Thelypteridaceae

Smith, Alan R. & Kessler, Michael, 2017, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXX. Thelypteridaceae, Phytotaxa 331 (1), pp. 1-34 : 2-3

Key to the native and naturalized genera of Bolivian Thelypteridaceae

1 Blades 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, decompound; axes adaxially not sulcate .................................................................. Macrothelypteris

– Blades simple to 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate; axes adaxially sulcate .............................................................................. 2

2 Forked or stellate hairs present at least on the rachises and costae, and/or on the scales at apices of rhizomes, and may be present in other parts of the frond ............................................................................................................................................... Goniopteris

– All hairs unbranched (hairs fasciculate, i.e., basally clustered, in some species of Amauropelta ) .................................................. 3

3 Blades 1-pinnate, rarely simple; pinnae entire or with a serrate or undulate margin, rarely shallowly lobed; veins regularly anastomosing, areoles 3–25-seriate between costae and pinna margins .......................................................................................... 4

– Blades 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate; pinnae incised 1/3 their width or more; veins meeting the margins above sinuses, or connivent at sinuses, or with 1 or 2 pairs of anastomosing below sinuses ....................................................................................... 5

4 Sori usually in a double row between adjacent costules, usually round; sori indusiate (indusial may be small, or hidden in mature sori!) or exindusiate ........................................................................................................................................................ Goniopteris

– Sori usually in a single row between adjacent costules, oblong or linear, rarely round; sori always exindusiate .......... Meniscium

5 Blades with all veins usually meeting margins above the sinuses ............................................................................... Amauropelta

– Blades with at least some of the proximal veins running to the sinuses or forming an excurrent vein to the sinuses ..................... 6

6 Blades narrowed proximally with (1–) 2–20 pairs of greatly reduced pinnae, the proximal pinnae usually auriculiform or glanduliform, rarely proximal pinnae not reduced ....................................................................................................... Amauropelta

– Blades usually not narrowed proximally, or only slightly so, usually lacking greatly reduced pinnae ........................................... 7

7 Rhizomes very long-creeping, blackish and nearly scaleless, to 3 m or more; scales on costae abaxially, these nearly as broad as long; plants of aquatic habitats, often in full sun. ............................................................................................................ Cyclosorus

– Rhizomes long-creeping to short-creeping, ascending, or erect; scales usually absent on costae abaxially, if present then linear to lanceolate, much longer than broad; plants of forested habitat, shaded roadsides, usually not in full sun ...................................... 8

8 Laminar glands abaxially sulfur-yellow, sessile, principally along veins and costules, especially toward segment tips and among sporangia; lowermost pair of veins from adjacent segments uniting below sinuses and producing an excurrent vein ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................... Amblovenatum

– Laminar glands abaxially absent, stalked or sessile, light yellow to reddish or orangish, if present then scattered and often on laminar tissue, not concentrated toward segment tips and among sporangia; lowermost pair of veins from adjacent segments connivent at or just below sinuses, or in some spp. united below sinus and producing an excurrent vein ...................................... 9

9 Cartilaginous keel (false vein) present below pinna sinuses, each keel extending toward costa but not meeting it; aerophores (tuberculate or often threadlike) at pinna bases usually present, absent in a few species; indusia present ......................................... ............................................................................................................................................................ Steiropteris subg. Steiropteris

– Cartilaginous keel absent below pinna sinuses; aerophores at pinna bases present or absent; indusia present and persistent, or absent .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 10

10 Aerophores absent at pinna bases; indusia present, persistent; hairs on rachises and costae abaxially not in fascicles; veins usually <16 pairs per segment ........................................................................................................................................................ Christella

– Aerophores threadlike, peglike or scalelike, present at pinna bases, smaller ones also often present at bases of costules; indusia absent, or replaced by sessile, reddish glands; hairs on rachises and costae abaxially in fascicles; veins usually>16 pairs per segment ......................................................................................................................................... Steiropteris subg. Glaphyropteris