Goniopteris (Salino, 2002)

Smith, Alan R. & Kessler, Michael, 2017, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXX. Thelypteridaceae, Phytotaxa 331 (1), pp. 1-34 : 22-23

Key to the Bolivian species of Goniopteris

1 Blades with a terminal pinna that resembles the lateral ones ........................................................................................................... 2

– Blades gradually narrowed into a pinnatifid apex .......................................................................................................................... 10

2 Blades between veins on both sides with sessile, stellate hairs with 3–5 appressed arms; hairs on costae abaxially all stellate, none acicular ........................................................................................................................................................................... G. schunkei

– Blades between veins on both sides glabrous or with acicular hairs or with stalked, furcate hairs; hairs on costae abaxially a mixture of acicular, furcate, and stellate hairs ............................................................................................................................................... 3

3 Pinnae crenate or very shallowly incised <1/3 the distance to the costae ........................................................................................ 4

– Pinnae incised>1/3 the distance to the costae .................................................................................................................................. 5

4 Indusia present, small, often hidden in mature sori; lowermost veins from adjacent segments connivent at the sinuses .................. ........................................................................................................................................................................................ G. juruensis

– Indusia lacking; lowermost 3–5 pairs of veins from adjacent segments anastomosing well below the sinuses ............. G. poiteana

5 Pinnae incised 1/3–2/5 the distance to the costae ....................................................................................................... G. tryoniorum

– Pinnae incised>1/2 the distance to the costae .................................................................................................................................. 6

6 Basal pair of veins from adjacent segments uniting below each sinus at an obtuse angle, with an excurrent vein to the sinus; sori exindusiate; buds lacking .............................................................................................................................................. G. tetragona

– Basal pair of veins running to each sinus, sometimes meeting just below the sinus at an acute angle; sori indusiate or seemingly exindusiate; bud(s) commonly present in axils of distal pinnae......................................................................................................... 7

7 Proximal pinnae cuneate at bases; costal hairs abaxially mostly acicular, a few furcate ..................................................... G. tristis

– Proximal pinnae truncate at bases; costal hairs abaxially a mixture of stellate, furcate, and acicular hairs .................................... 8

8 Adaxial blade surfaces with appressed hairs between veins; peglike aerophores present at pinna bases .............. G. lugubriformis

– Adaxial blade surfaces glabrous or infrequently sparsely hairy between veins; aerophores lacking .............................................. 9

9 Costae abaxially with stellate and acicular hairs; sporangia hairy (may be hard to see); pinnae subopposite ............. G. biformata

– Costae abaxially with short (0.1 mm), stellate and furcate hairs and slightly longer (0.2–0.4 mm), ascending acicular hairs; sporangia glabrous; pinnae alternate .............................................................................................................................. G. stephanii

10 Blades pinnatifid or 1-pinnate-pinnatifid with just a few free proximal pinnae ............................................................................ 11

– Blades 1-pinnate to just short of the apices .................................................................................................................................... 13

11 Blades adaxially glabrous between veins .................................................................................................................... G. pinnatifida

– Blades adaxially with appressed hairs between veins .................................................................................................................... 12

12 Blades 1-pinnate-pinnatifid in proximal half ................................................................................................................ G. jamesonii

– Blades pinnatifid with a single pair of free or almost free basal pinnae ...................................................................... G. pilonensis

13 Blades between veins on both sides with appressed, sessile, stellate hairs bearing 3–5 arms; sori exindusiate or with minute indusia. ............................................................................................................................................................................... G. biolleyi

– Blades between veins glabrous, or with acicular hairs, or with furcate or stellate, sometimes very short-stalked hairs; sori indusiate or exindusiate .................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

14 Hairs on axes and blades abaxially anchor-shaped, i.e., each with two retrorse hooks at tip; sori exindusiate; veins uniting at an obtuse angle below each sinus, with an excurrent vein to the sinus ......................................................................... G. ancyriothrix

– Hairs on axes and leaves abaxially acicular, furcate, or stellate; sori indusiate or exindusiate; veins meeting at sinuses ............. 15

15 Pinnae incised <1/3(–1/2) to the costae, the lobes often broader than long; buds lacking ............................................................. 16

– Pinnae incised>1/3 to the costae, the lobes usually longer than broad; bud(s) commonly present in axils of distal pinnae ........ 17

16 Hairs on rachises and costae of two types: short, stellate and long, acicular; adaxial blade surfaces with hairs 0.2–0.4 mm long; basal acroscopic pinna segments usually auricled; rachis buds often present ............................................................... G. jamesonii

– Hairs on rachises and costae of roughly similar length; adaxial blade surfaces glabrous; basal acroscopic pinna segments not or only slightly auricled; rachis buds lacking ................................................................................................................ G. sapechoana

17 Adaxial blade surfaces with appressed hairs between veins; peglike aerophores at pinna bases .......................... G. lugubriformis

– Adaxial blade surfaces glabrous between veins; aerophores lacking ............................................................................................. 18

18 Rachises and costae abaxially densely stellate-pulverulent or with short stellate and furcate hairs, lacking acicular hairs .......... 19

– Rachises and costae abaxially with intermixed stellate, furcate, and acicular hairs, or hairs mostly acicular ............................... 20

19 Rachises and costae abaxially densely stellate-puberulent; scales lacking ...................................................................... G. eggersii

– Rachises and costae abaxially with short stellate and furcate hairs; a few red, filiform scales among hairs on costae... G. stephanii

20 Distal pinnae gradually reduced; costal hairs abaxially mostly 0.1–0.2(–0.3) mm long, sparse to moderately dense, mostly simple ........................................................................................................................................................................................... G. abrupta

– Distal pinnae subabruptly reduced; costal hairs abaxially mostly 0.2–1.5 mm long, rather dense, many forked or stellate .............. ........................................................................................................................................................................................ G. biformata