, between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga., 3868 m a.s.l. A. Palpal tibia, dorsal view. B. Palpal tibia, ventral view. C. Left tibia I, prolaterally ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo: R. Kaderka.

Figure 74. Urupelma dianae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513017) from Peru, Cusco, between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga., 3868 m a.s.l., morphology of right palpal bulb. A. Prolateral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Dorsal view. Large arrow shows sperm pore, short arrow shows small oval lobe at the distal end of PI keel. D. Ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo: R. Kaderka.

Figure 75. Urupelma dianae sp. n. from Peru, Cusco, between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga., 3868 m a.s.l. A–F. Morphology of female spermathecae dissected from exuviae collected in situ. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo: R. Kaderka.

Figure 76. Distribution map of Urupelma gen. n. from Peru. Prepared by M. Hüsser.

Figure 77. Distribution map of Urupelma spp. from Urubamba River Valley, Cusco, Peru, showing highly diversified populations and so-called ‘high mountain insularisation̍ caused by geographical barriers and restricted gene flow. Red square = Urupelma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) and Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n. from Santa Teresa, Cusco; white square = Urupelma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) and Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n. from Santa María, Cusco; yellow square = Urupelma machiguenga sp. n. from Echarati, Cusco; green square = Urupelma veronicae sp. n. from Abra Málaga near Nevado Veronica, Cusco; pink square = Urupelma dianae sp. n. from between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga, Cusco. Scale bar: 10 km. Prepared by R. Kaderka.